I-Rocket Karakurt ekukhiqizeni ngobuningi
I-prototype yomkhumbi omncane we-missile wephrojekthi engu-22800 Mytishchi ohambweni ngesivinini esigcwele ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kolwandle. Ngaleso sikhathi, umkhumbi wawusabizwa ngokuthi "Isiphepho". Lesi ngesinye sezikhwebu ezimbili ekucushweni kwasekuqaleni, izikhali ezinkulu ezilwa nendiza okuyizibhamu ezimbili ezijikayo ze-30-mm AK-630M.
NgoMeyi 20, uMnyango Wezokuvikela weRussian Federation wamemezela ukuthi ukuhlolwa kokwakhiwa kwemikhumbi yomkhumbi omncane we-Odintsovo wephrojekthi 22800 Karakurt, iyunithi yokuqala ene-Pantsir-M missile kanye nesistimu yezikhali, yaqala oLwandle iBaltic.
Ezinsukwini ezimbili ngaphambili, u-Commander-in-Chief we-Russian Navy (Navy) Adm. Ngesikhathi seholide le-Baltic Fleet, u-Nikolai Evmenov umemezele ukuthi kuzoba namaKarakurts ayisithupha esewonke kulo mfelandawonye wokusebenza, okuhlanganisa amane ekucushweni okuhlosiwe kwezikhali, i.e. kanye noPantsir-M. Owokuqala wabo kuzoba u-Odincowo, lapho le nkimbinkimbi ingase iphumelele khona izivivinyo zombuso.
NgoMeyi walo nyaka, kwaqala ukuvivinywa olwandle lwe-Odintsov, i-Karakurt yokuqala enguqulweni yayo yokugcina, nesistimu yezikhali ezicitshwayo zokuvikela eqondile ye-Pantsir-M kanye ne-artillery efakwe endaweni engemuva yomkhumbi. Izimpondo ze-SOC ezimakwe kahle ze-airborne kanye ne-surface radar yokuthola kanye nendawo yokulandela.
Ukuqala kochungechunge, i.e. inketho yesikhashana
Khumbula ukuthi i-Baltic Fleet isivele inemikhumbi emibili ye-Project 22800 ekucushweni kwayo kwasekuqaleni, izikhali eziyinhloko okuyizibhamu ezimbili ze-30-mm AK-630M ezijikayo. Lona prototype of "Mytishchi" kanye lokuqala Soviet ukufakwa serial. Isizathu sokusetshenziswa kwezikhali ezakhiwe ngawo-60-70 kwaba ukungatholakali kwePantsira-M entsha ngesikhathi kwakhiwa umbhangqwana oshiwo ngenhla weKarakurts. Ukungabikho kwalesi khithi, futhi ikakhulukazi izisetshenziswa ze-radar ezihambisana nazo ezinezimpondo ezinde, obekufanele zishaye ingxenye engaphezulu yesakhiwo esikhulu, kwakusho ukuthi le ngxenye yomklamo wayo yayinomumo ohlukile kunasezingxenyeni ezihlome ngePantsira- M.
Yomibili le mikhumbi yakhiwa eSikhungweni Sokwakha Umkhumbi sasePiella Leningrad e-Otradnoye eduze kwaseSt. Ukubekwa kwama-keels kwenziwa kanyekanye ngoDisemba 24, 2015 ngaphansi kwenkontileka esayinwe ngoDisemba 16, 2015, futhi ukwethulwa ngaphansi kwamagama okuqala athi "Isiphepho" kanye "Nesishingishane" kwenzeka ngoJulayi 29 noNovemba 24, 2017, ngokulandelana. , isivele isendaweni entsha yokukhiqiza. indawo yomkhumbi "Piella" (itholakala neNeva, kodwa ngaphakathi kwemingcele yokuphatha yaseSt. zisuswe ngaphansi kophahla ziye endaweni eyi-longitudinal esetshenziselwa ukuqalisa. Ngenxa yale ngqalasizinda, imikhumbi yethulwa ngezinga eliphezulu lokulungela, okunciphisa inani lomsebenzi okudingeka wenziwe emanzini endaweni yokubeka imishini.
Izivivinyo zasolwandle ze-prototype ziqale ngoMeyi 17, 2018 eLake Ladoga. Phakathi kwabo, umkhumbi wabamba iqhaza embukisweni we-WMF, owenzeka ngoJulayi 29, 2018 eNeva eSt. Ngo-September 27, 2018, uPiełła wamemezela ukuqala kokuvivinywa kombuso kwalo mkhumbi, okwakufanele kwenzeke ekuqaleni oLwandle Olumhlophe, nesizinda echwebeni laseSeverodvinsk, lapho umkhumbi wafika khona ngokusebenzisa i-White Sea-Baltic Canal. Septhemba 28 - Okthoba 7. Izivivinyo zangempela zasolwandle eNyakatho Ekude ziqale ngo-Okthoba 16, 2018. ukudubula imicibisholo "Caliber-NK" olwandle kanye nezindawo ezisogwini. Isigaba sokugcina sokuhlolwa senzeka oLwandle iBaltic. Baqeda ngempumelelo, okwavumela ukuthi ifulege liphakanyiswe, kakade ngaphansi kwegama elisha likaMytishchi, ekugcineni lenzeke ngoDisemba 17, 2018 eBaltiysk, izinsuku ezinhlanu sekwephuzile uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlelo zangaphambilini.
Ngokulandelayo, ngoMeyi 20, 2019, ukuhlolwa kokwakhiwa kwemikhumbi kweyunithi yokuqala ye-serial kwaqala eLadoga, ngaleso sikhathi eyayikwazi ukushintsha igama layo lisuka eSiphepho kuya eSovetsk, isigaba sabo sokuqala sathatha izinsuku ezine. Ezinye izigaba zokuhlolwa kwefekthri nokuhlolwa kombuso sezivele zenziwa oLwandle iBaltic. Ngenxa yalokho, umkhumbi ungene emsebenzini ngo-Okthoba 12, 2019.
Umkhumbi wokuqala ekucushweni okuqondiwe
Iyunithi yesithathu yamandla yephrojekthi 22800 nayo yakhiwa nguPiełła. Ekuqaleni, lo mkhumbi wawubizwa ngokuthi i-Szkwał, eyashintshwa yaba yi-Odincowo yamanje ngemva kokwethulwa. NgoDisemba 2019, yadluliselwa eBaltiysk, lapho ngoMashi 2020 imojula yokulwa yePantsir-M ekugcineni yafakwa kuyo. Yaqala ukufakwa emkhunjini ngesikhathi somcimbi wokwethulwa, kodwa kwaba umhlangano ongalindelekile. NgoFebhuwari 18, 2020, kwamenyezelwa ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-tether kwase kuqalile e-Odinkovo.
Phakathi nesigaba sokuqala sokuvivinywa kwasolwandle, izisebenzi ezakha umkhumbi kanye nabasebenzi bomkhumbi baba nethuba lokuhlola ukusebenza kwawo kokushayela kanye nokuhamba kahle, ukusebenziseka kwemishini nezinhlelo zomkhumbi jikelele, kanye nemishini yokuhamba nokuxhumana. Esigabeni esilandelayo, ukudubula okuhlosiwe olwandle nasemoyeni kuzokwenziwa. Kungenzeka ukuthi, ngaphambi kokufakwa emsebenzini, uhlelo lwakamuva lwaseRussia lwebanga elifushane lokuvikela umoya wezempi iPantsir-M luzohlolwa isimo kulo mkhumbi. Ngemva kokuphothulwa kwazo zonke izivivinyo, u-Odinkovo, njengeKarakurt ezimbili ezedlule, uzoqala isevisi e-Baltic Fleet.
Okwamanje, kuhle ukwethula uhlelo olusha lwezikhali olushiwo ngenhla, olungaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi i-Caliber-NK (imininingwane eyengeziwe ku-WiT 1/2016 kanye no-2/2016), kodwa njengendlela eyinhloko yokulwa nokuhlasela komoya. ikakhulukazi inquma ukusinda kwale mikhumbi enkundleni yempi yesimanje.
I-"Shell-M" yasungulwa yi-design bureau ye-JSC "Design instrumentation" (KBP) evela e-Tula. Naphezu kwegama layo, lokhu akuyona inguqulo yasolwandle yesistimu ye-anti-aircraft engu-96K6 Pantsir-S, kodwa ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwe-3M87 Kortik / 3M87-1 Kortik-M yezikhali zasolwandle kanye nesistimu ye-missile. Kalula nje, ihlanganisa iyunithi yezikhali, i-turret nama-barbettes avela ku-Kortik ane-radar nokutholwa kwe-optoelectronic, amasistimu okulandelela nokulawula umlilo avela ku-Pantsira-S kanye ne-Pantsira-SM yakamuva. Igama elithi "Pantsir-M" lamukelwa ikakhulukazi ngezinjongo zokumaketha, njengoba inkimbinkimbi yomhlaba izuze impumelelo enkulu emakethe, ithola ama-oda hhayi kuphela kuMbutho Wezempi WaseRussia, kodwa nakwamanye amakhasimende amaningi angaphandle.
Njengengxenye yokuguqulwa kwe-module yokulwa ye-Kortik-M complex, i-radar yokulandelela okuhlosiwe yashintshwa, kwafakwa i-optoelectronic sighting warhead entsha, futhi kwasetshenziswa imicibisholo engu-57E6 eqondiswayo (njengasePantsir-S), eyangena esikhundleni se-9M311. imicibisholo. Okubaluleke kakhulu, isistimu ayiseyona isiteshi esisodwa futhi, enguqulweni yayo yamanje, ingalwa nezinhloso ezine ngesikhathi esisodwa ngezikhali zamarokhethi emkhakheni we-90 °, okungenzeka ukuthi inzuzo yayo enkulu ngaphezu kwe-Dirks.
I-Pantsir-M ikwazi ukulwa nezinhloso zomoya ezihamba ngesivinini esikhulu esingu-1000 m/s, futhi isikhathi sayo sokusabela ngu-3÷5 cm kuya ku-1,5 km. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izibhamu ezingu-20-mm 2-barreled swivel 15K30GSz zingasetshenziswa ngokumelene nemigomo ebangeni elingu-6 ukuya ku-30 km kanye nokuphakama kuka-0,5 kuya ku-4 km. Isitokwe sezinhlamvu esezenziwe ngomumo zezinganono ziyimijikelezo engu-0, futhi omagazini ababili abangaphansi kwedekhi bangathwala izinto zokuhamba ezi-3 futhi bethule iziqukathi ezinemicibisholo eyi-1000E32.
Amathuba ale sethi akhuliswa nakanjani yisethi yesimanje yezindlela zobuchwepheshe zokubuka. I-Pantsir-M isebenzisana ne-radar ehlosiwe yokuthola i-SOC (Isiteshi Sokuthola Okuqondisiwe) [okungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi izinti zesiteshi se-Pantsira-S 1RS1-3-RLM, okuthiwa. uchungechunge lwesibili, S-band - ed. ed.], umsebenzi wakhe uwukuthola okuqondiwe komoya nendawo. Ama-antenna esiteshi ane-octagonal amane akhelwe esakhiweni esikhulu esisekelweni se-mast. Ngaphezulu ngakunye, kukhona nothi lohlelo lokuhlonza “umngane noma umngane”. Lezi zamuva zikhulu kunozakwabo basemhlabeni abavela ePantsira.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kumojula yokulwa ngokwayo, isiteshi sokulandelela okuhlosiwe kanye nemicibisholo ye-SSCR [1RS2-3 X-band - approx. ed.], eqala umsebenzi ngemuva kokuthi uhlelo luqale lukhombise okuhlosiwe bese luphendulela imojula yokulwa ngendlela efanele, futhi umsebenzi wayo ukulandelela okuhlosiwe, bese idubula imicibisholo engu-57E6 nokuthuthukisa imiyalo yokuqondisa. Womabili ama-radar athuthukiswa yi-Tula JSC "Central Design Bureau of Equipment".
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-optoelectronic observation and guide head yafakwa kumojula yokulwa ngenhla kwe-antenna ye-radar yokulandela umkhondo. Ku-"Pantsir-S" kwakuyi-10ES1, futhi "Pantsir-M" yomkhumbi - uhlobo olusha, olungaziwa, okungenzeka luhlanganiswe nalolo olusetshenziswe ku-"Pantsir-SM".
