Ukusebenza kokuvuselela ugesi ngesikhathi sokubhuleka nokunciphisa
Okuqukethwe
Eyethulwe eminyakeni embalwa edlule ezinqoleni ezivamile zikadizili, ukubhuleka kabusha manje sekuya ngokuba baluleke kakhulu njengoba izimoto ezihlanganisiwe nezisebenza ngogesi ziba ngentando yeningi.
Ngakho-ke ake sibheke izici eziyisisekelo zale nqubo, ngakho-ke, imayelana nokuthola ugesi kusukela ekunyakazeni (noma kunalokho kinetic energy / inertial force).
Isisekelo esiyisisekelo
Noma ngabe isithombe esishisayo, ingxubevange noma imoto kagesi, ukutholwa kwamandla sekukhona yonke indawo.
Endabeni yemishini yokuthwebula eshisayo, umgomo uwukukhipha injini ngokucisha i-alternator kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka, indima yayo okuwukugcwalisa kabusha ibhethri le-asidi yomthofu. Ngakho-ke, ukukhulula injini emikhawulweni ye-alternator kusho ukonga uphethiloli kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamandla kuzokhiqizwa ngangokunokwenzeka lapho imoto ikwibhuleki lenjini, lapho amandla e-kinetic engasetshenziswa kunamandla enjini (lapho wehlisa ijubane noma wehla isikhathi eside. umthambeka ngaphandle kokusheshisa).
Ezimotweni ezixubile nezikagesi, kuzoba okufanayo, kodwa kulokhu umgomo uzoba ukushajwa kabusha ibhethri ye-lithium, elinganiswa ngosayizi omkhulu kakhulu.
Usebenzisa amandla e-kinetic ngokukhiqiza okwamanje?
Umgomo waziwa kabanzi futhi wenziwa ngentando yeningi, kodwa kufanele ngibuyele kuwo ngokushesha. Uma ngiwela ikhoyili yezinto zokwenziwa (ithusi lingcono kakhulu) enozibuthe, ikhiqiza umsinga kule khoyili edumile. Yilokhu esizokwenza lapha, sebenzisa ukunyakaza kwamasondo emoto egijimayo ukuze kuphile uzibuthe ngakho-ke sikhiqize ugesi ozotholwa kumabhethri (okungukuthi ibhethri). Kodwa uma kuzwakala kuyisisekelo, uzobona ukuthi kunezinto ezimbalwa ezicashile okufanele wazi.
Ukuvuselelwa ngesikhathi sokubhuleka / ukuncishiswa kwezimoto ezihlanganisiwe nezikagesi
Lezi zimoto zifakwe ama-motor kagesi ukuze ziziqhube, ngakho kuwukuhlakanipha ukusebenzisa ukuguqulwa kwamuva, okungukuthi injini iyadonsa uma ithola ujusi, futhi ihambisa amandla uma ishayelwa ngamandla angaphandle (lapha imoto iqalile. ngamasondo ajikelezayo).
Ngakho-ke manje ake sibheke ngokuthe ngqo (kodwa sihlale sinohlelo) ukuthi lokhu kunikeza ini, ngezimo ezimbalwa.
1) Imodi yezimoto
Ake siqale ngokusetshenziswa kwakudala kwemoto kagesi, ngakho-ke sizungeza amandla akho kukhoyili etholakala eduze kukazibuthe. Lokhu kuzungeza kwamanje ocingweni lukagesi kuzodala inkambu kazibuthe kagesi ezungeze ikhoyili, bese isebenza kuzibuthe (bese iyenza inyakaze). Ngokuklama ngobuhlakani le nto (egoqwe ikhoyili enozibuthe ozungezayo ngaphakathi), kungenzeka ukuthi uthole i-motor kagesi ezungeza i-axle inqobo nje uma kusetshenziswe i-current kuyo.
"Isilawuli samandla" / "i-electronics yamandla" enesibopho sokuqondisa nokulawula ukugeleza kukagesi (ikhetha ukudluliselwa ebhethri, injini ku-voltage ethile, njll.), ngakho-ke kubalulekile. indima, ngoba ivumela injini ukuba ibe "injini" noma "generator" imodi.
Lapha ngithuthukise umjikelezo wokwenziwa nowenziwe lula wale divayisi ngenjini yesigaba esisodwa ukuze kube lula ukuyiqonda (isigaba sesithathu sisebenza ngesimiso esifanayo, kodwa amakhoyili amathathu angenza izinto zibe nzima, futhi ngokubukeka kulula. ngesigaba esisodwa).
Ibhethri isebenza ngokwamanje okuqondile, kodwa injini kagesi ayisebenzi, ngakho-ke i-inverter ne-rectifier iyadingeka. Amandla kagesi iyithuluzi lokusabalalisa kanye ne-dosing yamanje.
2) Imodi ye-Generator / yokuthola amandla
Ngakho-ke, kumodi ye-generator, sizokwenza inqubo ephambene, okungukuthi, ukuthumela okwamanje okuvela kukhoyili kuya ebhethri.
Kodwa emuva esimweni esithile, imoto yami yashesha yaya ku-100 km / h ngenxa yenjini yokushisa (ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha) noma injini kagesi (ukusetshenziswa kwebhethri). Ngakho-ke, ngithole amandla e-kinetic ahlotshaniswa nalokhu 100 km / h, futhi ngifuna ukuguqula la mandla abe ugesi ...
Ngakho-ke ngenxa yalokhu ngizoyeka ukuthumela okwamanje kusuka ebhethri kuya ku-motor kagesi, i-logic engifuna ukuyinciphisa (ngakho okuphambene kuzongenza ngisheshe). Esikhundleni salokho, amandla kagesi azohlehlisa isiqondiso sokugeleza kwamandla, okungukuthi, aqondise wonke ugesi okhiqizwa injini kumabhethri.
Ngempela, iqiniso elilula lokuthi amasondo enza i-magnet spin ibangela ukuthi ugesi wenziwe kukhoyili. Futhi lo gesi ofakwe kukhoyili uzophinde ukhiqize insimu kazibuthe, ezobe ibambezela uzibuthe futhi ingabe isawusheshisa njengalapho yenziwa ngokufaka ugesi kukhoyili (ngakho-ke sibonga ibhethri) ...
Yilokhu kubhuleka okuhambisana nokutholwa kwamandla ngakho kuvumela imoto ukuthi ihambe kancane ngenkathi ithola ugesi. Kodwa kunezinkinga ezithile.
Uma ngifuna ukuvuselela amandla kuyilapho ngiqhubeka nokuhamba ngesivinini esizinzile (okungukuthi i-hybrid), ngizosebenzisa injini yokushisa ukuze ngiqhubekisele imoto kanye nenjini kagesi njengejeneretha (sibonga ukunyakaza kwenjini).
Futhi uma ngingafuni injini ibe namabhuleki amaningi (ngenxa yejeneretha), ngithumela i-current ku-generator / motor).
Uma ubhuleka, ikhompuyutha isakaza amandla phakathi kwebhuleki elivuselelayo kanye namabhuleki ediski avamile, lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "i-combined braking". Ubunzima ngakho-ke ukuqedwa kwento ezumayo kanye nezinye ezingase ziphazamise ukushayela (uma kwenziwa kabi, umuzwa wokubhuleka ungathuthukiswa).
Inkinga ngebhethri namandla ayo.
Inkinga yokuqala ukuthi ibhethri alikwazi ukumunca wonke amandla adluliselwe kulo, linomkhawulo wokushaja ovimbela ijusi eningi ukuthi ingajovwa ngesikhathi esisodwa. Futhi ngebhethri eligcwele, inkinga iyafana, ayidli lutho!
Ngeshwa, lapho ibhethri limunca ugesi, kwenzeka ukumelana nogesi, futhi yilapho ibhuleki liqine kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, lapho "simpompa" ugesi okhiqiziwe (futhi, ngakho-ke, ngokwandisa ukumelana nogesi), i-braking yenjini izoba namandla. Ngokuphambene, uma uzwa ukuthi injini ibhuleka, kuzosho ukuthi amabhethri akho ayashaja (noma kunalokho, injini ikhiqiza amandla amanje amaningi).
Kodwa, njengoba ngisanda kusho, amabhethri anomkhawulo wokumuncwa, ngakho-ke akufiseleki ukwenza amabhuleki kungazelelwe futhi isikhathi eside ukuze ushaje ibhethri. Lokhu kwakamuva ngeke kukwazi ukukufanela, futhi okusalayo kuzophonswa kudoti ...
Inkinga ihlobene nokuqhubekela phambili kwe-regenerative braking
Abanye bangathanda ukusebenzisa i-regenerative braking njengento eyinhloko futhi ngakho-ke nakanjani bakhiphe amabhuleki ediski, ampofu kakhulu. Kodwa, ngeshwa, isimiso sokusebenza kwemoto kagesi sivimbela ukufinyelela kulo msebenzi.
Ngempela, i-braking inamandla uma kukhona umehluko wejubane phakathi kwe-rotor ne-stator. Ngakho-ke, lapho wehlisa isivinini, i-braking izoba namandla kancane. Ngokuyisisekelo, awukwazi ukwenza imoto ingakwazi ukuhamba ngale nqubo, kufanele ube namabhuleki ajwayelekile ukuze usize ukumisa imoto.
Ngama-ekseli amabili ahlanganisiwe (lapha i-E-Tense / HYbrid4 PSA hybridization), ngayinye enenjini kagesi, ukubuyiswa kwamandla ngesikhathi sokubhuleka kungaphindeka kabili. Yiqiniso, lokhu kuzophinde kuncike ekubambeni kwebhethri ohlangothini lwebhethri ... Uma lokhu kungenakho ukudla okuningi, akunangqondo kakhulu ukuba namajeneretha amabili. Singaphinde sikhulume nge-Q7 e-Tron, amasondo ayo amane axhunywe ku-motor kagesi ngenxa ye-Quattro, kodwa kulokhu kuphela i-motor kagesi eyodwa efakwe emasondweni amane, hhayi amabili njengoba kumdwebo (ngakho sinawo kuphela generator eyodwa)
3) Ibhethri ligcwele noma isekethe ishisa ngokweqile
Njengoba sishilo, uma ibhethri selishajwe ngokugcwele, noma lidonsa amandla amaningi kakhulu ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu (ibhethri alikwazi ukushaja ngesivinini esikhulu), sinezixazululo ezimbili zokugwema ukulimaza idivayisi:
- Isixazululo sokuqala silula, nginqume yonke into ... Ngosizo lokushintsha (okulawulwa yi-electronics yamandla), nginqamula isifunda sikagesi, ngaleyo ndlela ngivule (ngiphinda igama eliqondile). Ngale ndlela ugesi awusahambi futhi angisenawo ugesi kumakhoyili ngakho-ke angisenawo amandla kazibuthe. Ngenxa yalokho, i-regenerative braking ayisasebenzi futhi ugu lwezimoto. Njengokungathi angisenayo ijeneretha, ngakho-ke angisenayo i-electromagnetic friction ebambezela uquqaba lwami olunyakazayo.
- Isixazululo sesibili wukuqondisa umsinga esingasazi ukuthi senzeni kuma-resistor. Lawa ma-resistant aklanyelwe lokhu, futhi uma sikhuluma iqiniso, alula kakhulu ... Indima yawo empeleni ukumunca amandla amanje futhi akhiphe la mandla njengokushisa, ngakho-ke ngenxa yomphumela we-Joule. Le divayisi isetshenziswa emalolini njengamabhuleki asizayo ngaphezu kwamadiski / ama-caliper ajwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, esikhundleni sokushaja ibhethri, sithumela okwamanje kuhlobo "lwemigqomo kadoti kagesi" ehlakaza okokugcina ngendlela yokushisa. Qaphela ukuthi lokhu kungcono kune-disc braking ngoba ngezinga elifanayo lokubhuleka ibhuleki ye-rheostat ishisa kancane (igama elinikezwe i-electromagnetic braking, elahla amandla ayo kuma-resistors).
Lapha sisika isekethe futhi yonke into ilahlekelwa izici zayo ze-electromagnetic (kuba sengathi ngisonta ucezu lokhuni kukhoyili yepulasitiki, umphumela awusekho)
Lapha sisebenzisa i-rheostat brake okuyinto
4) ukuguqulwa kwe-regenerative braking force
Ngokufanelekile, izimoto zikagesi manje zinezigwedlo zokulungisa amandla okubuya. Kodwa uyenza kanjani ibhuleki evuselelayo ibe namandla kakhulu? Futhi ungayenza kanjani ukuze ingabi namandla kakhulu, ukuze ukushayela kuthwaleke?
Hhayi-ke, uma kumodi yokuvuselela engu-0 (akukho ukubhuleka okuvuselelayo) ngidinga ukucisha isekethe ukuze ngilinganise ukubhuleka okuvuselelayo, kuzodingeka kutholwe esinye isisombululo.
Futhi phakathi kwazo, singabe sesibuyisela enye yamanje kukhoyili. Ngoba uma ukukhiqizwa kwejusi ngokuzungeza uzibuthe kukhoyili kubangela ukumelana, ngingaba nokuncane kakhulu (ukumelana) uma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngijova ijusi kukhoyili ngokwami. Lapho ngijova kakhulu, ayancipha amabhuleki, futhi okubi nakakhulu, uma ngijova kakhulu, ngigcina ngesivinini (futhi lapho, injini iba injini, hhayi i-generator).
Ngakho-ke, yingxenyana yamanje ephinde yafakwa kukhoyili ezokwenza ukuthi ibhuleki elivuselelayo libe namandla kakhulu.
Ukubuyela kumodi ye-freewheel, singathola nesinye isixazululo ngaphandle kokunqamula isekethe, okungukuthi, thumela okwamanje (lokho kanye okudingekayo) ukuze sibe nomuzwa wokuthi sikwimodi ye-freewheeling ... Kufana nokuthi lapho sihlala maphakathi ne-pedal ku-thermal yokupaka ngesivinini esiqinile.
Lapha sithumela ugesi endaweni ejikajikayo ukuze sinciphise "i-engine brake" yemoto kagesi (akusiyona ibhuleki lenjini, uma sifuna ukunemba). Singathola ngisho ne-freewheel effect uma sithumela ugesi owanele ukusimamisa isivinini.
Yonke imibono nokuphendula
wokugcina amazwana athunyelwe:
Reggan (Usuku: 2021, 07:15:01)
Sawubona,
Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezedlule, ngibe nomhlangano endaweni ethengisa kwa-Kia mayelana nokugcinwa okuhleliwe kwe-48000 Soul EV yami engu-2020 km. Ã?? ukumangala kwami okukhulu, ngelulekwa ukuthi ngibuyisele wonke amabhuleki angaphambili (ama-disc nama-pads) ngoba aphelile !!
Ngatshela umphathi wesevisi ukuthi lokhu akwenzeki ngoba ngisebenzise amabhuleki alulama kusukela ekuqaleni. Impendulo yakhe: amabhuleki emoto kagesi aguga ngokushesha kunemoto evamile !!
Kuyahlekisa ngempela lokhu. Ngifunda incazelo yakho yokuthi amabhuleki asebenza kanjani kabusha, ngithole isiqiniseko sokuthi imoto ihamba kancane kusetshenziswa inqubo ngaphandle kwamabhuleki ajwayelekile.
Il J. 1 ukusabela (kula) mazwana:
- Ukuphatha UMPHATHI WENDAWO (2021-07-15 08:09:43): Ukuba umdayisi futhi uthi imoto kagesi iguga amabhuleki kusewumkhawulo.
Ngoba uma ukuqina okweqile kwalolu hlobo lwemoto kufanele ngokunengqondo kuholele ekugugeni okusheshayo, ukukhiqizwa kabusha kubuyisela emuva ithrendi.
Manje, mhlawumbe i-recovery level 3 isebenzisa amabhuleki ngokuhambisana ukuze ikhulise ngokungeyikho ibhuleki lenjini (ngaleyo ndlela isebenzisa amandla kazibuthe enjini namabhuleki). Kulokhu, ungaqonda ukuthi kungani amabhuleki eguga ngokushesha. Futhi ngokusetshenziswa njalo kokuvuselelwa, lokhu kuzodala i-pad ende yokucindezela kuma-discs ngokushisa okungajabulisi kusuka ekugqokeni (lapho sifunda ukushayela, sitshelwa ukuthi ukucindezela kumabhuleki kumele kube namandla, kodwa kufushane ukukhawulela ukushisa).
Kungaba kuhle uma ubona ukuguga kwalezi zakhi ngamehlo akho ukuze ubone ukuthi umthengisi ulingeka yini ukwenza izinombolo ezingekho emthethweni (okungenakwenzeka, kodwa kuyiqiniso ukuthi "lapha singakungabaza").
(Okuthunyelwe kwakho kuzobonakala ngaphansi kwamazwana ngemuva kokuqinisekiswa)
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