Test drive QUANT 48VOLT: inguquko embonini yezimoto noma ...
760 hp nokushesha kumasekhondi angu-2,4 kukhombisa amandla we-accumulator
Ulahlekile ethunzini lika-Elon Musk noTesla wakhe, kodwa uNuncio La Vecchio nobuchwepheshe beqembu lakhe, obusetshenziswa inkampani yocwaningo i-nanoFlowcell, bungayiguqula ngempela imboni yezimoto. Ukwakhiwa kwakamuva okuvela enkampanini yaseSwitzerland yisitudiyo i-QUANT 48VOLT, esilandela i-QUANTINO 48VOLT encane kanye namamodeli ambalwa wangaphambilini afana ne-QUANT F ayengasebenzisanga ubuchwepheshe be-48-volt.
Njengoba isele kuhwalala lweziyaluyalu embonini yezimoto eminyakeni yamuva nje, i-NanoFlowcell inquma ukuqondisa kabusha amandla ayo okuthuthuka futhi ithuthukise ubuchwepheshe balokho okubizwa ngokuthi amabhethri asheshayo, okuthi emsebenzini wawo angahlanganise lutho ne-nickel-metal hydride ne-lithium-ion. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlolisiswa kwesitudiyo se-QUANT 48VOLT kuzoveza izixazululo ezihlukile zobuchwepheshe - hhayi kuphela ngokwendlela eshiwo ngenhla yokukhiqiza ugesi, kodwa futhi nesekhethi iyonke engu-48V enamamotho kagesi ezigaba eziningi anamakhoyili e-aluminium akhelwe emasondweni, kanye isamba okukhiphayo 760 amahhashi. Yiqiniso, kuphakama imibuzo eminingi.
Amabhethri agelezayo - ayini?
Izinkampani nezikhungo eziningi zocwaningo ezifana neFraunhofer eJalimane bezisungula amabhethri wamandla kagesi isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka eyishumi.
Lawa ngamabhethri, noma kunalokho, izinto ezifana nophethiloli, ezigcwala uketshezi, njengophethiloli othelwa emotweni enophethiloli noma injini kadizili. Eqinisweni, umqondo webhethri yokugeleza noma okuthiwa ukugeleza nge-redox akunzima, futhi ilungelo lobunikazi lokuqala kule ndawo lisukela emuva ku-1949. Isikhala ngasinye samaseli amabili, esihlukaniswe ulwelwesi (olufana namaseli kaphethiloli), sixhunywe echibini eliqukethe i-electrolyte ethile. Ngenxa yokuthambekela kwezinto ukusabela ngokwamakhemikhali komunye nomunye, ama-proton asuka kwelinye i-electrolyte aye kwelinye ngokusebenzisa ulwelwesi, futhi ama-electron aqondiswa kumthengi wamanje oxhunywe ezingxenyeni zombili, njengomphumela wokugeleza kwamandla kagesi. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, amathangi amabili ayakhishwa futhi agcwaliswe nge-electrolyte entsha, bese kuthi leyo esetshenzisiwe "isetshenziswe kabusha" eziteshini zokushaja. Uhlelo luqhutshwa ngamaphampu.
Yize konke lokhu kubukeka kukuhle, ngeshwa kusenezithiyo eziningi ekusetshenzisweni kwalolu hlobo lwebhethri ezimotweni. Ubuningi bamandla webhethri e-redox ene-vanadium electrolyte ibanga elingu-30-50 Wh kuphela ngelitha, elilingana ncamashi nelebhethri le-lead-acid. Kulokhu, ukuze kugcinwe inani elifanayo lamandla njengakwibhethri lesimanje le-lithium-ion elinamandla angama-20 kWh, ezingeni elifanayo lobuchwepheshe lebhethri le-redox, kuzodingeka amalitha angama-500 e-electrolyte. Ezimweni zelabhoratri, amabhethri abizwa nge-vanadium bromide polysulfide athola amandla we-90 Wh ngelitha ngalinye.
Izinto zangaphandle azidingeki ekukhiqizweni kwamabhethri e-redox. Azikho izakhi zokubiza ezibizayo ezifana ne-platinum esetshenziswa kumaseli kaphethiloli noma kuma-polymers afana namabhethri e-lithium ion adingekayo. Izindleko eziphezulu zezinhlelo zelebhu kungenxa yokuthi zingezinhlobo eyodwa futhi zenziwa ngesandla. Ngokuphathelene nokuphepha, ayikho ingozi. Lapho ama-electrolyte amabili exubekile, kwenzeka "isekhethi elifushane" lamakhemikhali, lapho kukhishwa khona ukushisa futhi kuphakame izinga lokushisa, kepha lihlale linamanani aphephile, kungenzeki okunye. Vele, uketshezi kukodwa akuphephile, kodwa nophethiloli nodizili.
Ubuchwepheshe be-nanoFlowcell bokuguqula
Ngemva kweminyaka yocwaningo, i-nanoFlowcell yenze ubuchwepheshe obungasebenzisi kabusha ama-electrolyte. Inkampani ayinikezi imininingwane mayelana nezinqubo zamakhemikhali, kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi amandla athile ohlelo lwabo lwe-bi-ion afinyelela ku-600 W / l emangalisayo futhi ngaleyo ndlela enze kube nokwenzeka ukuhlinzeka amandla amakhulu kangaka kumamotho kagesi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, amaseli ayisithupha ane-voltage engu-48 volts axhunywe ngokufanayo, akwazi ukunikeza ugesi ohlelweni olunamandla angu-760 hp. Lobu buchwepheshe busebenzisa ulwelwesi olusekelwe ku-nanotechnology olwakhiwe yi-nanoFlowcell ukuze lunikeze indawo enkulu yokuxhumana futhi luvumele inani elikhulu le-electrolyte ukuthi lishintshwe ngesikhathi esifushane. Ngokuzayo, lokhu kuzophinde kuvumele ukucutshungulwa kwezixazululo ze-electrolyte ngokugxila kwamandla aphezulu. Njengoba uhlelo lungasebenzisi i-voltage ephezulu njengangaphambili, ama-buffer capacitor ayasuswa - izakhi ezintsha zondla ngokuqondile ama-motor kagesi futhi zibe namandla amakhulu okukhipha. I-QUANT futhi inemodi ephumelelayo lapho amanye amaseli ecishwa khona namandla ehliswa egameni lokusebenza kahle. Kodwa-ke, lapho amandla edingeka, ayatholakala - ngenxa ye-torque engu-2000 Nm isondo ngalinye (ngokwenkampani engu-8000 Nm kuphela), ukusheshisa ku-100 km / h kuthatha imizuzwana engu-2,4, kanti ijubane eliphezulu lilinganiselwe ku-300. km. / h Kumapharamitha anjalo, kungokwemvelo ukuthi ungasebenzisi ukudluliselwa - amamotho kagesi amane angu-140 kW ahlanganiswe ngqo kumahabhu amasondo.
Izinguquko kumvelo ezinjini zikagesi
Isimangaliso esincane sobuchwepheshe yizinjini zikagesi ngokwazo. Ngenxa yokuthi zisebenza ku-voltage ephansi kakhulu yama-volts angu-48, azizona izigaba ezi-3, kodwa isigaba se-45! Esikhundleni samakhoyili ethusi, basebenzisa i-aluminium lattice structure ukuze banciphise umthamo - okubaluleke kakhulu uma kubhekwa imisinga emikhulu. Ngokusho kwe-physics elula, enamandla angu-140 kW nge-motor kagesi ngayinye kanye ne-voltage engu-48 volts, okwamanje egeleza kuyo kufanele ibe ngu-2900 amperes. Akukona nje ukuqondana ukuthi i-nanoFlowcell imemezele amanani we-XNUMXA kulo lonke uhlelo. Mayelana nalokhu, imithetho yezinombolo ezinkulu isebenza ngempela lapha. Inkampani ayidaluli ukuthi yiziphi izinhlelo ezisetshenziselwa ukudlulisa imisinga enjalo. Kodwa-ke, inzuzo ye-voltage ephansi ukuthi izinhlelo zokuvikela amandla kagesi aphezulu azidingeki, okunciphisa izindleko zomkhiqizo. Iphinde ivumele ukusetshenziswa kwama-MOSFET ashibhile (i-Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors) esikhundleni sama-HV IGBT abiza kakhulu (High Voltage Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors).
Ama-motors kagesi noma isistimu akufanele ihambe kancane ngemuva kokusheshisa okupholile okunamandla.
Amathangi amakhulu anomthamo wamalitha ama-2 x 250 futhi, ngokusho kwe-nanoFlowcell, amaseli anezinga lokushisa elisebenza cishe ngama-degree angama-96 asebenza ngamaphesenti angama-90. Zihlanganiswe nomhubhe osezingeni lomhlaba futhi zifaka isandla esikhungweni samandla adonsela phansi semoto. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, imoto ikhipha amanzi, nosawoti ovela ku-electrolyte osetshenzisiwe aqoqwa kusihlungi esikhethekile futhi ahlukaniswe njalo ngamakhilomitha ayi-10 000. Kodwa-ke, akucaci ngokukhishwa kwabezindaba ngokusemthethweni emakhasini angama-40 ukuthi imoto idla malini ngebanga elingamakhilomitha ayi-100, kanti futhi kunemininingwane ecacile engacacile. Le nkampani ithi ilitha elilodwa le-bi-ION libiza ama-euro ayi-0,10. Kumathangi anomthamo wamalitha ama-2 x 250 kanye ne-mileage elinganiselwa ku-1000 km, lokhu kusho amalitha angama-50 ngebanga elingamakhilomitha ayi-100, okubuye kube nenzuzo uma kuqhathaniswa nentengo kaphethiloli (inkinga ehlukile yesisindo). Kodwa-ke, amandla wesistimu amenyezelwe angama-300 kWh, ahambelana no-600 kWh / l, kusho ukusetshenziswa kwe-30 kWh ngebanga le-100 km, okuyinto eningi. I-Quantino encane, ngokwesibonelo, inamathangi ama-2 x 95 litre aletha (kubikwa) ama-15 kWh (mhlawumbe ayi-115?), Ngenkathi i-mileage ebangwayo ingu-1000 km ngenkathi idla i-14 kWh nge-100 km. Lokhu ukungqubuzana okusobala ...
Konke lokhu eceleni, ubuchwepheshe be-drive nedizayini yemoto buyamangalisa, okuyinto ngokwayo ehlukile enkampanini yokuqala. Uhlaka lwendawo nezinto zokwakha umzimba owenziwe ngazo nakho kusezingeni eliphezulu. Kepha lokhu sekuvele kubonakala kunemibandela ngokuqhathaniswa nedrayivu enjalo. Okubaluleke ngokulinganayo, imoto iqinisekiswe yiTUV ngokushayela kunethiwekhi yemigwaqo yaseJalimane futhi ilungele ukukhiqizwa kochungechunge. Yini okufanele iqale eSwitzerland ngonyaka ozayo.
Umbhalo: UGeorgy Kolev
Ekhaya" Imibhalo " Okungenalutho » I-QUANT 48VOLT: inguquko embonini yezimoto noma ...
