Ukubheka amapulagi okukhanya enjini yedizili ngezandla zakho

Ingxenye ebalulekile yenjini yokuhlanganisa yangaphakathi ipulaki yenhlansi. Futhi abashayeli bezimoto abaningi abazi ukuthi benzeni uma kunezinkinga ngale ngxenye. Yini edinga ukwenziwa ukuyishintsha nokuthi uqonde kanjani ukuthi ikhandlela lidinga ukushintshwa?

Noma ubani owaziyo ukuthi ama-spark plugs asebenza kanjani cishe uzoqaphela ngokushesha uma kunezinkinga ngale ngxenye. Lapho isiqalisi siqala, kodwa injini namanje ayiqali, udinga ukukhulula ikhandlela futhi uhlole ukuthi libukeka kanjani. Uma imanzi ngenxa kaphethiloli, cishe kungenzeka ukuthi ipulaki ye-spark noma isekethe kagesi ngokwayo inephutha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma ikhandlela lomile, khona-ke kuyadingeka ukuthola ukuthi kungani uphethiloli ungangeni ku-cylinder.

Ukunquma ukuthi i-spark plug inephutha kungaba nzima yini ngoba maningi amasignali okushintsha i-spark plug noma ukwehluleka komlilo. Kungenzeka ukuthi iphutha alikho ku-spark plug kuphela, kodwa futhi uhlelo lokushisa noma ikhebula lingase libe nephutha. Ngokusebenza singasho ukuthi ama-spark plugs esimanje asezingeni eliphezulu, ngakho-ke ukwehluleka kwenzeka kuyaqabukela.

Ngakho-ke, ezimotweni ezintsha, ama-spark plugs aguqulwa ngendlela efanele ngemuva kokushayela ibanga elichazwe ngumenzi. Isibonelo, eFelicia ngaphambi kuka-1997, eyayingakabi nawo umjovo wokusatshalaliswa (i-multipoint), amakhandlela ashintshwa ngemuva kwamakhilomitha angama-30.

Kunohlu olukhulu lwama-spark plug emakethe. Kunamakhulu ezinhlobo zama-spark plugs kanye nohlu olubanzi lwamanani ngokulinganayo - i-spark plug ingabiza ukusuka kuma-euro ama-3 kuye kwangama-30.

Ama-plugs ama-Spark angaphansi kokuthuthukiswa okungaguquki, njengezinye izingxenye zezimoto. Ubuchwepheshe nezinto zokwenziwa ziyathuthukiswa, futhi impilo yeshalofu inyuswe isuka ku-30 km iye cishe ku-000 km namuhla. Kukhona nama-spark plugs anezikhawu zokufaka ezinye kuze kufike ku-60 km. Njengoba ama-spark plugs eyimikhiqizo eyenziwe ifane, okusho ukuthi abenzi bayo kumele benze ama-spark plugs anezici ezithile, sincoma ukusebenzisa ama-spark plugs ohlobo olufanayo nomenzi njengemoto yakho.

Ama-plugs akhazimulayo enjini kadizili

Ipulaki ekhanyayo enjinini kadizili yenza umsebenzi ohlukile kune-spark plug enjinini kaphethiloli. Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-spark plug ukuthungela ingxube yomoya kanye nophethiloli ekamelweni elivuthayo. Okwamanje, ipulaki elikhanyayo lidlala indima enkulu ekulungiseleleni injini ukuqala okubandayo.

Ipulaki yokukhanyisa injini kadizili iyinsimbi ezacile enento yokufudumeza ekugcineni. Yenziwe ngezinto zokushisa eziphakeme zanamuhla nezinto zokulwa ne-oxidation.

Ngezinjini ezintsha zikadizili, impilo yamapulagi akhanyayo kufanele ilingane naleyo yenjini yonke, ngakho-ke ukushintsha ama-spark plugs kungadala izinkinga ezithile. Kuma-diesel amadala, ama-plugs akhanyayo adinga ukushintshwa ngemuva kwamakhilomitha angaba ngu-90000.

Ngokungafani nama-spark plugs, ama-plugs akhanyayo adingeka kuphela ngesikhathi sokushisa, futhi hhayi ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho injini isebenza. Ugesi unikezwa entweni yokufudumeza, eshisa kakhulu. Umoya ongenayo ucindezelwe, umlomo wombhobho uqondisa uphethiloli entweni evuthayo yokushisa ipulaki lapho kufakwa uphethiloli. Amafutha afuthwayo ahlangana nomoya futhi le ngxube iqala ukusha cishe ngaso leso sikhathi, noma ngabe injini ayifudunyezwa.

Isebenza kanjani?

Ngokungafani nenjini kaphethiloli, injini ye-diesel isebenza ngesimiso esihlukile. Kuyo, ingxube kaphethiloli nomoya ayikhanyi ngosizo lwe-spark plug. Isizathu siwukuthi ukuthuthwa kukaphethiloli we-diesel kudinga izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu kunelikaphethiloli (ingxube ye-air-fuel ivutha ekushiseni okungaba ngu-800 degrees). Ukuze uphethiloli we-diesel uvutha, kuyadingeka ukushisa kakhulu umoya ongena kusilinda.

Lapho i-motor ifudumele, lokhu akuyona inkinga, futhi ukucindezela okuqinile kwanele ukufudumala umoya. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukucindezela ezinjinini zikadizili kuphakeme kakhulu kunezinjini zikaphethiloli. Ebusika, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuqala kwesithwathwa esinamandla, enjini ebandayo, lokhu kushisa kufinyelelwa isikhathi eside kakhulu ngenxa yokucindezelwa okukodwa. Kufanele uvule isiqalisi isikhathi eside, futhi esimweni sokucindezelwa okuphezulu, amandla engeziwe ayadingeka ukuze uqalise injini.

Ukwenza kube lula ukuqalisa injini ebandayo, amapulaki akhanyayo akhiwe. Umsebenzi wabo ukufudumala umoya kusilinda ezingeni lokushisa elingama-degree angama-75. Ngenxa yalokho, izinga lokushisa lomlilo likaphethiloli lifinyelelwa ngesikhathi sokucindezela kokucindezela.

Manje cabangela isimiso sokusebenza kwepulaki elikhanyayo ngokwalo. Ngaphakathi kufakwe amakhoyili okushisa nokulawula. Owokuqala ushisa umzimba wekhandlela, kanti owesibili uwuvimbela ekushiseni ngokweqile. Ngemva kokuqala injini, amapulaki akhanyayo azoqhubeka esebenza kuze kube yilapho izinga lokushisa ohlelweni lokupholisa likhuphuka liye ku-+60 degrees.

Kuye ngezinga lokushisa le-ambient, lokhu kungase kuthathe imizuzu emithathu. Ngemva kwalokho, asikho isidingo samakhandlela, njengoba injini ifudumala futhi izinga lokushisa lomlilo likaphethiloli we-diesel selifinyelelwe ngokucindezela umoya ngamaphiston.

Isikhathi lapho injini ingaqalwa khona sinqunywa uphawu kudeshibhodi. Ngenkathi inkomba yepulaki elikhanyayo (iphethini elivunguzayo) ivuliwe, amasilinda ayafudumala. Uma isithonjana siphuma, ungakwazi ukuklamuza isiqalisi. Kwezinye izinhlobo zezimoto, injini iqala kalula uma ukufundwa kwe-speedometer kukhanya ebhodini le-electronic scoreboard. Ngokuvamile lolu lwazi kudeshibhodi luvela ngemva kokuthi isithonjana esivunguzayo siphumile.

Ezinye izimoto zesimanje zifakwe uhlelo olungafaki amakhoyili efilament. Lokhu kwenzeka uma injini isivele ifudumele ngokwanele. Kukhona futhi ukuguqulwa kwamakhandlela avala ngokushesha ngemva kokuba isiqalisi sicushwe. Zishisa kangangokuthi ngemva kokucisha ukushisa kwazo okusalayo kwanele ukuqinisekisa ukufudumeza komoya okufanele kumasilinda kuze kube yilapho injini ifudumala.

Yonke inqubo yokushisa komoya ilawulwa yiyunithi yokulawula ye-elekthronikhi. Ihlaziya izinkomba zokushisa ze-motor ngokwayo kanye ne-coolant futhi, ngokuhambisana nalokhu, ithumela amasignali ku-relay eshisayo (ivala / ivula umjikelezo kagesi wawo wonke amakhandlela).

Uma ukuvunguza kudeshibhodi kungacimi ngemva kwesikhathi esimisiwe noma kukhanye futhi, lokhu kubonisa ukwehluleka kokudluliswa kwe-thermal. Uma ingashintshwa, ipulaki elikhanyayo lizoshisa ngokweqile futhi iphinikhodi yalo yokushisa izosha.

Izinhlobonhlobo zamapulaki akhanyayo

Wonke amapulaki akhanyayo ezinjini zikadizili ahlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili:

• Phina ikhandlela. Ngaphakathi, imikhiqizo enjalo igcwele i-magnesium oxide. Lesi sigcwalisi siqukethe i-spiral eyenziwe nge-alloy yensimbi, i-chromium ne-nickel. Lokhu kuyizinto eziphikisayo, ngenxa yokuthi ikhandlela likwazi ukushisa kakhulu futhi lisebenze isikhathi eside ngaphansi komthwalo onjalo wokushisa;
• Ikhandlela le-Ceramic. Umkhiqizo onjalo unokwethenjelwa kakhulu, ngoba i-ceramics okuvela kuyo ithiphu lekhandlela ingakwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa kuze kufike ku-1000 degrees.

Ukuze uthole ukwethembeka okukhulu, amapulagi akhanyayo angambozwa nge-silicone nitrate.

Izizathu zokwehluleka

Ipulaki ekhanyayo yenjini kadizili ingahluleka ngenxa yezizathu ezimbili:

1. Uma kwenzeka ukungasebenzi kahle kwesistimu ye-fuel, isibonelo, i-relay ye-thermal ehlulekile;
2. Ikhandlela liyisebenzele insiza yalo.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-heater kufanele kwenziwe njalo ngamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-50-75. Ezinye izinhlobo zamakhandlela zingabhekwa kancane - cishe lapho zifinyelela amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-100. Uma udinga ukushintsha ikhandlela elilodwa, kungcono ukufaka esikhundleni sazo zonke izakhi.

Izici ezilandelayo zinethonya ubude besikhathi samakhandlela:

• Ukuvala umlomo. Kulokhu, i-fuel injector ingafaka uphethiloli wejethi esikhundleni sokuwufafaza. Imvamisa indiza yamafutha edizili abandayo ishaya ichopho elishisayo lekhandlela. Ngenxa yamaconsi abukhali anjalo, ithiphu libhujiswa ngokushesha.
• I-Spark plug ifakwe ngokungalungile.
• Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, intambo yekhandlela inamathela kahle entanjeni yekhandlela, okwenza kube nzima ukuyiqeda. Uma ungathathi kusengaphambili intambo ngaphambi kokukhipha ikhandlela, khona-ke umzamo wokusebenzisa amandla ngokuvamile uholela ekuphukeni komkhiqizo.
• I-thermal relay ehlulekile izoholela ekushiseni ngokweqile kwekhoyili yekhandlela. Ngenxa yalokhu, umkhiqizo ungakhubaza noma ushise i-spiral ngokwayo.
• Ukwephulwa kweyunithi yokulawula ye-elekthronikhi, ngenxa yokuthi imodi yokusebenza yamakhandlela izobe ingalungile.

Izimpawu zokungasebenzi kahle kwamapulaki akhanyayo

Izimpawu zama-spark plugs amabi zihlanganisa:

• ukubhujiswa kwethiphu;
• Ukuguqulwa noma ukuvuvukala kweshubhu elikhanyayo;
• Ukwakheka kongqimba olukhulu lwensiza phezulu.

Wonke lawa maphutha atholwa ngokuhlolwa okubonakalayo kwamahitha. Kodwa ukuze unake isimo samakhandlela, udinga ukubhekisisa ukusebenza kweyunithi yamandla. Phakathi kwezinkinga:

• Isiqalo esibandayo esinzima. Kusukela ngesikhathi sesihlanu noma sesithupha imoto iqala (amasilinda ashisa ngenxa yokucindezela okunamandla komoya, kodwa lokhu kuthatha isikhathi eside kakhulu kunalokho lapho umoya ushiswa ngamakhandlela).
• Intuthu eningi evela epayipini lokukhipha umoya. Umbala we-exhaust uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokumhlophe. Isizathu salo mphumela ukuthi ingxube yomoya kanye nophethiloli ayishi ngokuphelele, kodwa isuswa kanye nomusi.
• Ukusebenza okungazinzile kwenjini ebandayo ngokungenzi lutho. Ngokuvamile lokhu kuhambisana nokunyakaziswa kwe-motor, njengokungathi i-troiting. Isizathu ukuthi ikhandlela elilodwa alisebenzi kahle noma alisebenzi nhlobo. Ngenxa yalokhu, ingxube ye-air-fuel kuleyo silinda ayishisi noma ivutha ngokubambezeleka.

Esinye isizathu sokwehluleka ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwamapulaki akhanyayo yimikhiqizo enesici.

Ungahlola kanjani ama-plugs akhanyayo?

Kunezinhlobo ezi-2 zamapulagi wokukhanya:

1. vula cishe njalo lapho injini iqaliswa (ejwayelekile yezimoto ezindala)
2. kungahle kungakhanyi emazingeni okushisa amahle

Ukuze kutholakale ukufudumeza kwangaphambilini kwenjini yedizili, kuyadingeka ukucacisa ukuthi yiliphi igumbi lokushisa elivutha amalangabi, nokuthi hlobo luni lwekhandlela lusetshenziswa induku (isiphikisi sensimbi esetshenziswayo njengezinto zokufudumeza) noma i-ceramic (kusetshenziswa i-powder ceramic heater

Ukuxilongwa kwama-spark plugs enjini kadizili kwenziwa kusetshenziswa:

• ukuhlolwa okubukwayo
• ibhethri (isivinini nekhwalithi ye-incandescence)
• umhloli (ngekhefu lomoya oshisayo noma ukumelana kwawo)
• izibani zokukhanya (ngekhefu entweni yokushisa)
• ukukhipha (ngamamodeli amadala wemoto, ngoba kungalimaza i-ECU)

Ukuhlolwa okulula kakhulu ukuhlolwa kokusebenza; esimweni esibandayo, ikhandlela kufanele liqhube lamanje ebangeni lika-0,6-4,0 ohms. Uma kungenzeka ukufinyelela amakhandlela, khona-ke noma iyiphi idivayisi iyakwazi ukuhlola ikhefu (ukumelana kuyoba okungapheli). Uma kukhona induction (non-contact) ammeter, ungakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kokukhipha inhlansi plugs enjinini. Uma wonke amakhandlela ehlulekile ngesikhathi esisodwa, khona-ke kuyadingeka futhi ukuhlola i-relay yokulawula amakhandlela kanye nezifunda zayo.

Ungawabheka kanjani amapulaki akhanyayo ngaphandle kokuqaqa (enjinini)

Abanye abashayeli bezimoto, bengafuni ukukhulula amakhandlela ukuze bangawalimazi futhi basheshise inqubo, zama ukuhlola ukusebenza kwama-heater ngaphandle kokuwakhipha enjini. Okuwukuphela kwento engahlolwa ngale ndlela ubuqotho bocingo lwamandla (ingabe kukhona i-voltage ekhandlelani noma cha).

Ukwenza lokhu, ungasebenzisa isibani sokukhanyisa noma isihloli kumodi yokudayela. Idizayini yamanye amayunithi amandla ikuvumela ukuthi ubone ukuthi ikhandlela elilodwa liyasebenza yini. Ukwenza lokhu, i-injector kaphethiloli ayikulungi futhi ngomthombo wayo ibheka ukuthi ikhandlela liyakhanya yini ngokuvutha noma cha.

Indlela yokuhlola ipulaki elikhanyayo ngelambu lokukhanya

Le ndlela ayikho kuzo zonke izimo ezifundisa ngokwanele ukusungula ukungasebenzi kwekhandlela elithile. Ukwenza inqubo, isibani esincane esingu-12-volt nezintambo ezimbili zanele.

intambo eyodwa ixhuma kokukodwa kwebulb kanye nakwitheminali ephozithivu yebhethri. Intambo yesibili ixhunywe kokunye othintana naye isibani futhi ixhunywe esikhundleni sentambo yokunikeza ipulaki elikhanyayo. Uma ikhandlela likhululiwe emthonjeni, umzimba walo kufanele uthinte itheminali enegethivu yebhethri.

Ngekhandlela elisebenzayo (ikhoyili yokushisa iphelele), ukukhanya kufanele kukhanye. Kodwa le ndlela ikuvumela ukuthi unqume kuphela ubuqotho bekhoyili yokushisa. Mayelana nokuthi isebenza ngempumelelo kanjani, le ndlela ngeke isho. Ngokungaqondile kuphela lokhu kuzoboniswa ukukhanya okufiphele kwesibani.

Ungawahlola kanjani ama-plugs akhanyayo nge-multimeter

I-multimeter isethwe kumodi yokulinganisa ukumelana. Intambo yamandla iyakhishwa ekhandlelani. Lokhu kungaba ucingo olulodwa noma ibhasi elivamile kuwo wonke amakhandlela (kulokhu, ibhasi lonke lisusiwe).

I-probe enhle ye-multimeter ixhunywe ekugcineni kwe-electrode ephakathi kwekhandlela. I-probe engalungile ixhunywe emzimbeni wekhandlela (eceleni). Uma i-heater ishiswa, inaliti ye-multimeter ngeke iphambuke (noma azikho izinombolo ezizovela esibukweni). Kulokhu, ikhandlela kufanele lishintshwe.

Isici esihle kufanele sibe nokumelana okuthile. Ngokuya ngezinga lokushisa kwe-spiral, le nkomba izokhula, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamanje kuzokwehla. Kukule ndawo lapho iyunithi yokulawula ye-elekthronikhi ezinjini zesimanje iqondiswe khona.

Uma ama-plugs akhanyayo engalungile, ukumelana kwawo kuzoba phezulu, ngakho-ke i-amperage izokwehla ngaphambi kwesikhathi, futhi i-ECU izovala ama-plugs ngaphambi kokuba umoya kumasilinda ufudumele ngokwanele. Ezicini ezisebenzisekayo, inkomba yokumelana kufanele ibe ku-0.7-1.8 ohms.

Enye indlela yokuhlola amakhandlela nge-multimeter ukukala okwamanje okudliwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, i-multimeter ixhunywe ochungechungeni (imodi ye-ammeter isethiwe), okungukuthi, phakathi kwe-electrode ephakathi kwekhandlela kanye nocingo lokuhlinzeka.

Okulandelayo, injini iqala. Emasekhondini ambalwa okuqala, i-multimeter izobonisa amandla aphezulu wamanje, njengoba ukumelana ku-spiral kuncane. Lapho ifudumala kakhulu, ukumelana kwayo kuzoba mkhulu futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamanje kuzokwehla. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, ukufundwa kwamandla asetshenzisiwe kufanele kushintshe kahle, ngaphandle kokugxuma.

Isheke lenziwa kukhandlela ngalinye ngaphandle kokulihlehlisa emoteni. Ukuze ukwazi ukunquma isici esinephutha, ukufundwa kwe-multimeter kukhandlela ngalinye kufanele kuqoshwe bese kuqhathaniswa. Uma zonke izakhi zisebenza, izinkomba kufanele zifane ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ihlola amapulaki akhanyayo ngebhethri

Le ndlela izobonisa isithombe esicacile sokusebenza kwekhandlela. Ikuvumela ukuthi ubone ukuthi ikhandlela lishisa kangakanani. Ukuhlola kufanele kwenziwe ezintweni ezingakhiqiwe enjinini. Lesi yisici esibalulekile sokuxilonga okunjalo. Ukwakhiwa kwamanye ama-motor akuvumeli ukudilizwa kalula kwamakhandlela.

Ukuze uhlole ama-heaters, uzodinga ucingo oluqinile. Ukusikwa okungamasentimitha angama-50 kuphela kwanele. Ikhandlela liyaphendulwa bese i-electrode emaphakathi ibekwa kutheminali ephozithivu yebhethri. Intambo ixhuma uhlangothi lomzimba wekhandlela netheminali enegethivu. Njengoba ikhandlela elisebenzayo kufanele lishise kakhulu, ngenxa yokuphepha kufanele libanjwe ngamapulangwe, hhayi ngezandla ezingenalutho.

Ekhandlelani elisebenzisekayo, ithiphu izokhanya ngesigamu nangaphezulu. Uma kuphela ithiphu le-heater liphenduka libomvu, khona-ke ikhandlela alishisi ngokuphumelelayo umoya ongena ku-cylinder. Ngakho-ke, i-elementi kufanele ishintshwe kufakwe entsha. Uma, ngemva kokushintshwa kokugcina kwamakhandlela, imoto isihambe cishe amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-50, khona-ke udinga ukushintsha yonke isethi.

Ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo kwamapulaki akhanyayo

Njengesimo se-spark plugs enjini kaphethiloli, ukungasebenzi kahle kwenjini ngokwayo, uhlelo lukaphethiloli, njll. kunganqunywa isimo samapulaki akhanyayo eyunithi yedizili.

Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuhlola amakhandlela, udinga ukuqiniseka ukuthi ahlanganiswe ngokuqinile emithonjeni. Uma kungenjalo, ukuthintana kabi ne-motor casing kungase kubangele ukuthi izifudumezi zisebenze kabi.

Njengoba izinto zokushisa zintekenteke kakhulu, lapho ufaka amakhandlela, kubalulekile ukubheka i-torque efanele yokuqinisa, ekhonjiswe etafuleni:

Ububanzi bomucu, mm:	I-torque yokuqinisa, Nm:
8	8-15
10	15-20
12	20-25
14	20-25
18	20-30

Futhi leli thebula libonisa i-torque eqinisayo yamantongomane okuxhumana:

Ububanzi bomucu, mm:	I-torque yokuqinisa, Nm:
4 (M4)	0.8-1.5
5 (M5)	3.0-4.0

Ipulaki elikhanyayo kufanele lihlakazwe uma ukuhlolwa nge-multimeter kukhombisa ukungasebenzi kahle.

Ithiphu yokugeleza kabusha

Kunezizathu ezimbalwa zalokhu kwehluleka:

1. Ukucindezelwa okuphansi noma ukuthungela sekwephuzile kubangela ukuthi ithiphu lishise ngokweqile;
2. Umjovo wamafutha wangaphambi kwesikhathi;
3. Ukulimala kwe-valve yokucindezela yesistimu kaphethiloli. Kulokhu, injini izosebenza nomsindo ongewona owemvelo. Ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi inkinga iku-valve yokucindezela, inadi likaphethiloli liyakhishwa ngenjini egijima. Kusukela ngaphansi kwayo ngeke kuhambe uphethiloli, kodwa igwebu.
4. Ukwephulwa kwe-atomization kaphethiloli ngenxa yokuvala isokhethi yombhobho. Ukusebenza kwama-injection kaphethiloli kuhlolwa endaweni ekhethekile, okukuvumela ukuthi ubone ukuthi ithoshi lakhiwa kanjani ku-cylinder.

ukukhubazeka kwe-spark plug

Uma izinkinga ngamakhandlela zivela nge-mileage encane yemoto, khona-ke ukukhubazeka kwabo ngendlela yokuvuvukala komzimba, iminonjana yokushisa ngokweqile noma imifantu kungacasulwa:

1. Ukuhluleka kwe-relay eshisayo. Ngenxa yokuthi alicimi ikhandlela isikhathi eside, liyashisa (ithiphu lizoqhekeka noma liqhume).
2. Ukwenyuka kwamandla kagesi ohlelweni lwe-on-board yemoto (ithiphu lizovuvukala). Lokhu kungenzeka uma ipulaki engu-24-volt ifakwe kunethiwekhi ye-12-volt ngephutha. Futhi, inkinga efanayo ingabangelwa ukusebenza okungalungile kwejeneretha.
3. Umjovo kaphethiloli ongalungile (kuzoba khona ungqimba olukhulu lwe-soot ekhandlelani). Isizathu salokhu singase sibe i-nozzle evalekile, ngenxa yokuthi uphethiloli awufuthwanga, kodwa ugoqa ngqo phezulu kwekhandlela. Futhi, inkinga ingase ibe ekusebenzeni okungalungile kweyunithi yokulawula (amaphutha okwamanje noma imodi yesifutho).

Indlela yokuhlola ipulaki ekhanyayo edluliselwe

Kuyadingeka ukunaka ukusebenza kwe-relay eshisayo, noma ngabe ukufakwa kwamakhandlela amasha akuzange kusize ukuqeda ukuqala okunzima kwenjini ebandayo. Kodwa ngaphambi kokushintsha izakhi ezibizayo zesistimu yokushisa komoya, kufanele uhlole isimo samafuse - angavele aqhume.

I-relay eshisayo enjinini yedizili iyadingeka ukuze uvule / uvale ama-heater. Uma umshayeli ephendula ukhiye eswishini yokuvutha ukuze avule isistimu yemoto esebhodini, kuzozwakala ukuchofoza okuhlukile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-relay ye-thermal isebenzile - ivule amakhandlela ukufudumala i-pre-chamber yekhanda le-cylinder.

Uma ukuchofoza kungezwanga, khona-ke ukudluliselwa akuzange kusebenze. Kodwa lokhu akusho ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi idivayisi inephutha. Inkinga ingase ibe emaphutheni eyunithi yokulawula, ekugijimeni kwe-wiring, ukwehluleka kwezinzwa zokushisa zesistimu yokupholisa (konke lokhu kuncike ohlotsheni lweyunithi yamandla kanye ne-on-board auto system).

Uma, lapho ukhiye uphendulwa ku-switch ye-ignition, isithonjana esivunguzayo esilungisiwe asikhanyi, khona-ke lesi yisibonakaliso sokuqala sokuhluleka kwesinye sezinzwa ezisohlwini noma i-fuse.

Ukuze uhlole ukusebenza kwe-relay eshisayo, udinga ukwazi ukufunda kahle umdwebo odwetshwe kukesi ledivayisi, njengoba ukudluliselwa ngakunye kungase kuhluke. Umdwebo ubonisa uhlobo loxhumana nabo (othintana nabo abalawulayo nabasongayo). I-voltage engu-12 volts isetshenziswa ku-relay, futhi isifunda phakathi kokulawula kanye nokuxhumana okusongayo kuvaliwe kusetshenziswa isibani sokuhlola. Uma i-relay Kulungile, ukukhanya kuzokhanya. Uma kungenjalo, ikhoyili yasha (imvamisa lena inkinga).

I-Diesel Glow Plug Hlola Ngokushesha

Ividiyo, kusetshenziswa i-Citroen Berlingo (Peugeot Partner) njengesibonelo, ikhombisa ukuthi ungathola kanjani ngokushesha ipulaki yenhlansi ephukile:

Indlela elula neshesha kakhulu yokuhlola amapulaki akhanyayo enjinini kadizili

Le ndlela futhi ikuvumela kuphela ukuthi uthole ukuthi kukhona ukuphuka ku-spiral filament. Mayelana nokuthi ukushisa kusebenza kanjani ngokuphumelelayo, le ndlela ayikuvumeli ukuthi usungule. Kuyafaneleka futhi ukucabangela ukuthi ezinjini zesimanje ze-diesel ezifakwe iyunithi yokulawula i-electronic, le ndlela akufanele isetshenziswe, ngoba ikhompyutha ingakhutshazwa.

Amathiphu Wokukhetha Ama-Glow Plugs

Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi imodeli efanayo yemoto ingafakwa ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zamayunithi amandla, amapulaki akhanyayo ezinjini ezinjalo zedizili angase ahluke. Kufanele futhi kukhunjulwe ukuthi ngobunikazi bamamodeli amaningi ahlobene avela kubakhiqizi abahlukene, ama-heaters angase ahluke ngobukhulu.

Ukuze ugweme ukufakwa okungalungile noma ukulimala okusheshayo kumapulaki akhanyayo, kuyadingeka ukukhetha izingxenye ezinjalo njengoba umkhiqizi encoma. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuthola inketho efanele ukubheka amakhandlela ngenombolo ye-VIN. Ngakho-ke ungakhetha ngokunembile ipulaki ye-spark engeke ifanele ukufakwa kuphela, kodwa izophinde ihambisane neyunithi yokulawula kanye nesistimu kagesi yemoto.

Lapho ukhetha ama-plugs amasha akhanyayo, udinga ukuwacabangela:

1. Ubukhulu;
2. Uhlobo lokuxhuma ohlelweni lukagesi;
3. Isivinini kanye nobude bomsebenzi;
4. I-geometry yethiphu yokushisa.

Imiyalo yokuzishintsha kwamapulaki akhanyayo

Ukuze ubuyisele amapulaki akhanyayo ngokwakho, uzodinga:

• Isokhethi nokusonta;
• I-ratchet yekhanda;
• Izimpuphu;
• Isikulufi;
• Amagilavu;
• Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye namafutha e-graphite.

Inqubo imi kanje:

1. I-plastic casing ikhishwa ku-motor (uma kukhona into efanayo ngaphezu kwe-motor);
2. Ibhethri livaliwe;
3. Intambo yokuhlinzeka inqanyuliwe (igoqwe nge-nati ku-electrode emaphakathi yekhandlela);
4. Hlanza indlu yezimoto eduze kwemithombo ye-spark plug ukuze udoti ungangeni kumasilinda ngesikhathi sokudilizwa noma ukufakwa kwamapulaki amasha;
5. Amakhandlela amadala akhishwe ngokucophelela;
6. Hlanza intambo uma ingcolile. Ukuze uvimbele udoti ukuthi ungangeni kusilinda, ungasebenzisa isicoci semoto kanye nebhulashi eliqinile (hhayi okwensimbi);
7. Ukugcoba kuyasiza ukwenza lula ukufakwa kwekhandlela emthonjeni ukuze intambo inganqamuki uma kukhona ukugqwala emthonjeni.

Uma kudingekile ukushintsha ikhandlela elilodwa noma amabili, khona-ke isethi yonke isadinga ukushintshwa. Ngakho-ke ngeke kudingeke ukuba kwenziwe umsebenzi wokudiliza lapho ikhandlela elidala elilandelayo lihluleka. Kufanele futhi uqede imbangela yokuhluleka kwekhandlela ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Ividiyo ngesihloko

Sengiphetha, ividiyo emfushane mayelana namapulagi akhanyayo enjini kadizili:

Injini Kadizili INGAWAFAKA KANJANI Ama-Glow Plug / Ama-Diesel Glow Plugs

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Ungawahlola kanjani amakhandlela ngaphandle kokuwakhipha? Lokhu kudinga i-voltmeter (imodi ku-multimeter) noma i-bulb engu-12-volt. Kodwa lokhu kuyisheke lokuqala kuphela. Akunakwenzeka ukuyihlola ngokuphelele ngaphandle kokuyikhulula ku-motor.

Ungabheka kanjani ukuthi amapulaki akhanyayo athola amandla? Ukuhola kwesibani se-12-volt kuxhunywe ebhethri (itheminali +), futhi othintana naye wesibili uxhunywe ngqo kupulaki yepulaki (umthofu omuhle wepulaki kufanele unqanyulwe).

Wazi kanjani uma ama-glow plugs engasebenzi? Kuvela intuthu enzima ekuqaleni okubandayo. Ngenkathi injini isezingeni lokushisa elisebenzayo, yenza umsindo omkhulu. Injini evuthayo yangaphakathi ebandayo ayizinzile. Amandla ancishisiwe noma ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli.