Abakhi bangaphambilini: abakhiqizi bezimoto bangumlando

Ukwakha imoto kunzima. Ukudala izimoto eziningi abantu abazofuna ukukunika imali ngazo kunzima kakhulu. Selokhu kwasungulwa le moto, kuye kwasungulwa amakhulu ezinkampani ezikhiqiza izimoto zaphinde zagqekezwa. Abanye balaba bakhi babekhazimula nje, kanti abanye banemishini "eyayingaphandle kwebhokisi", ngaphambi kwesikhathi sabo, noma nje kubi kakhulu; njenge-Pontiac LeMans yango-1988 okungenzeka ukuthi ngeke ibe yinto yomqoqi.

Naphezu kwezizathu zokwehluleka, abanye abakhiqizi bakhanya ngokugqamile, futhi izimoto zabo zihlala namuhla ziyifa lesitayela, emisha kanye nokusebenza. Naba ababengabakhi abenze izimoto ezimangalisayo.

I-Studebaker

I-Studebaker, njengenkampani, ilandelela umsuka wayo emuva ku-1852. Phakathi kuka-1852 no-1902, inkampani yayidume kakhulu ngezinqola zayo ezidonswa ngamahhashi, izinqola nezinqola kunanoma yini ehlobene nezimoto zakuqala.

Ngo-1902, inkampani yakhiqiza imoto yayo yokuqala, imoto kagesi, futhi ngo-1904, imoto yokuqala enenjini kaphethiloli. Kwenziwe eSouth Bend, e-Indiana, izimoto ze-Studebaker zazaziwa ngesitayela sazo, ukunethezeka kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu yokwakha. Ezinye zezimoto ezidumile ze-Studebaker ongaziqoqa i-Avanti, i-Golden Hawk ne-Speedster.

UPackard

I-Packard Motor Car Company yaziwa emhlabeni wonke ngezimoto zayo zokunethezeka neziwubukhazikhazi. Idalwe e-Detroit, umkhiqizo waqhudelana ngempumelelo nabakhiqizi base-Europe abafana ne-Rolls-Royce kanye ne-Mercedes-Benz. Yasungulwa ngo-1899, inkampani yayihlonishwa kakhulu ngokudala izimoto zikanokusho nezithembekile. UPackard ubuye adume ngokuba wumsunguli wemoto kanti ubeyimoto yokuqala enenjini enguV12, air conditioning nesiteringi sokuqala sesimanje.

I-Packards yayiyisibonelo sokuklama nobungcweti baseMelika ngobuhle bayo. Ngo-1954, uPackard wahlangana no-Studebaker ukuze aqhubeke nokuncintisana ne-Ford kanye ne-GM. Ngeshwa, lokhu kwaphela kabi kuPackard futhi imoto yokugcina yakhiqizwa ngo-1959.

DeSoto

I-DeSoto kwakuwuphawu olwasungulwa futhi luphethwe yi-Chrysler Corporation ngo-1928. Iqanjwe ngomhloli wamazwe wase-Spain u-Hernando de Soto, lolu hlobo lwenzelwe ukuncintisana no-Oldsmobile, uStudebaker kanye no-Hudson njengomkhiqizo wentengo emaphakathi.

Ngesinye isikhathi, izimoto zeDeSoto zazinezici ezihlukile. Kusukela ngo-1934 kuya ku-1936, inkampani yanikeza i-Airflow, i-coupe ehlelekile ne-sedan eyayisasele amashumi eminyaka ngaphambi kwesikhathi sayo ngokuya nge-aerodynamics yezimoto. IDeSoto iphinde yaba yinkampani yokuqala yezimoto ukunikela ngomjovo kaphethiloli we-elekthronikhi (EFI) ezimotweni zayo ngo-1958. Lobu buchwepheshe bubonakale busebenza kahle kakhulu kunomjovo kaphethiloli oyimishini futhi bavula indlela yezimoto ezilawulwa ngogesi esihamba ngazo namuhla.

Okulandelayo kuzoba ihlumela leFord elihlulekile!

U-Edsel

Inkampani yemoto yakwa-Edsel yathatha iminyaka emi-3 kuphela, kusukela ngo-1956 kuya ku-1959. Inkampani engaphansi kwaFord ikhokhiswe "imoto yesikhathi esizayo" futhi yathembisa ukunikeza amakhasimende impilo esezingeni eliphezulu, esesitayeleni. Ngeshwa lezi zimoto azizange zihambisane ne-hype, kwathi uma ziqala, zathathwa njengezimbi futhi zibiza kakhulu.

Le nkampani iqanjwe ngendodana kaHenry Ford u-Edsel Ford. Lapho inkampani ivala ngo-1960, kwakuyisithombe sokuwa kwebhizinisi. I-Edsel ibonakala inokuhleka kokugcina, njengoba umjikelezo omfushane wokukhiqiza kanye nomthamo ophansi wokukhiqiza wezimoto ubenza babe yigugu kakhulu emakethe yabaqoqi.

Duesenberg

IDuesenberg Motors yasungulwa eSaint Paul, eMinnesota ngo-1913. Ekuqaleni, inkampani yakhiqiza izinjini nezimoto zomjaho eziwine kathathu i-Indianapolis 500. Zonke izimoto zazakhiwe ngesandla futhi zithole idumela elihle lekhwalithi ephezulu yokwakha nokunethezeka.

Ifilosofi kaDuesenberg embonini yezimoto yayinezingxenye ezintathu: kwakufanele isheshe, ibe nkulu, futhi ibe ukunethezeka. Baqhudelana neRolls-Royce, Mercedes-Benz neHispano-Suiza. I-Duesenbergs yayivame ukugitsheliswa abantu abacebile, abanamandla kanye nezihlabani zamabhayisikobho zaseHollywood. Imoto yaseMelika eyivelakancane nebaluleke kakhulu eyake yenziwa yiDuesenberg SSJ yango-1935. Kwenziwa izimoto ezimbili kuphela ezingamahhashi angu-400 futhi kwakungezakwaClark Gable noGary Cooper.

Umcibisholo Wezikhonkwane

Umkhiqizi wezimoto zikanokusho uPierce-Arrow ulandelela umlando wakhe emuva ku-1865, kodwa akazange enze imoto yakhe yokuqala kwaze kwaba ngu-1901. Ngo-1904, inkampani yayisigxilile ekukhiqizeni izimoto zikanokusho ezisezingeni eliphezulu zamakhasimende acebile, kuhlanganise nomongameli base-US. Ngo-1909, uMongameli Taft wayala ukuthi ama-Pierce-Arrows amabili asetshenziselwe ibhizinisi elisemthethweni likahulumeni, okwenza kube izimoto zokuqala "ezisemthethweni" ze-White House.

Ayikho enye indawo yokuthutha, futhi iPierce-Arrows yakuqala yasebenzisa injini engu-11.7-litre noma 13.5-litre ukuthola abantu ababalulekile phakathi kwezindawo okuyiwa kuzo kalula. Imoto yokugcina bekuyi-1933 Silver Arrow, okuyimoto esesitayeleni ngendlela emangalisayo okwakhiwe kuyo ezinhlanu kuphela.

I-Saab

Kunzima ukungawuthandi umkhiqizi wezimoto wase-Swedish oxakile futhi oxakayo i-Saab - indlela yabo eyingqayizivele nentsha ezimotweni isithuthuke kakhulu izici zokuphepha ezimbalwa kanye nobuchwepheshe obuthuthukile. Idizayini yabo nezimoto azisoze zadidwa nanoma yini emgwaqeni.

I-Saab AB yasungulwa ngo-1937 njengenkampani yezindiza nezokuvikela, futhi ingxenye yezimoto yenkampani yaqala ngo-1945. Izimoto bezilokhu zithola ugqozi endizeni yenkampani, kodwa iSaab yaziwa kangcono ngezinjini zayo ezikhethayo, okuhlanganisa nezi-2. izinjini ze-piston V4, ukwethulwa kwazo kokuqala kwe-turbocharging ngawo-1970. Ngeshwa, i-Saab yavala ngo-2012.

I-automaker yase-Italy eyasebenzisa izinjini ze-Chevy iseduze kakhulu!

Iso Autoveikoli Spa

I-Iso Autoveicoli, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Iso Motors noma i-"Iso" nje, yayingumshini wezimoto wase-Italy owakhiqiza izimoto nezithuthuthu kusukela ngo-1953. eyakhiwe nguBertone. Ayibi ngcono kakhulu kunalokhu!

I-Iso Grifo 7 litri emangalisayo yango-1968 yayihamba ngenjini iChevrolet 427 Tri-Power V8 enamandla angu-435 kanye nesivinini esiphezulu esingu-186 mph. Okumangazayo ukuthi imoto ephumelele kakhulu eyakhiwa i-Iso kwakuyimoto encane ebizwa nge-Isetta. I-Iso yaklama futhi yathuthukisa imoto ye-bubble encane futhi yanikeza ilayisense lemoto kwabanye abakhiqizi.

U-Austin-Healey

Umkhiqizi odumile wezimoto zezemidlalo waseBrithani u-Austin-Healey wasungulwa ngo-1952 njengebhizinisi elihlanganyelwe phakathi kuka-Austin, inkampani engaphansi kweBritish Motor Company, kanye neDon Healey Motor Company. Ngemva konyaka, ngo-1953, inkampani yakhiqiza imoto yayo yokuqala yezemidlalo, i-BN1 Austin-Healey 100.

Amandla avela enjinini enamasilinda angu-90 enamandla amahhashi futhi ayemahle ngokwanele ukuqhubekisela i-roadster eyi-svelte isivinini esiphezulu esingu-106 mph. I-Motorsport yilapho izimoto zezemidlalo zase-Austin-Healey zikhanya khona ngempela, futhi i-marque ibe yimpumelelo emhlabeni wonke futhi yaze yabeka amarekhodi amaningana ejubane lezwe laseBonneville. I-"big" Healey, i-Model 3000, iyimoto yezemidlalo evelele kakhulu yase-Austin-Healey futhi namuhla ibhekwa njengenye yezimoto zezemidlalo ezinkulu zaseBrithani.

Igumbi

ILaSalle ibiyingxenye yeGeneral Motors eyasungulwa ngo-1927 ukuze izibeke endaweni yemakethe phakathi kwamaCadillacs aphambili namaBuicks. Izimoto zeLaSalle beziwubukhazikhazi, zikhululekile, futhi zinesitayela, kodwa zithengeka kakhulu kunozakwabo beCadillac. NjengeCadillac, iLaSalle iphinde yethiwe ngomhloli wamazwe odumile waseFrance, kanti nezimoto zakuqala nazo zaboleka isitayela ezimotweni zaseYurophu.

Iminikelo kaLaSalle yacatshangelwa kahle, yamukelwa kahle, futhi yanikeza u-GM imoto eseduze yokunethezeka ukuze bayengeze kuphothifoliyo yabo. Mhlawumbe isimangalo esikhulu sikaLaSalle sodumo ukuthi kwakuyikhefu elikhulu lomklami wezimoto u-Harley Earle. Waklama i-LaSalle yokuqala futhi wachitha iminyaka engu-30 e-GM, ekugcineni engamele wonke umsebenzi wokuklama wenkampani.

I-Markos Engineering LLC

IMarcos Engineering yasungulwa eNyakatho Wales ngo-1958 nguJem Marsh noFrank Costin. Igama elithi Marcos livela ezinhlamvini ezintathu zokuqala zesibongo ngasinye. Izimoto zokuqala zazine-laminated marine plywood chassis, iminyango ye-gullwing futhi zaziklanyelwe ngqo umjaho. Izimoto bezilula, ziqinile, zishesha futhi zigijima yinganekwane yesikhathi esizayo ye-F1 uSir Jackie Stewart, uJackie Oliver kanye no-Le Mans omkhulu uDerek Bell.

UMarcos wahlala engumkhiqizi we-niche kuze kube ngu-2007 lapho izimoto zikhombisa ukuthi ziyashesha futhi zincintisana ngokwedlulele emjahweni wezimoto zezemidlalo kodwa azizange zizuze impumelelo yomgwaqo eyavumela inkampani ukuthi ihlale yenza inzuzo.

I-Wisconsin yokuqala elandelayo!

Nash Motors

I-Nash Motors yasungulwa ngo-1916 e-Kenosha, eWisconsin ukuze ilethe emisha nobuchwepheshe emakethe yezimoto eshibhile. U-Nash wayezophayona imiklamo yezimoto ezibiza kancane enocezu olulodwa, izinhlelo zesimanje zokushisisa nezokungenisa umoya, izimoto ezihlangene, namabhande ezihlalo.

UNash wasinda njengenkampani ehlukile kwaze kwaba ngu-1954, lapho ihlanganiswa ne-Hudson yakha i-American Motors (AMC). Enye yezidalwa ezidume kakhulu zikaNash kwakuyimoto yeMetropolitan. Kwakuyimoto encane eyongayo eyaqala ngo-1953, lapho abakhiqizi bezimoto baseMelika abaningi bekholelwa kufilosofi "enkulu engcono". I-Metropolitan enciphayo yakhelwe eYurophu kuphela emakethe yaseMelika.

I-Pegasus

Umkhiqizi waseSpain uPegaso waqala ukukhiqiza amaloli, ogandaganda nezimoto zempi ngo-1946, kodwa wanda ngo-102 ngemoto yezemidlalo ye-Z-1951 ehlaba umxhwele. Ukukhiqizwa kwaqala ngo-1951 kuya ku-1958, nengqikithi yezimoto ezingu-84 ezenziwe ngezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ezikhethekile.

I-Z-102 ibitholakala nohlu lwezinjini ezisukela ku-175 kuya ku-360 amahhashi. Ngo-1953, i-102-litre Z-2.8 eshajwe kakhulu yephula irekhodi lamakhilomitha ngokusheshisa isivinini esimaphakathi esingu-151 mph. Lokhu bekwanele ukulenza libe imoto yokukhiqiza esheshayo emhlabeni ngaleso sikhathi. I-Pegaso, njengenkampani, iqhubekile nokukhiqiza amaloli, amabhasi nezimoto zamasosha kwaze kwaba kuvalwa ngo-1994.

ITalbot-Lago

Ukusungulwa kwenkampani yezimoto i-Talbot-Lago yinde, ididekile, futhi iyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa lokho akunandaba. Inkathi ehlotshaniswa kakhulu nobukhulu benkampani iqala lapho u-Antonio Lago ethatha izintambo zenkampani yezimoto iTalbot ngo-1936. Ngokusebenzisa inketho yokuthenga, u-Antonio Lago uhlela kabusha i-Talbot ukuze yakhe i-Talbot-Lago, inkampani yezimoto egxile emijahweni nezimoto zikanokusho. kwamanye amaklayenti acebe kakhulu emhlabeni.

Izimoto ziqhubekile nokugijima e-Le Mans nase-Europe yonkana, zazuza udumo olufana ne-Bugatti lwezimoto ezisebenza kahle, eziwubukhazikhazi, ezakhiwe ngesandla. Imoto edume kakhulu ngokungangabazeki i-T-1937-S, imodeli yonyaka we-150.

Ikhemisi

Kunezimoto ezimbalwa kanye nama-automaker amaningana anomlando ongamesha okaTucker. U-Preston Tucker waqala ukusebenza ngemoto entsha nentsha ngokuphelele ngo-1946. Umqondo wawuwukuguqula ukwakhiwa kwezimoto, kodwa inkampani kanye nendoda ephethe, u-Preston Tucker, bahileleke emibonweni yozungu, uphenyo lwe-U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, kanye nenkulumompikiswano engapheli yabezindaba. kanye nomphakathi.

Imoto eyakhiqizwa, iTucker 48, kwakuyimoto yangempela. Inikwe amandla injini yendiza enophephela emhlane eguquliwe, i-5.4-litre flat-six ikhiqize amandla amahhashi angu-160 nge-torque engu-372 lb-ft emangalisayo. Le njini ibingemuva emotweni, eyenza injini yangemuva engu-48 kanye namasondo angemuva.

Inkampani ye-Triumph Motor

Imvelaphi kaTriumph isukela ngo-1885 lapho uSiegfried Bettmann eqala ukungenisa amabhayisikili evela e-Europe futhi ewadayisa eLondon ngaphansi kwegama elithi "Triumph". Ibhayisikili lokuqala le-Triumph lakhiqizwa ngo-1889 kanye nesithuthuthu sokuqala ngo-1902. Kwaze kwaba ngo-1923 lapho kwathengiswa khona imoto yokuqala ye-Triumph, i-10/20.

Ngenxa yezinkinga zezezimali, ingxenye yesithuthuthu yebhizinisi yathengiswa ngo-1936 futhi iseyinkampani ehluke ngokuphelele kuze kube yilolu suku. Ibhizinisi lezimoto lika-Triumph lavuselelwa ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II futhi lakhiqiza ezinye zezimoto ezihamba phambili zaseBrithani nezimoto zezemidlalo zosuku lwalo. I-TR2, TR3, Spitfire, TR6, TR7 yisithonjana sabashayeli bemigwaqo baseBrithani, kodwa bebengenele ukugcina uhlobo luphila ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Umkhiqizo olandelayo wawa ngesikhathi Sokuwohloka Okukhulu Kwezomnotho.

I-Willys-Overland Motors

UWillys-Overland njengenkampani waqala ngo-1908 lapho uJohn Willis ethenga i-Overland Automotive. Emashumini amabili eminyaka okuqala ekhulu lama-20, uWillys-Overland wayengumkhiqizi wezimoto wesibili ngobukhulu e-US, ngemuva kweFord. Impumelelo yokuqala enkulu kaWillys yafika ekuqaleni kweMpi Yezwe II, lapho baklama futhi bakha iJeep.

I-Willys Coupe, enye ingoma eyashisa izikhotha, bekuyinketho edumile phakathi kwabagijimi abadonsa kanzima futhi ibonakale iphumelele kakhulu emqhudelwaneni we-NHRA. UWillys-Overland wagcina edayiselwe i-American Motors Corporation (AMC). I-AMC ithengwe ngabakwaChrysler, kanti iJeep yodumo ebonakale iyimpumelelo enkampanini isakhiqizwa nanamuhla.

I-Oldsmobile

I-Oldsmobile, eyasungulwa ngabakwa-Ransome E. Olds, kwakuyinkampani yezimoto ephayona eyakha imoto yokuqala ekhiqizwe ngobuningi futhi yasungula umugqa wokuqala wokuhlanganisa izimoto. I-Oldsmobile yayineminyaka engu-11 kuphela njengenkampani ezimele ngesikhathi iGeneral Motors iyithola ngo-1908. I-Oldsmobile yaqhubeka nokusungula futhi yaba ngumkhiqizi wokuqala ukunikeza ukuhanjiswa okuzenzakalelayo ngokugcwele ngo-1940. Ngo-1962 bethula injini ye-Turbo Jetfire, injini yokuqala yokukhiqiza ene-turbocharged.

Ezinye zezimoto ezidume kakhulu ze-Oldsmobile zihlanganisa imoto yemisipha engu-442, i-Vista Cruiser station wagon, i-Toronado, ne-Cutlass. Ngeshwa, umkhiqizo walahlekelwa umbono wawo ngawo-1990 nasekuqaleni kwawo-2000, futhi ngo-2004 iGM yaphela.

Inkampani yeStanley Motor Carriage

Ngo-1897, imoto yokuqala yesitimu yakhiwa amawele uFrancis Stanley noFreelan Stanley. Eminyakeni emithathu eyalandela, bakha futhi bathengisa izimoto ezingaphezu kuka-200, okubenza baba abakhi bezimoto abaphumelela kakhulu e-U.S. ngaleso sikhathi. Ngo-1902, amawele athengisa amalungelo ezimotweni zawo zokuqala eziqhutshwa umusi ukuze aqhudelane neLocomobile, eqhubeka nokwenza izimoto kwaze kwaba ngu-1922. Ngawo lowo nyaka, iStanley Motor Carriage Company yasungulwa ngokusemthethweni.

Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Ngo-1906, imoto kaStanley ene-steam-powered yabeka irekhodi lomhlaba ngemayela elisheshayo ngemizuzwana engama-28.2 ku-127 mph. Ayikho enye imoto esebenzisa umusi engaphula leli rekhodi kuze kube u-2009. IStanley Motors yaphuma ebhizinisini ngo-1924 njengoba izimoto ezisebenza ngophethiloli zazisebenza kahle kakhulu futhi kulula ukuzisebenzisa.

I-Aerocar International

Sonke sasiphupha ngemoto endizayo, kodwa kwakunguMoulton Taylor owafeza lelo phupho ngo-1949. Emgwaqeni, i-Aerocar idonsa amaphiko ahlukanisekayo, umsila, kanye nophephela. Yayisebenza njengemoto edonsa ngamasondo angaphambili futhi ingafinyelela isivinini esingafika kumamayela angu-60 ngehora. Emoyeni, isivinini esiphezulu sasingu-110 mph nebanga lamamayela angu-300 kanye nokuphakama okuphezulu kwamamitha angu-12,000.

I-Aerocar International ayikwazanga ukuthola ama-oda anele okufaka imoto yabo endizayo ekukhiqizeni kanzima, futhi kwakhiwe eziyisithupha kuphela. Bonke abayisithupha baseminyuziyamu noma emaqoqweni angasese futhi iningi labo lisakwazi ukundiza.

Inkampani ye-B.S. Cunningham

Zonke izingxenye zaseMelika, uhlu lozalo lwemijaho kanye nesitayela esigqugquzelwe yi-Europe kwenza izimoto ze-BS Cunningham Company zisheshe ngendlela emangalisayo, ezakhiwe kahle futhi zifanelekele inkanuko. Isungulwe nguBriggs Cunningham, usomabhizinisi ocebile owajaha izimoto zezemidlalo nama-yachts, umgomo kwakuwukudala izimoto zezemidlalo ezenziwe eMelika ezingaqhudelana nezimoto ezihamba phambili eYurophu kokubili emgwaqeni nasendleleni.

Izimoto zokuqala ezikhiqizwe yile nkampani kube yizimoto ezizinikele ze-C2-R ne-C4-R ngo-1951 nango-1952. Kwabe sekufika i-C3 kanokusho, nayo okwakuyimoto yomjaho, kodwa ejwayele ukusetshenziswa emgwaqeni. Imoto yokugcina, i-C6-R racing car, yakhiqizwa ngo-1955 futhi ngenxa yokuthi inkampani yakhiqiza izimoto ezimbalwa ayizange ikwazi ukuqhubeka nokukhiqiza ngemuva kuka-1955.

Excalibur

Isitayela se-Mercedes-Benz SSK futhi yakhelwe ku-Studebaker chassis, i-Excalibur kwakuyimoto yezemidlalo ye-retro engasindi eyaqala ukusebenza ngo-1964. Umklami wezimboni nowezimoto odumile u-Brooks Stevens, ngaleso sikhathi esebenzela i-Studebaker, waklama imoto kodwa wabhekana nezinkinga zezimali. kwa-Studebaker kwakusho ukuthi ukuhlinzekwa kwezinjini namagiya okugijima kufanele kuvele kwenye indawo.

Kwenziwa isivumelwano noGM ukusebenzisa i-Corvette 327cc V8 enamandla amahhashi angu-300. Uma ucabangela ukuthi imoto yayinesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-2100 kuphela, i-Excalibur yayishesha ngokwanele. Zonke izimoto ezingu-3,500 ezakhiwe zenziwa eMilwaukee, eWisconsin, futhi imoto yesitayela se-retro yaqhubeka kwaze kwaba ngu-1986, lapho inkampani iwa.

Isithombo

Inkampani yakwaToyota, iScion, yasungulwa ukuze ihehe isizukulwane esisha sabathengi bezimoto. Lo mkhiqizo ugcizelele ukwenziwa kwesitayela, izimoto ezingabizi futhi ezihlukile, futhi uthembele kakhulu kumaqhinga amaphekula kanye namaqhinga okumaketha ngegciwane. Igama elifanele lenkampani, njengoba igama elithi Scion lisho "inzalo yomndeni ohloniphekile."

Uhlobo lwentsha yethulwa okokuqala ngo-2003 ngamamodeli e-xA ne-xB. Kwabe sekufika i-tC, xD, futhi ekugcineni imoto enkulu yezemidlalo i-FR-S. Lezi zimoto zabelane ngezinjini, ama-transmission kanye no-chassis nohlobo oluningi lwe-Toyota futhi bezisekelwe kakhulu kwiYaris noma kwi-Corolla. Lolu hlobo lwaphinde lwathathwa ngabakwaToyota ngo-2016.

I-Autobianchi

Ngo-1955, umkhiqizi wamabhayisikili nezithuthuthu u-Bianchi wahlangana nenkampani yamasondo i-Pirelli kanye ne-automaker Fiat ukuze bakhe i-Autobianchi. Le nkampani ikhiqize izimoto ezincane ezincanyana kuphela futhi ibiyindawo yokuhlola ye-Fiat yokuhlola imiklamo emisha nemiqondo efana nemizimba ye-fiberglass kanye nokushayela ngamasondo angaphambili.

I-A112, eyethulwa ngo-1969, iseyimoto edume kakhulu ekhiqizwa yi-Autobianchi. Ukukhiqizwa kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba ngu-1986, futhi i-hatchback encane yaziswa ngokuphathwa kahle kwayo, futhi ku-trim ye-Abarth Performance, yaba umjaho omuhle kakhulu we-rally kanye nokukhuphuka kwamagquma. Impumelelo ye-A112 Abarth iholele emqhudelwaneni womuntu oyedwa lapho iningi labashayeli abadumile be-rally base-Italy bacije amakhono abo.

i-mercury

Uhlobo lweMercury, olwakhiwa ngo-1938 ngu-Edsel Ford, lwaluyingxenye yeFord Motor Company okuhloswe ngayo ukuhlala phakathi kwemigqa yemoto yakwaFord neLincoln. Yaqanjwa njengophawu lokungena lwezinga lokunethezeka/i-premium, efana ne-Buick noma i-Oldsmobile.

Ngokungangabazeki imoto engcono kakhulu eyake yenziwa yiMercury kwakuyi-1949CM Series 9. I-coupe enhle yakudala noma i-sedan, isiphenduke intandokazi nesithonjana esishisayo. Kuyaphawuleka futhi ngokuba imoto eshayelwa umlingiswa kaJames Dean. Isiphithiphithi ngaphandle kwesizathu. I-Cougar ne-Marauder nazo kwakuyizimoto ezinkulu ezenziwe yi-Mercury, kodwa izinkinga zobunikazi bomkhiqizo ngeminyaka yawo-2000 zabangela ukuthi i-Ford inqande iMercury ngo-2010.

I-Panhard

Umkhiqizi wezimoto waseFrance uPanhard waqala ukusebenza ngo-1887 futhi wayengomunye wabakhiqizi bokuqala bezimoto emhlabeni. Le nkampani, ngaleso sikhathi eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Panhard et Levassor, yayiyingqalabutho ekwakhiweni kwezimoto futhi yabeka izindinganiso eziningi zezimoto ezisasetshenziswa nanamuhla.

IPanhard kube yimoto yokuqala eyenza i-clutch pedal ukusebenzisa u-gearbox futhi isezingeni enjinini edonsa ngamasondo angemuva. I-Panhard Rod, ukumiswa kwangemuva okuvamile, yasungulwa yinkampani. Lesi sithenjwa sisasetshenziswa nanamuhla ezimotweni zesimanje nasezimotweni zesitoko ze-NASCAR ezibhekisela kuzo njengama-trackbar.

I-Plymouth

IPlymouth yethulwa ngo-1928 ngabakwaChrysler njengohlobo lwezimoto ezingabizi. Iminyaka yawo-1960 nawo-1970 kwakuyinkathi yegolide ku-Plymouth njengoba babedlala indima enkulu emjahweni wezimoto zemisipha, umjaho wokuhudula kanye nomjaho wezimoto ezinamamodeli afana ne-GTX, i-Barracuda, i-Road Runner, i-Fury, i-Duster kanye nenyoni epholile ehlekisayo. .

I-Plymouth yazama ukubuyisa udumo lwayo lwangaphambili ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yawo-1990 ngePlymouth Prowler kodwa yehluleka njengoba imoto yayibukeka kodwa ingezona izici ze-retro hot rod ezazikhuthaza ukwakheka kwayo. Lo mkhiqizo uyekwa ngokusemthethweni ngo-2001.

Saturn

ISaturn, “uhlobo oluhlukile lwenkampani yezimoto,” njengoba isiqubulo sabo sisho, yasungulwa ngo-1985 iqembu labaphathi bangaphambili beGM. Umqondo bekuwukudala indlela entsha ngokuphelele yokwenza nokudayisa izimoto, kugxilwe kuma-sedan amancane nama-coupes. Naphezu kokuba inkampani engaphansi kwe-GM, inkampani yayihlukene kakhulu.

Ngo-1990, imoto yokuqala ye-Saturn, i-SL2, yakhululwa. Ngomklamo wabo wesikhathi esizayo kanye namaphaneli omzimba wepulasitiki abamba umthelela, ama-Saturn okuqala athole ukubuyekezwa okuningi okuhle futhi abukeka njengezimbangi ezisemthethweni ze-Honda ne-Toyota. Kodwa-ke, i-GM ihlale ihlanjululwe umkhiqizo ngokuthuthukiswa kwamabheji, futhi ngo-2010 iSaturn yashabalala.

I-Double Gia

Ngokuvamile ilangabi elivutha ngokuphindwe kabili ngokugqama kabili ubude, futhi kwaba njalo nge-Dual-Ghia, kusukela le nkampani yasungulwa ngo-1956 kodwa yaqhubeka kwaze kwaba ngu-1958. I-Dual-Motors kanye ne-Carrozzeria Ghia bahlanganyele ekwakheni imoto yezemidlalo esezingeni eliphezulu eno-Dodge chassis nenjini engu-V8 enomzimba owenziwe e-Italy ngu-Ghia.

Lezi kwakuyizimoto zesitayela, abacebile nabadumile. UFrank Sinatra, uDesi Arnaz, uDean Martin, uRichard Nixon, uRonald Reagan noLyndon Johnson babenayo. Zingu-117 izimoto ezikhiqiziwe, ezingu-60 kukholakala ukuthi zisekhona futhi zisaveza isitayela sama-60s kuwo wonke ama-engeli.

Inkampani Checker Motors

I-Checker Motors Corporation yaziwa ngamakheshi ayo aphuzi adumile abebusa imigwaqo yaseNew York. Yasungulwa ngo-1922, inkampani yayiyinhlanganisela ye-Commonwealth Motors kanye ne-Markin Automobile Body. Ngawo-1920, inkampani yabuye yathola kancane kancane i-Checker Taxi.

I-yellow cab edumile, iChecker A series, yethulwa okokuqala ngo-1959. Isitayela sahlala singashintshile kwaze kwaba yilapho siyekwa ngo-1982. Kufakwe izinjini eziningi ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza, izimoto zakamuva zithola izinjini ze-GM V8. UChecker uphinde wenza izimoto zabathengi ezinjengamatekisi kanye nezimoto zezentengiselwano. Ngo-2010, le nkampani yaphuma ebhizinisini ngemuva kweminyaka idonsa kanzima ukuze yenze inzuzo.

Inkampani ye-American Motors Corporation

I-American Motors Corporation (AMC) yasungulwa ngokuhlanganiswa kwe-Nash-Kelvinator Corporation kanye ne-Hudson Motor Car Company ngo-1954. Ukungakwazi ukuncintisana neBig Three kanye nezinkinga nomnikazi weRenault ongumFulentshi kuholele ekutheni uChrysler athenge i-AMC ngo-1987. Inkampani yathathwa. kwa-Chrysler, kodwa ifa layo nezimoto zisabalulekile nanamuhla.

I-AMC yenza izimoto ezinhle ngesikhathi sazo, i-AMX, iJavelin neRebel bekuyizimoto ezinhle kakhulu zemisipha, iPacer ibidume ngazo. Wayne emhlabeni, IJeep CJ (Wrangler), Cherokee neGrand Cherokee sebephenduke izithonjana emhlabeni ongekho emgwaqweni.

i-buzzer

I-Hummer iwuhlobo lwamaloli amazombezombe, ahamba yonke indawo angekho emgwaqeni i-AM General eqale ukuwadayisa ngo-1992. Eqinisweni, lawa maloli kwakuyizinguqulo zezempi ze-HMMWV noma i-Humvee. Ngo-1998, i-GM yathola uhlobo futhi yethula inguqulo ye-Humvee ebizwa ngokuthi i-H1. Yayinawo wonke amakhono avelele emoto yezempi, kodwa ingaphakathi eliphucuzeke kakhulu.

U-Hummer wabe esekhipha izinhlobo ze-H2, H2T, H3 ne-H3T. Lezi zinhlobo zazisekelwe kakhulu emalolini e-GM. Lapho i-GM ifaka isicelo sokuqothuka ngo-2009, babenethemba lokuthengisa uhlobo lwe-Hummer, kodwa babengekho abathengi futhi uhlobo lwanqanyulwa ngo-2010.

IPirate

I-Rover yaqala ukusebenza njengomkhiqizi wamabhayisikili eNgilandi ngo-1878. Ngo-1904, inkampani yandisa ukukhiqizwa kwayo kwezimoto futhi yaqhubeka nokusebenza kwaze kwaba ngu-2005, lapho umkhiqizo unqanyuliwe. Ngaphambi kokudayiswa kwaLeyland Motors ngo-1967, iRover yayinedumela lokukhiqiza izimoto ezisezingeni eliphezulu nezisebenza kahle. Ngo-1948 bethula iLand Rover emhlabeni.

Iloli elinekhono neliqinile elasheshe lafana nekhono elingekho emgwaqeni. ILand Rover Range Rover yethulwa ngo-1970 kanti abanye, njengoba besho, ingumlando. I-Rover iphinde yaba nempumelelo nge-SD1 sedan. Ifakwe isitayela ngemva kwenguqulo yeminyango emine ye-Ferrari Daytona, iphinde yathola impumelelo emjahweni womjaho we-Group A.

Inkampani yeDelorean Motor

Zimbalwa izimoto nezinkampani zezimoto ezinomlando omangalisayo futhi onesiphithiphithi njengeDeLorean Motor Company. Yasungulwa ngo-1975 ngunjiniyela odumile kanye nesikhulu sezimoto uJohn DeLorean, imoto, inkampani nomuntu babambeke obishini olubandakanya i-US Securities and Exchange Commission, i-FBI, uhulumeni waseBrithani kanye nokushushumbiswa kwezidakamizwa okungenzeka.

Imoto, eyakhiwe ngabakwa-DMC DeLorean, yayiyi-coupe enomzimba wensimbi engagqwali, izicabha ze-gullwing, kanye nesakhiwo esiphakathi nendawo. Amandla aqhamuke ku-PRV V6 enganele ngokudabukisayo enomphumela ophansi ngokumangazayo wamandla amahhashi angu-130. Inkampani yashabalala ngo-1982, kodwa ifilimu Emuva Kwekusasa, ngo-1985 kwaba nokuqala kabusha kwesithakazelo emotweni nenkampani eyingqayizivele.

Mosler

UWarren Mosler, isazi sezomnotho, umsunguli we-hedge fund, unjiniyela kanye nofisa kwezombusazwe, waqala ukwakha izimoto zezemidlalo ezisebenza kahle ngo-1985. Igama lale nkampani ngaleso sikhathi bekuyi-Consulier Industries kanti imoto yabo yokuqala, i-Consulier GTP, bekuyimoto yezemidlalo engasindi, eshesha ngendlela eyisimanga ephakathi nenjini ezokwazi ukuqhubeka nokubusa umjaho we-IMSA iminyaka eyisithupha.

I-Consulier Industries yaqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi iMosler Automotive ngo-1993. Le nkampani yakha ukuqhubeka kwe-GTP ebizwa nge-Mosler Intruder, esebenzisa injini ye-Corvette LT1 V8. I-Raptor yethulwa ngo-1997, kodwa okwangempela kwaba yiMT900, eyaqala ukuvela ngo-2001. Ngeshwa, i-Mosler yaphela ngo-2013, kodwa izimoto zabo zisagijima ngempumelelo emhlabeni wonke.

I-Amphicar

Ingabe imoto yamanzi noma isikebhe somgwaqo? Noma iyiphi indlela, i-Amphicar iyakwazi ukuphatha umhlaba nolwandle. Idizayinwe nguHans Tripel futhi yakhiwa eNtshonalanga Jalimane yiQuandt Group, ukukhiqizwa kwemoto ehamba emanzini noma isikebhe somgwaqo kwaqala ngo-1960 futhi senziwa okokuqala emphakathini e-1961 New York Auto Show.

Ngokusemthethweni ebizwa ngokuthi i-Amphicar Model 770, bekwaziwa ukuthi “akuyona imoto enhle kakhulu futhi akusona isikebhe esihle kakhulu, kodwa isebenza kahle kakhulu. Sithanda ukuyicabanga njengemoto esheshayo emanzini kanye nesikebhe esisheshayo emgwaqeni." I-Amphicar, esebenzisa injini ye-Triumph four-cylinder, yakhiqizwa kwaze kwaba ngu-1965, kanti imoto yokugcina yathengiswa ngo-1968.

I-Askari Kars LLC.

Umkhiqizi wezimoto zezemidlalo waseBrithani i-Ascari yasungulwa ngusomabhizinisi waseDashi uKlaas Zwart ngo-1995. UZwart wayeseneminyaka eminingi egijima izimoto zezemidlalo futhi wanquma ukuzama isandla sakhe ukuze azakhe. Imoto yokuqala i-Ecosse yathuthukiswa ngosizo lweNoble Automotive kodwa kube yiKZ1 eyaphuma ngo-2003 eyadonsa amehlo.

Iqanjwe ngomshayeli womjaho wase-Italy odumile u-Alberto Ascari, izimoto ezikhiqiziwe bezinenjini ephakathi, zishesha kakhulu, zinomsindo omkhulu futhi zigxile emjahweni. I-Ascari Cars ihlale iqhudelana emjahweni wezimoto wezemidlalo, umjaho wokukhuthazela futhi yagijima ngisho nakuma-24 Hours of Le Mans. Ngeshwa, le nkampani yaqothuka ngo-2010 futhi ifektri lapho izimoto zakhiwe khona manje isisetshenziswa yiqembu laseMelika iFormula One iHaas.

Izimoto Izimoto

Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1980, umdayisi wakwaFerrari uClaudio Zampolli kanye nomdidiyeli womculo uGorgio Moroder bahlangana ukuze bakhe imoto enkulu eyingqayizivele eklanywe umdwebi wesitayela odumile u-Marcello Gandini. Idizayini iyafana neLamborghini Diablo, nayo eyakhiwe nguGandini, kodwa inenjini engu-6.0-litre V16 edumile ngempela. Izimoto eziyishumi nesikhombisa zakhiqizwa ngaphambi kokuba inkampani ivale e-Italy futhi yathuthela eLos Angeles, eCalifornia.

Injini emangalisayo bekuyiV16 yangempela ene-cylinder block eyodwa esebenzisa amakhanda angamasilinda amane asuselwa ku-Lamborghini Urraco flat V8. Injini ikhiqize amandla angaphezu kuka-450 futhi ingafinyelela isivinini esiphezulu se-V16T kuze kufike ku-204 mph.

Cisitalia

Ngemuva kweMpi Yezwe II, imijaho yezimoto zezemidlalo kanye neGrand Prix yayibuswe abakhiqizi namaqembu ase-Italy. Kwakuyinkathi ye-Alfa Romeo, Maserati, Ferrari kanye neCisitalia ezinze eTurin. I-Cisitalia, eyasungulwa nguPiero Dusio ngo-1946, yaqala ukukhiqiza izimoto zomjaho weGrand Prix. I-D46 ibe yimpumelelo futhi yagcina iholele ekubambisaneni nePorsche.

Izimoto ze-GT iCisitalia eyaziwa kakhulu ngazo. Ngokuvamile okubizwa ngokuthi "izithombe eziqoshiwe", izimoto ze-Cisitalia zihlanganisa isitayela sase-Italy, ukusebenza nokunethezeka ukuze ziqhudelane nanoma yini enye emigwaqweni yosuku. Ngenkathi uFerrari ethola indawo yayo, uCisitalia wayesevele eyingcweti. Le nkampani yashabalala ngo-1963 futhi namuhla izimoto zayo zidingeka kakhulu.

Pontiac

IPontiac yethulwa njengophawu lokuhweba ngo-1926 ngabakwaGeneral Motors. Ekuqaleni ibihloselwe ukuthi ingabizi futhi ibambisane nomkhiqizo wase-Oakland ongasekho. Igama elithi Pontiac livela enkosini edumile yase-Ottawa eyamelana nokuthathwa kweBritish eMichigan futhi yalwa nenqaba eDetroit. Idolobha lasePontiac, eMichigan, lapho kwakhiwa khona izimoto zePontiac, liphinde liqanjwe ngenkosi.

Ngawo-1960, uPontiac wayeka isithunzi sakhe njengomkhiqizi wezimoto ezishibhile futhi waphinde wazisungula njengenkampani yezimoto egxile ekusebenzeni. Ngaphandle kokungabaza, imoto edume kakhulu kwakuyi-GTO. Ezinye izimoto ezidumile yiFirebird, Trans-Am, Fiero kanye ne-Aztek edume kabi..