Umgomo wokusebenza kwe-rack steering rack
Okuqukethwe
Isimiso sokusebenza kwe-rack steering rack sisekelwe emthelela wesikhashana wengcindezi owenziwe yipompo ku-cylinder, eshintsha i-rack ngendlela efanele, esiza umshayeli ukuba aqondise imoto. Ngakho-ke, izimoto ezinamandla eziqondisa zikhululekile kakhulu, ikakhulukazi lapho zihamba ngesivinini esiphansi noma ukushayela ezimweni ezinzima, ngoba ujantshi onjalo uthatha umthwalo omningi odingekayo ukuze uvule isondo, futhi umshayeli unikeza imiyalo kuphela, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa impendulo. kusuka emgwaqeni..
I-rack steering embonini yezokuthutha abagibeli sekuyisikhathi eside ithatha ezinye izinhlobo zemishini efanayo ngenxa yezimpawu zayo zobuchwepheshe, esikhulume ngazo lapha (Indlela i-rack steering rack isebenza ngayo). Kodwa, naphezu kokulula komklamo, isimiso sokusebenza kwe-rack steering rack nge-booster hydraulic, okungukuthi, i-hydraulic booster, namanje ayiqondakali kubanikazi abaningi bezimoto.
Ukuthuthukiswa kokuqondisa - ukubuka kafushane
Selokhu kwavela izimoto zokuqala isiteringi sesiphenduke isinciphisi segiya esine-gear ratio enkulu esijika amasondo angaphambili emoto ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ekuqaleni, kwakuyikholomu ene-bipod enamathiselwe phansi, ngakho-ke isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi (i-trapezium) kwakudingeka sisetshenziswe ukudlulisa amandla achemile kuma-knuckles okuqondisa lapho amasondo angaphambili ayeboshwe khona. Khona-ke basungula i-rack, futhi i-gearbox, eyadlulisela amandla okujika ekumisweni kwangaphambili ngaphandle kwezakhiwo ezengeziwe, futhi ngokushesha lolu hlobo lomshini wokuqondisa lwathatha indawo yekholomu yonke indawo.
Kodwa okubi okuyinhloko okuvela esimisweni sokusebenza kwalesi sisetshenziswa akukwazanga ukunqotshwa. Ukwenyuka kwesilinganiso segiya kwenze isiteringi, esibuye sibizwe ngesondo noma isiteringi, ukuthi sijikiswe kalula, kodwa kuphoqe ukuphenduka okuthe xaxa ukususa iqupha lesiteringi lisuke kwesokudla elidlulele liye kwesokunxele elidlulele noma okuphambene nalokho. Ukunciphisa isilinganiso segiya kwenza isiteringi sibe bukhali, ngoba imoto isabela ngokuqinile ngisho nalapho ishintsha kancane, kodwa ukushayela imoto enjalo kudinga amandla amakhulu nokukhuthazela.
Imizamo yokuxazulula le nkinga yenziwe kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, futhi eminye yayo yayihlobene nama-hydraulics. Igama elithi "hydraulics" ngokwalo livela egameni lesiLatini elithi hydro (hydro), elalisho amanzi noma uhlobo oluthile lwento ewuketshezi eqhathaniswa noketshezi lwawo namanzi. Kodwa-ke, kuze kube sekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-50 yekhulu leminyaka elidlule, yonke into yayinqunyelwe kumasampula okuhlola ayengakwazi ukufakwa ekukhiqizeni okuningi. Impumelelo yeza ngo-1951 ngesikhathi uChrysler ethula isiteringi sokuqala samandla esikhiqizwe ngobuningi (GUR) esasebenza ngokubambisana nekholomu yokuqondisa. Kusukela lapho, umgomo ojwayelekile wokusebenza kwe-hydraulic steering rack noma ikholomu awushintshile.
Isiteringi sikagesi sokuqala sasinamaphutha amakhulu, yilokhu:
- ilayishe kakhulu injini;
- uqinise isondo lokuqondisa kuphela ngesivinini esiphakathi noma esiphezulu;
- ngesivinini esiphezulu senjini, idale umfutho owedlulele (ingcindezi) futhi umshayeli walahlekelwa ukuxhumana nomgwaqo.
Ngakho-ke, i-booster ye-hydraulic esebenza ngokujwayelekile yavela kuphela ekuqaleni kwe-XXI, lapho i-rake isivele yaba umshini wokuqondisa oyinhloko.
Isebenza kanjani i-hydraulic booster
Ukuze uqonde isimiso sokusebenza kwe-hydraulic steering rack, kubalulekile ukucabangela izakhi ezifakiwe kuyo kanye nemisebenzi abayenzayo:
- impompo;
- i-valve yokunciphisa ingcindezi;
- ithangi lokunweba nesihlungi;
- isilinda (hydraulic cylinder);
- umsabalalisi.
Isici ngasinye siyingxenye ye-hydraulic booster, ngakho-ke, ukusebenza kahle kwesiteringi samandla kungenzeka kuphela uma zonke izingxenye zenza umsebenzi wazo ngokucacile. Le vidiyo ibonisa isimiso esijwayelekile sokusebenza kwalolu hlelo.
Iphampu
Umsebenzi walesi simiso ukujikeleza okuqhubekayo koketshezi (uwoyela we-hydraulic, i-ATP noma i-ATF) ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lokuqondisa amandla ngokudala ingcindezi ethile eyanele ukuvula amasondo. Ipompo yokuqondisa amandla ixhunywe ngebhande ku-crankshaft pulley, kodwa uma imoto ifakwe i-electric hydraulic booster, khona-ke ukusebenza kwayo kunikezwa injini kagesi ehlukile. Ukusebenza kwepompo kukhethwa ngendlela yokuthi ngisho nokungenzi lutho kuqinisekisa ukujikeleza komshini, futhi ukucindezela okweqile okwenzeka lapho isivinini sikhuphuka sinxephezelwa yi-valve yokunciphisa ingcindezi.
Iphampu yokuqondisa amandla yenziwe ngezinhlobo ezimbili:
- i-lamellar;
- igiya.
iphampu yokuqondisa amandla
Ezimotweni zabagibeli ezine-hydraulic suspension, iphampu eyodwa iqinisekisa ukusebenza kwazo zombili izinhlelo - ukuqondisa amandla nokumiswa, kodwa isebenza ngesimiso esifanayo. Ihluke kokujwayelekile kuphela emandleni anda.
Ingcindezi yokunciphisa i-valve
Le ngxenye ye-hydraulic booster isebenza ngomgomo we-valve yokudlula, ehlanganisa ibhola lokukhiya kanye nesiphethu. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, ipompo yokuqondisa amandla idala ukujikeleza koketshezi ngokucindezela okuthile, ngoba ukusebenza kwayo kuphakeme kunokuphuma kwamapayipi nezinye izakhi. Njengoba ijubane lenjini likhula, ingcindezi ohlelweni lokuqondisa amandla iyakhula, ibambe ibhola entwasahlobo. Ukuqina kwentwasahlobo kukhethiwe ukuze i-valve ivule ngokucindezela okuthile, futhi ububanzi beziteshi bukhawulela ukuphuma kwayo, ngakho-ke ukusebenza akuholeli ekwehleni okubukhali kokucindezela. Lapho i-valve ivula, ingxenye yamafutha idlula uhlelo, oluzinzisa ukucindezela ezingeni elidingekayo.
I-valve yokunciphisa umfutho wokuqondisa wamandla
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi i-valve yokunciphisa ingcindezi ifakwe ngaphakathi kwepompo, iyisici esibalulekile se-hydraulic booster, ngakho-ke ihambisana nezinye izindlela. Ukungasebenzi kahle kwayo noma ukusebenza okungalungile akuphazamisi isiteringi samandla kuphela, kodwa futhi nokuphepha kwezimoto emgwaqeni, uma ulayini wokuhlinzeka uqhuma ngenxa yokucindezela okukhulu kwe-hydraulic, noma ukuvuza kubonakala, ukusabela kwemoto ekuphenduleni isiteringi kuzoshintsha, futhi ongenalwazi. umuntu oqhuba isondo ubungozi angabhekani nabaphathi. Ngakho-ke, idivayisi ye-steering rack ene-hydraulic booster isho ukuthembeka okukhulu kokubili kwesakhiwo sisonke kanye nento ngayinye ngayinye.
Ithangi lokunweba nesihlungi
Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kokuqondisa kwamandla, uketshezi lwe-hydraulic luphoqeleka ukuba lujikeleze ngesistimu yokuqondisa amandla futhi luthinteka ukucindezela okudalwe yipompo, okuholela ekushiseni nasekukhuliseni amafutha. I-tank yokwandisa ithatha ngaphezu kwalokhu kwaziswa, ukuze ivolumu yayo ohlelweni ihlale ifana, eqeda ukuphakama kwengcindezi okubangelwa ukwanda kokushisa. Ukushisa kwe-ATP nokugqoka kwezinto zokuxubha kuholela ekubukeni kothuli lwensimbi nokunye ukungcola emafutheni. Ukungena ku-spool, okubuye kube yi-distributor, le mfucumfucu ivala izimbobo, iphazamise ukusebenza kwe-power steering, okuthinta kabi ukuphathwa kwemoto. Ukuze ugweme ukuthuthukiswa okunjalo kwemicimbi, isihlungi sakhiwe esiqondisweni samandla, esisusa imfucumfucu ehlukahlukene oketshezini olujikelezayo lwe-hydraulic.
Isilinda
Le ngxenye ye-hydraulic booster iyipayipi, ngaphakathi kwayo kunengxenye yesitimela efakwe i-hydraulic piston kuyo. Izigxivizo zikawoyela zifakwa emaphethelweni epayipi ukuvimbela i-ATP ukuthi ingaphumi lapho umfutho ukhuphuka. Lapho uwoyela ungena engxenyeni ehambisanayo yesilinda ngamapayipi, i-piston inyakaza ibheke kolunye uhlangothi, isunduza i-rack futhi, ngayo, isebenze ezintanjeni zokuqondisa kanye nama-knuckles okuqondisa.
isilinda sokuqondisa samandla
Ngenxa yalo mklamo wesiteringi samandla, amaqupha okuqondisa aqala ukunyakaza nangaphambi kokuba igiya lokushayela ligudluze irack.
Umsabalalisi
Umgomo wokusebenza kwe-rack steering rack ukunikeza kafushane uketshezi lwe-hydraulic ngesikhathi isondo lokuqondisa liphenduka, ngenxa yokuthi i-rack izoqala ukuhamba ngisho nangaphambi kokuba umshayeli enze umzamo omkhulu. Ukunikezwa okunjalo kwesikhashana esifushane, kanye nokukhipha uketshezi okweqile ku-cylinder ye-hydraulic, kunikezwa umsabalalisi, okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-spool.
Ukuze uqonde isimiso sokusebenza kwalesi sisetshenziswa se-hydraulic, akudingekile ukuthi ungacabangi nje kuphela esigabeni, kodwa futhi uhlaziye ngokugcwele ukusebenzisana kwayo nezinye izakhi zokuqondisa amandla. Uma nje ukuma kwesondo lokuqondisa kanye nezinsimbi zokuqondisa kuhambisana, umsabalalisi, owaziwa nangokuthi i-spool, uvimba ukugeleza koketshezi kusilinda ukusuka nhlangothi zombili, ngakho-ke ukucindezela ngaphakathi kwemigodi yomibili kuyafana futhi akuphazamisi isiqondiso sokujikeleza kwamarimu. Lapho umshayeli ephendulela isondo lokuqondisa, isilinganiso esincane sokunciphisa ama-rack rack asimvumeli ukuba aphendule ngokushesha amasondo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa umzamo omkhulu.
Umsabalalisi wokuqondisa amandla
Umsebenzi we-power steering distributor ukuhlinzeka nge-ATP ku-cylinder ye-hydraulic kuphela lapho isikhundla sesondo sokuqondisa singahambelani nendawo yamasondo, okungukuthi, lapho umshayeli ejika isondo lokushayela, umsabalalisi uqala umlilo namandla. isilinda ukuze usebenze emaqulwini amisiwe. Umthelela onjalo kufanele ube owesikhashana futhi uncike ekutheni umshayeli usiphendule kangakanani isiteringi. Okungukuthi, okokuqala i-hydraulic cylinder kufanele iguqule amasondo, bese umshayeli, lokhu kulandelana kukuvumela ukuba usebenzise umzamo omncane wokujika, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo "uzizwe usendleleni".
Ukuthi isebenza kanjani
Isidingo sokusebenza kokusabalalisa okunjalo kwakungenye yezinkinga ezivimbela ukukhiqizwa kwe-serial yama-hydraulic booster, ngoba ngokuvamile emotweni isondo lokuqondisa kanye negiya lokuqondisa lixhunywe nge-shaft eqinile, engadluliseli amandla kuphela ku-knuckles yokuqondisa, kodwa futhi inikeza umshayeli wemoto impendulo evela emgwaqeni. Ukuxazulula inkinga, bekufanele ngishintshe ngokuphelele ukuhlelwa kwe-shaft exhuma isiteringi negiya lokuqondisa. Kwafakwa umsabalalisi phakathi kwabo, okuyisisekelo okuyisimiso se-torsion, okungukuthi, induku yokunwebeka ekwazi ukusonteka.
Uma umshayeli ejika isiteringi, i-torsion bar iqale inyakaze kancane, okudala ukuthi kube nokungezwani phakathi kokuma kwesiteringi namasondo angaphambili. Ngesikhathi sokungafani okunjalo, i-spool yokusabalalisa ivula futhi amafutha we-hydraulic angena kusilinda, eshintsha i-rack steering ibheke ngendlela efanele, ngakho-ke iqeda ukungafani. Kodwa-ke, ukuphuma kwe-spool distributor kuphansi, ngakho-ke ama-hydraulics awayishintshi ngokuphelele imizamo yomshayeli, okusho ukuthi ngokushesha okudingeka ujike, kulapho umshayeli kuzodingeka avule khona isondo lokuqondisa, elihlinzeka ngempendulo futhi ikuvumela ukuthi uzwe imoto emgwaqeni
Idivayisi
Ukwenza umsebenzi onjalo, okungukuthi, ukufaka i-ATP ku-cylinder ye-hydraulic futhi kumiswe ukunikezwa ngemuva kokuqedwa kokungafani, bekudingeka ukuthi kwakhiwe indlela eyinkimbinkimbi ye-hydraulic esebenza ngokulandela isimiso esisha futhi ehlanganisa:
- i-torsion bar exhunywe kugiya lokushayela, elihlinzeka ngokungahambisani lapho uguqula isondo lokuqondisa;
- ingaphakathi le-spool;
- ingxenye engaphandle ye-spool.
Izingxenye zangaphakathi nezangaphandle ze-spool zihlangana ngokuqinile kangangokuthi akukho neconsi le-liquid ephuma phakathi kwazo, ngaphezu kwalokho, izimbobo zibhojwa kuzo ukuze kunikezwe futhi kubuyiswe i-ATP. Umgomo wokusebenza kwalo mklamo ukuthakwa okunembayo koketshezi olusebenza ngogesi olunikezwa isilinda. Lapho isikhundla se-rudder kanye ne-rack kuhlanganiswa, ukuhlinzekwa nokubuyisela ukuvuleka kuyaguquguquka ngokuhlobene nomunye nomunye futhi uketshezi oludlula kubo alungeni noma lugeleze luphume kumasilinda, ngakho-ke lokhu kugcwaliswa njalo futhi akukho usongo lokushaya umoya. . Lapho umshayeli wemoto ejika isondo lokuqondisa, ibha ye-torsion iqala ukusonteka, izingxenye zangaphandle nezingaphakathi ze-spool ziyasuswa zihlobene nomunye nomunye, ngenxa yokuthi izimbobo zokuhlinzeka ngakolunye uhlangothi nezimbobo zokudonsa ngakolunye zihlanganiswa. .
Ingena ku-hydraulic cylinder, uwoyela ucindezela i-piston, uyiguqule onqenqemeni, ishintshela kumzila wesitimela futhi iqala ukuhamba ngisho nangaphambi kokuba igiya lokushayela lisebenze kuyo. Njengoba i-rack ishintsha, ukungafani phakathi kwezingxenye zangaphandle nezingaphakathi ze-spool kuyanyamalala, ngenxa yokuthi ukunikezwa kwamafutha kuyeka kancane kancane, futhi lapho isikhundla samasondo sifinyelela ibhalansi nesikhundla sesondo lokuqondisa, ukunikezwa nokukhishwa I-ATP ivinjwe ngokuphelele. Kulesi simo, isilinda, zombili izingxenye ezigcwele uwoyela futhi zakha izinhlelo ezimbili ezivaliwe, zenza indima yokuzinzisa, ngakho-ke, lapho ushaya i-bump, umfutho obonakalayo omncane ufinyelela isondo lokuqondisa futhi isondo alikhiphi. izandla zomshayeli.
isiphetho
Isimiso sokusebenza kwe-rack steering rack sisekelwe emthelela wesikhashana wengcindezi owenziwe yipompo ku-cylinder, eshintsha i-rack ngendlela efanele, esiza umshayeli ukuba aqondise imoto. Ngakho-ke, izimoto ezinamandla eziqondisa zikhululekile kakhulu, ikakhulukazi lapho zihamba ngesivinini esiphansi noma ukushayela ezimweni ezinzima, ngoba ujantshi onjalo uthatha umthwalo omningi odingekayo ukuze uvule isondo, futhi umshayeli unikeza imiyalo kuphela, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa impendulo. kusuka emgwaqeni..
