Isebenza kanjani i-AFS - Active Steering Systems

I-Automation, ehlome nge-algorithms yonjiniyela nabahloli abahamba phambili emhlabeni, kade yazi ukuthi zishayelwa kanjani izimoto kangcono kuneningi labashayeli bazo. Kodwa abantu abakakulungeli ukuyethemba ngokugcwele, izinto ezintsha zingeniswa kancane kancane, kuyilapho kugcinwa amathuba okulawula okwenziwa ngesandla. Cishe ngokwalesi simiso, uhlelo lwe-AFS olusebenzayo lokushayela lwakhiwe.

I-algorithm yokusebenza kwesistimu

Isici esiyinhloko se-AFS yi-variable steering gear ratio. Ukuhlela ukuncika kwale pharamitha ngesivinini, futhi ngisho nangaphezulu kwezinye izici ezinomthelela, akulula kangako njengoba kungase kubonakale kochwepheshe be-automation. Idrayivu yemishini eqinile ukusuka esondweni lokuqondisa ukuya kumasondo ayisiteringi kwadingeka ukuthi igcinwe; umhlaba wezimoto ubungeke udlulele ekusetshenzisweni okugcwele kwesistimu yokulawula kuphela ngezintambo zikagesi. Ngakho-ke, uBosch wathola ilungelo lobunikazi kumsunguli waseMelika, okwathi ngemva kwalokho, kanye ne-BMW, ​​kwasungulwa uhlelo lokuqondisa lwangempela, olubizwa ngokuthi i-AFS - Active Front Steering. Kungani ngempela "Front" - kukhona izinhlelo ezisebenzayo ezihlanganisa nokujikeleza kwamasondo angemuva.

Isimiso silula, njengazo zonke izinto ezihlakaniphile. Kwasetshenziswa isiteringi samandla esijwayelekile. Kodwa igiya leplanethi lakhiwe engxenyeni yomugqa wekholomu yokuqondisa. Isilinganiso segiya layo kwimodi eguquguqukayo izoncika ejubaneni nasendleleni yokuzungeza kwegiya langaphandle elinemeshi yangaphakathi (umqhele). I-shaft eqhutshwayo, njengokungathi, ibamba noma ishiye ngemuva kwalowo oholayo. Futhi lokhu kulawulwa injini kagesi, okuthi ngenotshi eseceleni elingaphandle legiya elinomshini walo wezikelemu libangele ukuthi liphenduke. Ngejubane eliphezulu ngokwanele kanye netorque.

Izimfanelo ezintsha ezitholwe yi-AFS

Kulabo abahamba ngesondo lama-BMW amasha ahlome nge-AFS, imizwa yokuqala yayihambisana nokwesaba. Imoto yasabela ngokungalindelekile ekugibeleni amatekisi, kwaphoqeleka ukukhohlwa umkhuba "wokujikajika" esiteringini ngezindlela zokupaka nokuhamba ngesivinini esiphansi. Imoto yahlelwa kabusha emgwaqeni njengekarati lomjaho, futhi amajika amancane esiteringini, kuyilapho igcina ukukhanya, kwasiphoqa ukuthi sibheke kabusha izinqubo zokujika endaweni enyinyekile. Uvalo lokuthi imoto enokusabela okunjalo ngeke ikwazi ukushayela ngesivinini esiphezulu kwaqedwa ngokushesha. Lapho ushayela ngejubane lika-150-200 km / h, imoto yathola ukuqina okungalindelekile nokushelela, ibambe isimo esizinzile futhi ingazami ukugqekeza isiliphu. Kungase kufinyelelwe esiphethweni esilandelayo:

• isilinganiso segiya segiya lokuqondisa, lapho sishintshwa cishe uhhafu ngesivinini esikhulayo, sinikeze ukulawula okulula nokuphephile kuzo zonke izindlela;
• ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, onqenqemeni lokushelela, imoto yabonisa ukuzinza okungalindelekile, okwakungabangelwanga kuphela isilinganiso segiya eliguquguqukayo legiya lokuqondisa;
• ukuqondisa kwakuhlale kugcinwa ezingeni elilinganiselwe ngokufanele, imoto ayizange ifune ukushelela i-asi yangemuva, noma ukubhidliza ingaphambili;
• kancane kwakuncike ekhonweni lomshayeli, usizo lwemoto lwalubonakala ngokucacile;
• ngisho noma imoto igxuma ngamabomu ngezenzo ezinonya zomshayeli onolwazi ngamabomu, kwakulula ukuyishayela kuyo, futhi imoto ngokwayo yaphuma kuyo ngokushesha nje lapho ukucasuka kuphelile, futhi ngokunembile futhi ngaphandle kwe-counter-skids.

Manje izinhlelo eziningi zokuzinza zikwazi ukwenza into efanayo, kodwa kwakumane kuyisiqalo sekhulu leminyaka, futhi ukuqondisa kuphela kwakuhilelekile, ngaphandle kwezikhathi ze-braking kanye ne-traction vector.

Ngenxa yalokho okwakhiwe umphumela wokuqondisa okusebenzayo

Iyunithi yokulawula ye-elekthronikhi iqoqa ulwazi kusuka kusethi yezinzwa eziqapha isondo lokuqondisa, isiqondiso semoto, ukusheshisa kwe-angular nezinye imingcele eminingi. Ngokuhambisana nemodi ehleliwe, ayishintshi nje isilinganiso segiya, njengoba ihlelwa kuye ngesivinini, kodwa ihlela isiteringi esisebenzayo, iphazamisa izenzo zomshayeli. Lesi isinyathelo sokuqala sokulawula okuzimele.

Kulokhu, ukuxhumana phakathi kwesondo lokuqondisa namasondo kuhlala kungashintshiwe. Lapho izinto zikagesi zivaliwe, ngokwenziwa noma ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle, i-shaft yemoto kagesi ezungeza indlela yeplanethi iyama futhi iyama. Ukuphatha kuphenduka i-rack evamile kanye ne-pinion mechanism ene-amplifier. Akukho ukuqondisa ngocingo, okungukuthi, ukulawula ngocingo. Igiya leplanethi kuphela elinegiya leringi elilawulwayo.

Ngesivinini esiphezulu, uhlelo lwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukuhlela kabusha imoto ngokunembe kakhulu nangokushelela ukusuka kulayini iye komzila. Umphumela ofanayo wabonakala kancane njengalapho uqondisa i-axle yangemuva - amasondo ayo alandela ngokunembe kakhulu ngaphambili, ngaphandle kokucasula i-oversteer nokushushuluza. Lokhu kufinyelelwe ngokushintsha ngokuzenzakalelayo i-engeli yokuzungezisa ku-ekseli elawulwayo.

Yiqiniso, uhlelo luphenduke lwaba yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunokuqondisa kwendabuko, kodwa hhayi kakhulu. I-gearbox yeplanethi kanye nedrayivu kagesi eyengeziwe inyusa kancane izindleko, futhi yonke imisebenzi yabelwa ikhompuyutha nesoftware. Lokhu kwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukusebenzisa uhlelo kulo lonke uchungechunge lwezimoto zakwaBMW, kusukela kweyokuqala kuya kweyesikhombisa. Iyunithi ye-mechatronics ihlangene, ibukeka njengesiteringi samandla kagesi esivamile, inikeza umshayeli umuzwa ofanayo wemoto, inikeza impendulo futhi iba enembile ngemva kokujwayela ngokushesha ukushintsha kobukhali besiteringi.

Ukuthembeka kwesistimu akufani kakhulu nomshini wendabuko. Kukhona ukuguga okuthe xaxa kwe-rack kanye nephini ngenxa yokwanda kwamandla okuzibandakanya. Kodwa lokhu kuyinani elincane lokukhokhela ikhwalithi entsha ngokuphelele yemoto ekuphatheni nganoma yisiphi isivinini.