Umgomo wokusebenza kanye nokwakheka kokumiswa komoya

Njengoba imboni yezimoto ishintshela kancane kancane ekusetshenzisweni kwamakhoyili acwebezelayo futhi anembe kakhudlwana ezintweni eziningi ezimisiwe esikhundleni seziphethu ezimahhadla ezinkulu, kunengqondo ukulindela ukuqhubeka kwenguquko yegiya eligijimayo. Ngokwengxenye sekuvele kwenzeka - insimbi ezintweni ezinwebekayo ivame ukushintshwa ngegesi. Yiqiniso, ebiyelwe ngaphansi kwengcindezi igobolondo eqinile. Kodwa ukushintshwa okulula kweziphethu ezinemithombo yomoya kwakungenele, ukumiswa okusha kusho ukusetshenziswa okusebenzayo kwemishini kagesi kanye nama-actuator.

Imihlangano Ejwayelekile Neyingqayizivele Yokumiswa Komoya

Izici ezingavamile zokusebenzisa i-pneumatics njengezinto ezinwebekayo ziholele ekutheni kube khona ushintsho lokusebenza olukude kuzici zokulengiswa. Ukuqala kusukela ekushintsheni okulula endaweni yomzimba ngaphezu komgwaqo ku-statics futhi kugcine ngemisebenzi yokulawula esebenzayo.

Ngokuvamile, ngemva kokugcina ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlobo zokumiswa, iziphethu zomoya zabangela ukubonakala kwenani lamadivayisi angeziwe ku-chassis. Inani lemishini lincike ekusetshenzisweni okuthile ngabakhiqizi abahlukene. Lokhu kungaba ama-compressor kagesi kanye nemishini, amapulatifomu e-valve, amayunithi okulawula ama-elekthronikhi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ama-hydraulic kits. Akunzima ukunikeza izakhiwo zokujwayela kanye nokukhethwa kwezici ezivela esihlalweni somshayeli kumasistimu anjalo. Futhi ngaphandle, izofana kakhulu nokumiswa kwendabuko okuncikile, okuzimele okubili kanye nezixhumanisi eziningi, ama-MacPherson struts noma imishayo elula ye-torsion. Kuze kufike ekuqedeni ukushintshashintsha kwezingxenye, lapho ungakwazi ukususa i-pneumatics futhi ufake ama-coil springs endaweni efanayo.

Ukwakhiwa kwemishini kanye nezingxenye zomuntu ngamunye

Inhloso nemisebenzi yezakhi eziyisisekelo ishintshile kancane ngesikhathi sokuvela kokumiswa komoya, ama-algorithms wokuklama nokulawula kwawo kuphela athuthukisiwe. Ukwakheka okujwayelekile kuhlanganisa:

• iziphethu zomoya ezifakwe esikhundleni seziphethu noma iziphethu;
• i-compressor yomoya egcina futhi ilawula ukucindezela ku-pneumatics;
• ukulawula nokusabalalisa ukufakwa komoya ngohlelo lwama-valve kagesi;
• izihlungi zomoya nezomisi;
• izinzwa zokuphakama komzimba zesondo ngalinye;
• lawula iyunithi ye-elekthronikhi;
• iphaneli yokulawula ukumiswa emoyeni.

Kungenzeka ukusebenzisa amanye amadivaysi ahlotshaniswa nokuba khona kwemisebenzi eyengeziwe.

Ama-cushions we-pneumatic (amasilinda)

I-elastic suspension element iyisiphethu somoya ngomqondo obanzi wegama, ngokwethiyori intwasa nayo iyisiphethu. Empeleni, lokhu kuwumoya ngaphansi kwengcindezi kukesi le-rubber-metal. Ukushintsha i-geometry yegobolondo kungenzeka eziqondisweni ezinikeziwe, ukuqiniswa kuvimbela ukuphambuka okungenangqondo ekubunjweni.

Kungenzeka ukuhlanganisa i-elementi ye-pneumatic ne-absorber shock encibilikayo esakhiweni esisodwa se-telescopic air strut. Lokhu kufeza ukubumbana kweyunithi eyodwa ekuqanjweni, isibonelo, ukumiswa kohlobo lwe-MacPherson. Ngaphakathi kwe-rack kunekamelo elivaliwe elinomoya ocindezelwe kanye nama-hydraulics ajwayelekile e-classic shock absorber.

Ama-compressor kanye nabamukeli

Ukunxephezela ukuvuza kanye noshintsho olusheshayo lwengcindezi ezintweni zomoya, isistimu ifakwe i-compressor ezimele enedrayivu kagesi evela kumshayeli wamandla weyunithi yokulawula. Ukusebenza kwe-compressor kusiza ukuba khona kwesitoreji somoya - umamukeli. Ngenxa yokunqwabelana komoya ocindezelwe kuyo, kanye nokudlula ukucindezela okuvela kumasilinda, i-compressor ivula kancane kakhulu, egcina insiza yayo, futhi inciphisa umthwalo kumayunithi wokulungiselela umoya, ukuhlunga nokomisa kwawo.

Ukucindezela kowamukelayo kulawulwa inzwa, ngokusho kwezimpawu lapho i-electronics ithumela khona imiyalo yokugcwalisa izinqolobane zegesi ezicindezelweyo, kuhlanganise ne-compressor. Lapho ukwehla kwemvume kuyadingeka, umoya oweqile awukhishelwa emkhathini, kodwa ungena kumamukeli.

Umthethonqubo we-elekthronikhi

Ukuthola ulwazi kusuka kuzinzwa zokuphakama kokugibela, ngokuvamile lezi yizici ezihlobene nokuma kwezingalo ezimisiwe nezinduku, kanye nokucindezela ezindaweni ezihlukene, iyunithi ye-elekthronikhi ilawula ngokugcwele isikhundla somzimba. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukumiswa kuthola imisebenzi emisha ngokuyisisekelo, kungenziwa kuhambisane namazinga ahlukahlukene.

Ukuze kuhlinzekwe izici ezintsha, uxhumo lwesilawuli namanye amasistimu ezimoto zethuliwe. Uyakwazi ukucabangela i-trajectory yemoto, umthelela womshayeli ezilawulweni, isivinini kanye nemvelo yomgwaqo. Kuba lula kakhulu ukwenza ngcono ukuziphatha kwe-chassis, inikeze isikhungo esiphansi sokudonsela phansi ukuze kwandiswe ukuzinza ngesivinini esikhulu, ukunciphisa umzimba, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise ukuphepha kwemoto iyonke. Futhi ngaphandle komgwaqo, ngokuphambene nalokho, kwandisa imvume yomhlaba, vumela ukukhuluma okunwetshiwe kwama-axles. Noma ipaka imoto izoba lula ukushayela ngokwehlisa ubude bomzimba ukuze ilayishe kalula.

Ukusetshenziswa okuwusizo kwezinzuzo zokumiswa komoya

Ukuqala ngokulungiswa okulula kobude bokugibela, abaklami bezimoto baqala ukwethula izici ezithuthukile ekumisweni. Lokhu kwenze kwaba nokwenzeka, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukwethula i-pneumatics njengenketho kumamodeli emoto ahlome ngokumiswa okuvamile. Ngokukhangiswa okwalandela okunwetshiwe kwezici ezintsha kanye nembuyiselo ekutshalweni kwezimali ekuthuthukisweni.

Kwaba nokwenzeka ukulawula ngokuhlukana ukumiswa ezinhlangothini zemoto kanye nama-axles. Izilungiselelo ezimbalwa ezilungisiwe zinikezwa ukuze zikhethwe kumenyu enkulu yemoto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulungiselelwa okwenziwe ngendlela oyifisayo kuyatholakala kubasebenzisi abathuthukile abanokugcinwa kwenkumbulo.

Amathuba we-pneumatics abaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthweni kwempahla, lapho kunomehluko omkhulu ngobuningi bemoto elayishiwe nengenalutho noma isitimela somgwaqo. Lapho, izinhlelo zokulawula imvume seziyinto ebaluleke kakhulu, azikho iziphethu ezingaqhathaniswa namandla eziphethu zomoya.

Ezimotweni ezinesivinini esikhulu, kubalulekile ukulungisa ukumiswa ukuze kusebenze emigwaqweni emikhulu. I-low ground clearance ayigcini nje ukuthuthukisa ukuzinza, kodwa futhi ithuthukisa i-aerodynamics, ukwandisa ukonga kukaphethiloli nokusebenza kokushayela.

Izimoto ezingekho emgwaqeni ku-pneumatics, ikakhulukazi lezo ukusetshenziswa kwazo okungakhawulelwe ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ziyakwazi ukwandisa kakhulu ikhono le-geometric cross-country lapho lidingeka ngempela. Ukwehlisa umzimba ezingeni eliphephile njengoba isivinini sikhuphuka, okwenzeka ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Induduzo nayo ithuthukiswa ngokuyisisekelo. Izakhiwo zegesi ngaphansi kwengcindezi zikhethwa izikhathi eziningana kunanoma iyiphi insimbi yasentwasahlobo. Izici zokumiswa kunoma yiziphi izimo, noma ngabe ukujwayela kungasetshenziswa, kuzonqunywa ngokuphelele ngama-absorbers, izakhiwo zazo ezilula kakhulu futhi ezihlelwe ngokunembile ngesikhathi sokusetha nokukhiqiza. Futhi ukungalungi ngendlela yenkinga nokuthembeka okuhambisanayo sekunesikhathi eside kunqunywa hhayi izici eziyisisekelo, kodwa ngomthombo obekwe umenzi.