Ukusetshenziswa kwekesi lokudlulisa kumasondo onke

Ukuduma okukhulu okutholwe amaSUV nama-crossover muva nje akukona ngephutha. Ukushayela ngamasondo amane kunikeza umshayeli amandla okushayela edolobheni nasezindaweni ezimbi. Emotweni enjalo, icala lokudlulisa liklanywe ngendlela yokuthi libone ngokugcwele izinzuzo ze-wheel drive.

Inhloso yecala lokudlulisa

Ezimotweni ezine-single drive, i-torque ekhiqizwa injini no-gearbox oguquliwe idluliselwa ngqo emasondweni okushayela. Uma imoto ine-XNUMX-wheel drive, ukuze usebenzise kakhulu i-torque, kuyadingeka ukusabalalisa phakathi kwama-axles angaphambili nangemuva. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngezikhathi ezithile kuyadingeka ukushintsha inani le-torque elidluliselwa ku-axle ethile ngesikhathi sokunyakaza.

Ikesi lokudlulisa linesibopho sokusatshalaliswa kwamandla enjini phakathi kwama-ekseli angaphambili nangemuva. Njengo-gearbox, iyakwazi ukukhuphula inani le-torque ngezinga elithile, okubaluleke kakhulu uma usebenzisa imoto ezimeni ezinzima ezingekho emgwaqeni.

Ngezinye izikhathi lo mshini wenza imisebenzi ekhethekile emishinini ekhethekile (izinjini zomlilo, imishini yezolimo neyokwakha). Umsebenzi wecala lokudlulisa ukudlulisa ingxenye ye-torque emishinini ekhethekile: iphampu yomlilo, i-winch yekhebula, i-crane mechanism, njll.

Idizayini ye-dispenser

Ikesi lokudlulisa, kwesinye isikhathi elibizwa nje ngokuthi "i-transfer case", lifakwa phakathi kwama-shafts kanye ne-gearbox eholela kuma-ekseli. Naphezu kwezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zemiklamo, ezinye izingxenye zekesi lokudlulisa ziyatholakala kunoma iyiphi imodeli:

1. i-shaft yokushayela (idlulisela i-torque isuka ku-gearbox iye ku-case yokudlulisa);
2. indlela yokukhiya kanye nokwehluka kwesikhungo;
3. igiya noma iketango lokunciphisa igiya;
4. i-actuator (enomthwalo wokuvula ukukhiya);
5. ama-cardan shafts okushayela ama-axles angaphambili nangemuva;
6. i-synchronizer ekuvumela ukuthi uvule irowu engezansi ekuhambeni.

Ikesi lokudlulisa liyindlu ehlanganisa i-engine drive shaft, kanye nama-cardan shaft amabili aya ngaphambili nangemuva. Idizayini yecala lokudlulisa iyafana nokwakheka kwebhokisi legiya: umzimba wayo uyi-crankcase evaliwe, ukugeza kwamafutha okuhlinzeka ngokugcotshwa komehluko kanye nendlela yokukhiya. Ukuze ushintshe, sebenzisa i-lever noma izinkinobho ku-cabin.

Umgomo wokusebenza kwebhokisi lokudlulisa

Umsebenzi oyinhloko wecala lokudlulisa uwukuxhuma noma ukunqamula elinye lamabhuloho. Ekwakhiweni kwama-SUVs akudala namaloli anamasondo amane, i-torque ihlale idluliselwa ku-axle yokushayela engemuva. I-axle yangaphambili, ukuze kugcinwe uphethiloli kanye nempilo yama-node, yayixhunywe kuphela ukunqoba izingxenye ezinzima zomgwaqo noma ezimweni ezinzima zomgwaqo (imvula, iqhwa, iqhwa). Lesi simiso sigcinwe ezimotweni zesimanje, umehluko kuphela ukuthi i-asi yangaphambili manje iyona ehamba phambili.

Ushintsho ku-torque, ukusatshalaliswa kwayo phakathi kwawo wonke ama-axle okushayela, kuwumsebenzi wesibili obaluleke kakhulu wecala lokudlulisa. Umehluko ophakathi nendawo usabalalisa i-torque phakathi kwama-ekseli angaphambili nangemuva, kuyilapho angathola amandla alinganayo (umehluko olinganayo) noma ahlukaniswe ngengxenye ethile (ukuhluka okungafaniyo).

Umehluko ophakathi nendawo uvumela ama-ekseli ukuthi ajikeleze ngesivinini esihlukile. Lokhu kuyadingeka uma ushayela emigwaqweni egandaywe kahle ukuze unciphise ukuguga kwamasondo futhi wonge uphethiloli. Okwamanje lapho imoto ishiya umgwaqo, futhi udinga ukwenza okuningi ngawo wonke amasondo okushayela, ukukhiya umehluko ophakathi kucushiwe, ama-axles axhumeke ngokuqinile komunye nomunye futhi angajikeleza kuphela ngesivinini esifanayo. Ngenxa yokuvimbela ukushelela, lo mklamo ukhulisa ukuntanta ngaphandle komgwaqo.

Kufanele kugcizelelwe ukuthi umsebenzi wokukhiya umehluko utholakala kuphela enanini elincane lamacala okudlulisa afakwe kuma-SUV akudala, izimoto ezikhethekile namaloli ezempi. I-parquet crossovers kanye nama-SUV avamile esikhathini sethu awaklanyelwe ukushayela okungathí sina okunjalo, ngakho-ke, ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko, banqatshelwe lo msebenzi.

Izinhlobonhlobo zomehluko wesikhungo

Amakesi okudlulisa asebenzisa izinhlelo ezintathu ezihlukene zokukhiya ezifakwe ezimotweni ezinezimpawu ezingekho emgwaqeni.

I-Friction multi-plate clutch. Uhlobo lwesimanjemanje lokukhiya okuhlukile kukesi lokudlulisa. Amandla okucindezela alawulwayo esethi yamadiski okungqubuzana asetshenziswa ku-clutch avumela i-torque ukuthi isatshalaliswe kuma-ekseli kuye ngezimo ezithile zomgwaqo. Ngaphansi kwezimo zomgwaqo ezijwayelekile, ama-ekseli alayishwa ngokulinganayo. Uma enye yama-axles iqala ukushelela, ama-discs e-friction ayacindezelwa, kancane noma avimbele ngokuphelele umehluko wesikhungo. Manje i-axle, "ebambelele emgwaqeni" ngokuphelele, ithola i-torque eyengeziwe enjini. Ukwenza lokhu, i-actuator ithumela umyalo ku-motor kagesi noma i-hydraulic cylinder.

I-viscous coupling noma i-viscous coupling. Ilokhi ye-diff eyisidala kodwa eshibhile futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa. Iqukethe isethi yamadiski abekwe endlini egcwele uketshezi lwe-silicone. Ama-disc axhunywe kuma-wheel hubs kanye ne-clutch housing. Njengoba ijubane lamabhuloho liqala ukushintsha, i-silicone iba yi-viscous, ivimbela ama-discs. Ububi bomklamo ophelelwe yisikhathi buhlanganisa ukuthambekela kokushisa ngokweqile ngesikhathi sokusebenza kanye nokuchayeka kungazelelwe.

Umehluko Torsen ngenxa yamandla ayo alinganiselwe, isetshenziswa kuma-SUV "e-parquet" nasezinqoleni zesiteshi ezingekho emgwaqeni. Njenge-viscous coupling, idlulisela i-torque ku-shaft eshelela kancane. I-actuator ye-Thorsen iyakwazi ukusabalalisa okungadluli ku-80% we-thrust ku-ekseli elayishiwe, kuyilapho i-asislayidi noma kunjalo izoba no-20% wetorque okungenani. Umklamo wokuhluka uqukethe amagiya wezibungu, ngenxa yokungqubuzana okwakhiwa khona ukukhiya.

Isetshenziswa kanjani ikesi lokudlulisa

Ama-SUV amadala, amaloli nezimoto ezikhethekile ngokuvamile zinebhukwana (mechanical) control "transfer case". Ukuze uhlanganyele noma ukhiphe enye yama-axles, kanye nokubandakanya ububanzi obuhlukile noma obuphansi, i-lever isetshenziswa, ngokuvamile etholakala phansi kwe-cab eduze kwe-lever yegiya. Ukuyivula, kuyadingeka ngezikhathi ezithile ukumisa ngokuphelele imoto.

Amamodeli amancane anokulawula okwenziwa ngogesi futhi zonke izinhlobo zekesi zokudlulisa zikhethwa kusetshenziswa izinkinobho kuphaneli. Uma "razdatka" ine-synchronizer, awudingi ukumisa imoto.

Ezimotweni zanamuhla, kusetshenziswa icala lokudlulisa. Uma imodi ezenzakalelayo ikhethiwe, ikhompuyutha esebhodini ithola ukushelela kwe-axle bese iqondisa kabusha i-torque. Uma kudingekile, ivula ilokhi yokuhlukanisa. Umshayeli angakwazi ukucisha i-automation futhi enze wonke umsebenzi ohambeni ngokwakhe. Ayikho i-lever yokulawula.

Zonke izinhlobo zama-crossovers nezinqola zesiteshi zinomshini wokulawula amacala okudlulisa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Umshayeli akanalo ithuba lokulawula umshini ngokuzimela, ngoba zonke izinqumo zenziwa ngekhompyutha.