Imithetho yokuthuthwa kwempahla eyingozi ngomgwaqo

Kuwebhusayithi yethu i-Vodi.su, sesivele sibhale mayelana nezidingo zokuthutha kanye nabashayeli bokuthuthwa kwezimpahla ezijwayelekile, ezinkulu kakhulu. Umugqa ohlukile ukuthuthwa kwezimpahla eziyingozi, futhi sizokhuluma ngakho esihlokweni sethu sanamuhla.

Incazelo

Okokuqala, udinga ukuqonda umqondo "wezimpahla eziyingozi". Icaciswe ngokuningiliziwe ku-SDA, ezinqumweni ezivunywe nguMnyango Wezokuthutha, kanye nasembhalweni okhethekile - i-ADR (Isivumelwano SaseYurophu Sokuthuthwa Kwezimpahla Zomhlaba Wonke).

izimpahla eziyingozi - lena yimpahla engalimaza abantu nemvelo uma kwenzeka ingozi, ichitheka, iwela emanzini, enhlabathini, njalo njalo. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zengozi: ezinobuthi, ezinobuthi, ezinomsakazo, i-oxidizing, ezivuthayo. Kukhona namakilasi ama-hazard esikalini esisuka ku-1 kuye ku-XNUMX.

Ngeke sizibale zonke ngokuningiliziwe, ngoba sekuvele kusobala ukuthi, ngokwesibonelo, amaloli kaphethiloli athutha impahla eyingozi futhi uma kwenzeka ingozi, imiphumela ingaba mibi kakhulu - isibhamu esimangalisayo esivela eziphehlweni zaseMelika zokuthi amathangi kaphethiloli aqhuma kanjani, wonke umuntu wabona.

Ngokusho kwe-ADR efanayo, kukhona uhlu olukhulu lweziqukathi lapho izinto ezinjalo zingathuthwa khona: imiphongolo, amathangi, iziqukathi zensimbi, njalonjalo. Kanjalo, konke lokhu kuzobhekwa ngokucophelela kwaCustoms uma uthutha izimpahla ezinjalo ngezokuthutha zomgwaqo.

Imithetho efanayo eqinile ikhona emthethweni wasekhaya, sizoyicabangela.

Imithetho yokuthuthwa kwezimpahla eziyingozi eRussian Federation

Izidingo zavunywa nguMnyango Wezokuthutha emuva ngo-1995, futhi kusukela lapho azikho izinguquko ezikhethekile ezenziwe kuzo ezithinta incazelo evamile.

Ingxenye yokuqala yombhalo "Izihlinzeko Ezijwayelekile", ehlola umqondo ngokwawo ngokuningiliziwe, inikeza izixhumanisi kuma-GOST ahlukahlukene kanye nezivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe.

Inhlangano yezokuthutha

Ake sibhale amaphuzu asemqoka:

• lo msebenzi unelayisensi, imoto isesimweni esihle, isigaba somshayeli sihambisana nezindinganiso, kukhona i-tachograph ephoqelekile;
• ezokuthutha zenziwa kuphela uma kunemvume - ikhishwa iziphathimandla ze-Avtodor, imvume ingaba ngendiza eyodwa noma yeqembu lonke lezokuthutha, abathwali abafanayo abenza lo msebenzi ngokuqhubekayo bathola imvume isebenza izinyanga eziyisi-6;
• wonke amadokhumenti anamathiselwe emthwalweni, ongachazi nje kuphela izici nesigaba sengozi, kodwa futhi nezinyathelo ezidingekayo uma kunesimo esiphuthumayo;
• Ukulayisha nokuthulula kwenziwa ngabasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe.

Kukhona neziqondiso mayelana nokulebula izimoto. Ngakho-ke, ezinhlangothini noma amathangi sebenzisa upende olufanele kanye nemibhalo - "Evuthayo" noma "I-Corrosive" njalonjalo. Isibonelo, uma sikhuluma ngokuthuthwa kukaphethiloli we-diesel, ithangi lipendwe nge-orange futhi libhala "Ukuvutha".

Ukuphelezela, ibanga, izinyathelo zokuphepha

Lapho uthuthwa nge-convoy, kuqashelwa lezi zinyathelo zokuphepha ezilandelayo:

• ibanga phakathi kwezimoto kukholomu okungenani amamitha angu-50;
• lapho ushayela emigwaqweni enzima, ezindaweni zezintaba - ibanga okungenani lamamitha angu-300;
• ezimweni zokungabonakali okwanele (iqhwa, inkungu, imvula), lapho ukubonakala kungaphansi kwamamitha angu-300, ukulethwa kungase kuvinjelwe - lesi sikhathi sichazwe ngokuningiliziwe kumadokhumenti ahambisanayo omthwalo ngamunye othize;
• kanye nomshayeli, kufanele kube khona umdluliseli enqoleni, futhi kuqokwe nomholi wekholomu, obhekene nokuhambisana nazo zonke izindinganiso;
• ukupaka kungase kwenqatshelwe emadolobheni uma izimpahla zibhekwa "njengeziyingozi kakhulu".

Ngokwehlukana, isikhathi esifana nesokugcina amandla siyabalulwa. Okungukuthi, amathangi kufanele agcwaliswe ukuze umthamo wabo wanele okungenani amakhilomitha angu-500 omzila.

Uma i-escort ihlinzekiwe, khona-ke imoto yamaphoyisa omgwaqo ishayela phambi kwe-convoy ikhanyise ibhanoni elikhanyayo.

Iphuzu elibalulekile ukuthi ochungechungeni lwezimoto ezinhlanu noma ngaphezulu, kunelinye iloli lesigaba esifanayo ku-convoy, alinalutho futhi lisebenza njengesipele uma kwenzeka izimo eziphuthumayo ezingalindelekile.

Ezinye izinto

Ngenhla, sinikeze zonke lezo zidingo eziphathelene ngqo nabashayeli kanye nenqubo yezokuthutha. Noma kunjalo, idokhumenti egunyazwe uMnyango Wezokuthutha ibanzi kakhulu, yonke imininingwane ikhonjisiwe kuyo.

Ake sibhale amaphuzu ngaphandle kokugxila kakhulu kuwo:

• ubudlelwano bezinkampani zokuthutha izimoto namakhasimende - izibopho zomthumeli kanye nomthumeli (amakamelo okugcina alungisiwe, amathangi nezinye iziqukathi kufanele zihlanzwe ngemuva kokulayishwa, njalonjalo);
• izidingo zokupakisha - ezinqunyelwe zonke izinhlobo zempahla;
• izidingo zomshayeli nabasebenzi;
• imithetho yokuthuthwa kwezinhlobo ezithile zezimpahla.

Okuthakaselayo kakhulu kungaba into esesimweni sobuchwepheshe bemoto:

• umshayeli kufanele abe nesethi yamathuluzi kuye ukuze aqede noma yikuphi ukuphuka endleleni;
• isicishamlilo, ifosholo, isihlabathi sokucisha umlilo;
• ama-counterstops (izicathulo) zesondo ngalinye;
• isethi yosizo lokuqala kanye nezindlela zokuqeda izinto eziyingozi;
• izimpawu ezibonisa izinga lengozi - ziqiniswe ngokuqinile emotweni ngokwayo;
• amalambu awolintshi - abekwe ebangeni elingamamitha ayi-10 ngaphambi nangemuva kwemoto uma kwenzeka ilala ebusuku noma isitobhi esiphuthumayo.

Kuphinde kuthiwe akuvumelekile ukuthutha iziqhumane ezimotweni okufakwe kuzo izinto ze-gas-balloon.

Njengoba ubona, ukuthuthwa kwempahla eyingozi kuwumsebenzi onzima kakhulu. Nokho, nsuku zonke amathangi anezinto ezinhlobonhlobo afika eMoscow nakwamanye amadolobha, kuhlanganise negesi ewuketshezi ezofakwa eziteshini zokugcwalisa, futhi asivamile ukufunda ezindabeni ukuthi kube khona ukuqhuma noma izingozi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kunakwa kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha, futhi abephula umthetho bajeziswe kanzima.

Izinhlawulo

Izindatshana ezimbili zinikezelwe kule nkinga kuKhodi Yamacala Okuphatha - 12.21.2 ingxenye 1 kanye 12.21.2 ingxenye 2.

Ngokusho kwabokuqala, uma ukuthutha kwenziwa emotweni enezici ezingafaneleki, futhi umshayeli akanayo imvume efanelekile, kuzodingeka akhokhe ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-2-2,5. Inhlawulo enani le-15-20 400 izobekwa kwisikhulu, nasezinhlanganweni ezisemthethweni. ubuso - ruble ayizinkulungwane 500-XNUMX

Isihloko sesibili sihlinzekela isijeziso sokwephulwa kwanoma yimiphi eminye imithetho yokuthuthwa kwempahla. Ngokusho kwayo, umshayeli ukhokha inkulungwane eyodwa kuya kweyodwa nengxenye, isikhulu - 5-10 izinkulungwane, ezisemthethweni. umuntu - ruble ayizinkulungwane 150-250.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi inhlawulo kuleli cala ayisona isijeziso esinzima kakhulu. Imiphumela yobudedengu ingaba mibi kakhulu.

Iyalayisha...