Ukulahleka kokusebenza ezimotweni - kanjani futhi ngani

Ushayela ngokuzothile emgwaqeni wezimoto, futhi nakhu okwenzekayo: imoto yehlisa isivinini ngokuphazima kweso, kodwa iyaqhubeka nokuhamba njengenjwayelo. Lesi simo saziwa ngokuthi "ukulahlekelwa ukusebenza", okuthi, ngeshwa, kunezimbangela eziningi. Funda kulesi sihloko ukuthi yini engenziwa kuleli cala.

Intengo yokunethezeka nokuvikelwa kwemvelo

Imoto idinga izinto ezintathu ukuze ihambe: umoya, uphethiloli kanye nenhlansi yomlilo . Uma enye yalezi zici inganikezwa ngokwanele, inomthelela oqondile ekusebenzeni kwemoto.

Ngakho-ke, ezimotweni ezindala, imbangela yokuwohloka kokusebenza ingabonakala ngokushesha:

Ukunikezwa komoya omusha enjinini: Hlola isihlungi somoya, hlola ipayipi elikhiphayo ukuthi alivuzi yini (okuthiwa umoya wamanga noma umoya wesibili).

Okokhelekayo: Hlola iphampu yamafutha nesihlungi sikaphethiloli.

I-ignition spark: hlola ikhoyili yokuthungela, i-ignition distributor, intambo yokuthungela kanye nama-spark plugs.

Ngaleli nani elincane lezinyathelo, izimoto ezakhiwa ngaphambi kuka-1985 zazihlonyiswe ngokwanele ukuze zithole ukulahleka kokusebenza. Ngenxa yezinhlelo eziningi ezisizayo kanye namamojula okwelapha igesi exhaust ukuqeda ukulahlekelwa kokusebenza namuhla kunzima kakhulu.

Ngakho, isinyathelo sokuqala kuyinto cinga imbangela yokwehliswa kwezinga lokusebenza nge Iphutha lokufunda inkumbulo .

Izinzwa ezinephutha ziyimbangela evamile

Izinzwa zisetshenziselwa ukuthumela inani elithile kuyunithi yokulawula. Iyunithi yokulawula ibe isilawula ukuhlinzekwa komoya omusha noma uphethiloli ukuze imoto ihlale isebenza kahle.

Nokho, uma enye yezinzwa inephutha , ngeke ikhiqize noma yimaphi amanani, noma izonikeza amanani angalungile, okuyinto Isilawuli sokulawula bese ungaqondi. Nokho, amayunithi okulawula ayakwazi ukubona amanani angenakwenzeka. Ngakho inani elingalungile igcinwe kumemori, lapho ingafundwa khona. Ngale ndlela, inzwa enephutha ingatholakala ngokushesha nomfundi ofanele. .

Ukuzwa iqukethe ikhanda lokulinganisa kanye nomugqa wesignali. ikhanda lokulinganisa iqukethe i-resistor eshintsha inani layo kuye ngezimo zemvelo . Ngakho, inhloko yokulinganisa enephutha noma ulayini wesignali owonakele kuholela ekuhlulekeni kwenzwa. Izinzwa ezijwayelekile:

Imitha yesisindo somoya: ilinganisa inani le-air mass elithathwe kuyo.

Inzwa ye-Boost pressure: ikala umfutho we-boost okhiqizwa i-turbocharger, i-G-supercharger, noma i-compressor.

Inzwa yezinga lokushisa elithathayo: Ilinganisa izinga lokushisa lomoya wokungena.

Inzwa yezinga lokushisa lenjini: ivamise ukulenga kusekethe epholile futhi ngaleyo ndlela ikala izinga lokushisa lenjini ngokungaqondile.

inzwa ye-crankshaft: ikala i-engeli yokujikeleza kwe-crankshaft.

Inzwa ye-Camshaft: Ikala i-engeli yokujikeleza kwe-camshaft.

Lambda probe: ikala i-oksijini esele kumagesi aphumayo.

Inzwa yeleveli kusihlungi se-particle: ikala isimo somthwalo wesistimu yokuhlanza igesi ephumayo.

Izinzwa zivame ukuklanywa njengezingxenye zokugqoka . Ukuwashintsha kulula. Inani lezinanyathiselwa ezidinga ukususwa ukuze kushintshwe lincane uma kuqhathaniswa. Them intengo yokuthenga futhi isenengqondo kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izingxenye. Ngemva kokufaka inzwa, inkumbulo yephutha kuyunithi yokulawula kufanele isethwe kabusha. . Khona-ke ukulahlekelwa kokukhiqiza kufanele kuqedwe okwamanje.

Ubudala akusona isizathu kuphela

Izinzwa ziyizingxenye ezigqokwayo ezinobude besikhathi obulinganiselwe kakhulu . Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukutadisha ngokucophelela ukungasebenzi kahle kwenzwa. Inzwa okusobala ukuthi ishile ayihlangene nokuguga ngenxa yokuguga. Kulokhu, kukhona elinye iphutha elijulile okufanele lilungiswe. .

Yiqiniso, kungenzeka futhi ukuthi amanani anikezwe inzwa alungile, kodwa iqembu lezingxenye lapho amanani akalwa khona linephutha. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, lapho ukulahlekelwa amandla okusebenza kungabonakali ngenzwa yokushintsha futhi futhi umlayezo wephutha ofanayo uzovezwa, ulandelwe " jula ".

Izizathu eziningi zokulahleka kokusebenza zisalula: izihlungi zomoya ezivalekile, amapulaki ezinhlansi anephutha noma izintambo zokubasa, amapayipi amanzi ambozayo angaholela ezinkingeni ezaziwayo ngisho nasezimotweni zesimanje. . Kodwa-ke, okwamanje, izinzwa ziwakhomba ngendlela enokwethenjelwa.

Ukwehluleka kwenjini njengesignali yesixwayiso

Ngokwezinga elithile, isimiso sesimanje sokulawula imoto singayivimbela ukuba icishe izibhubhise ngokwayo. . Ukuze wenze lokhu, iyunithi yokulawula ishintshela injini kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi " uhlelo oluphuthumayo ".

Lokhu kuphumela ekulimaleni okuphawulekayo kokusebenza kanye nesaziso kubha yamathuluzi. Lolu hlelo oluphuthumayo luyasebenza, isibonelo, lapho injini iqala ukushisa ngokweqile . Umsebenzi wohlelo oluphuthumayo ukuletha imoto endaweni yokusebenzela elandelayo ngokuphepha ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngakho-ke, akufanele nanini uzibe noma wamukele ukuthi imoto ishaya kancane. Uma ulinda isikhathi eside, uzifaka engcupheni yokulimaza injini naphezu kohlelo oluphuthumayo. . Lokhu kungenzeka kalula ngezindaba ezishisayo.

I-valve ye-EGR njengomkhawulo wokusebenza

Enye yezingxenye zesistimu yokwelapha igesi ephumayo yezimoto zikadizili ivalvu ye-EGR. . Iphakela amagesi akhiphayo avele ashisiwe abuyele ekamelweni elivuthayo, ngaleyo ndlela ehlise izinga lokushisa lokusebenza. Ngenxa yalokho, a i-nitrogen oxide encane .

Kodwa-ke, i-valve ye-EGR isengozini enkulu yokuba " amalahle ". Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinhlayiya ze-soot ziyanqwabelana. Lokhu kunciphisa ukusebenza kwe-valve futhi kunciphise isiteshi. Ngakho-ke, i-valve ye-EGR kufanele ihlanzwe njalo. . Uma i-valve ye-EGR inesici, lokhu kubuye kubikwe eyunithi yokulawula. Uma iphutha liqhubeka, iyunithi yokulawula ingase iqale kabusha uhlelo oluphuthumayo lwenjini, okuholela ekusebenzeni okunciphile.

Ukulahlekelwa kancane kancane kokusebenza ngokuya ngeminyaka

Izinjini ziyizingxenye eziguqukayo ezinezingxenye eziningi ezihambayo. . Ukusebenza kwabo kunqunywa kakhulu isilinganiso sokucindezela, okungukuthi izinga lokucindezelwa kwengxube ye-fuel-air.

Izingxenye ezimbili zibalulekile lapha: ama-valve namasongo e-piston. I-valve evuzayo iholela ekuhlulekeni ngokushesha cishe kwe-cylinder yonke. Nokho, lesi sici singabonakala ngokushesha.

Nokho, indandatho ye-piston enephutha kungase kungabonakali isikhathi esithile. Ukulahleka kokusebenza lapha kuzoba okucashile futhi kancane kancane. Kuphela uma indandatho ye-piston ivumela uwoyela wokugcoba ukuba ungene ekamelweni elivuthayo lapho lokhu kuzotholwa ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka wamagesi okukhipha umoya. Ngaleso sikhathiNokho, injini isivele ilahlekelwe impela amandla amaningi. Lokhu kulungisa kungenye yezinto ezinzima kakhulu ongaba nazo emotweni. .

I-Turbocharger njengephuzu elibuthakathaka

Ama-Turbocharger asetshenziselwa ukucindezela umoya owuthathayo futhi akhuphule ingcindezi yokungena .

Indlela ezisebenza ngayo ilula kakhulu: ophephela ababili baxhunywe ku-shaft endlini . Isikulufu esisodwa siqhutshwa ukugeleza kwamagesi e-exhaust. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi isikulufu sesibili sizungeze. Umsebenzi wayo ukucindezela umoya owukhiphayo. I-turbocharger ehlulekile ayisacindezeli umoya , injini iphelelwa amandla futhi imoto ihamba kancane. Ama-Turbocharger kulula ukuwashintsha kodwa abiza kakhulu njengengxenye. .

Qaphela

Ukulahlekelwa ukusebenza kwemoto kungaba nembangela encane, engabizi, futhi engasho lutho. Kodwa-ke, imvamisa lokhu kuyinkomba yomonakalo omkhulu kakhulu wenjini. Yingakho ungalokothi uzibe lesi sibonakaliso, kodwa ngokushesha uqale ukuphenya imbangela futhi ulungise umonakalo. Ngale ndlela, uma unenhlanhla, ungavimbela iphutha elikhulu.