Ubisi olulandelwayo kanye nobisi oluncane - iyiphi ifomula ongakhetha ngemva kokuncelisa?

Lapho ingane yakho inezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala, ubisi, kuyilapho kusewumgogodla wokudla kwakhe, kancane kancane luyayeka ukuba ukuphela kokudla kwakhe. Futhi nakuba ubisi lwebele luseyisinqumo esingcono kakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi udinga ukusebenzisa ubisi oluhambisana nalo. Lizohluka kancane kubisi lokuqala ngoba izidingo zomntwana ziyashintsha. Kusukela nini ngingalunikeza ubisi olulandelayo? Ungabethula kanjani ekudleni? Kuyini ubisi "junior" futhi nini ukukhetha?

dr n. ipulazi. UMaria Kaspshak

Ubisi olulandelayo - ngemva kokuqala ubisi noma ukuncelisa

Nakuba ukuncelisa ibele kunikeza ingane izinzuzo ezinkulu kakhulu zezempilo futhi kufanele kuqhubeke isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka (okungenani kuze kube unyaka, noma ngisho neminyaka emi-2-3), amaqiniso okuphila ngokuvamile aphoqelela umama ukuba ayeke ukuncelisa ibele kusenesikhathi. Ngezinye izikhathi ukuncelisa ibele akunakwenzeka nhlobo, ngakho-ke ingane yakho inikezwa ubisi lwebhodlela kusukela izalwa. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyiphi indlela yokuncelisa okwedlule, uma umama enquma ukufaka ubisi olulungisiwe ekudleni kwengane ngemva kwenyanga yesithupha yokuphila, kufanele kube yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi ifomula yokulandela, eyaziwa nangokuthi "ifomula yokulandela", ephawulwe. ephaketheni elinenombolo 2. Ubisi lokulandelela luhluke kancane kubisi lokuqala. Ngokuvamile iqukethe amaprotheni amaningi, okusansimbi kanye novithamini D, futhi ukwakheka kokudla okunomsoco kuhambisana nezidingo zengane esikhulile kancane. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ubisi olulandelayo alukwazi ukuba ukudla kuphela kwengane - ngalesi sikhathi, ukwanda kancane kancane kokudla ngokudla kokuqala okuhambisanayo kuqala.

Indlela yokwethula ubisi olulandelayo ekudleni komntwana?

Noma yiziphi izinguquko ekudleni komntwana noma ingane encane kufanele zenziwe kancane kancane, ngezinyathelo ezincane. Ngakho-ke, sizonikeza isisu isikhathi sokujwayela izinguquko. Uma ubisi olulandelayo lwethulwa ngemva kokuncelisa, ungakwazi kancane kancane ukunciphisa inani lokuphakelayo futhi ubeke ingxenye yobisi lukamama ngokulandelayo - okokuqala, bese kuba ababili, njll kamama nengane. Kungcono ukubonisana nodokotela, umbelethisi noma umxhumanisi we-lactation ojwayele umama nomntwana. Uchwepheshe uzokusiza ukuthi uhlele lolu shintsho futhi aphakamise uhlobo lobisi olulandelayo oluzifanela kangcono izidingo zomntwana wakho ngamunye.

Ukushintshwa kobisi lwengane kuya obisini olulandelayo kufanele futhi kwenziwe kancane kancane, kubhekwe ngokucophelela ukusabela kwengane. Lapha ungasebenzisa indlela "yengxenye ngengxenye", i.e. qala unikeze ingane ingxenye eyodwa yobisi ngokulandelayo, futhi kwezinye izidlo unikeze ubisi lokuqala, ngemva kwesikhashana buyisela ama-servings amabili, bese kuba kathathu, njll, kuze kube yilapho ekugcineni idluliselwa ngokuphelele ubisi olulandelayo.

Enye indlela "isilinganiso sokulinganisa". Ingasetshenziswa ikakhulukazi uma ushintshela obisini olulandelayo oluvela kumkhiqizi ofanayo osebenzisa ama-scoops afanayo futhi indlela yokulungiselela amalungiselelo ayo imisiwe. Uma (ngokwesibonelo) usebenzisa izipuni ezintathu zempushana ekunikezeni ubisi ngalunye, unganikeza izipuni ezimbili zobisi oludala nesipunu esisodwa sobisi olusha kuqala. Khona-ke, lapho konke sekuhlelekile, ungangeza izipuni ezimbili zobisi olulandelayo kanye nesipunu esisodwa sobisi lokuqala. Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukusebenzisa kuphela ubisi olulandelayo. Uma ingane yakho iphuza kakhulu futhi isebenzisa izikophu eziningi zempushana, inqubo izobandakanya izinyathelo ezengeziwe. Lapha, futhi, kungcono ukubonisana nochwepheshe onakekela le ngane ukuze asize ekudwebeni uhlelo oluningiliziwe loshintsho olunjalo.

Ubisi oluncane lwezingane ezingaphezu konyaka owodwa ubudala.

Ubisi lokulandelela ngokuvamile lunikezwa izingane ezinempilo kuze kube unyaka ubudala. Ingane enonyaka owodwa, ngokwencazelo esemthethweni, iyayeka ukuba "usana" futhi iyingxenye yeqembu "labantwana abancane", okungukuthi izingane ezineminyaka engu-13-36 (iminyaka engu-1-3). Ukudla kwengane enjalo kuvame ukuhlukahluka, kodwa usadinga ubisi. Lapho ingane isikhulile, idinga ubisi oluncane nokunye ukudla okwengeziwe. Nokho, ngisho nezinsana ezingaphezu konyaka owodwa ubudala zikhuthazwa ukuba zincelise ngaphezu kokunye ukudla. Ubisi lukamama luhlala lwakhiwe ngokwezidingo zomntwana futhi lusiza nasekumvikeleni ezifweni.

Kodwa-ke, iningi lezingane ezinonyaka owodwa ePoland azisancelisi futhi zinganikezwa imikhiqizo yobisi ngendlela yobisi lwezingane oluguquliwe (ifomula yomntwana wobisi). Ukukhiqizwa kwalo akusalawulwa ngokuqinile njengokukhiqizwa kobisi lwezingane. Ubisi oluncane luyimikhiqizo ebhalwe inombolo engu-3 (yezingane ezinezinyanga ezingu-12-24), 4 (izingane ezineminyaka emibili ubudala), kanti abanye abakhiqizi baze bakhiqize ubisi 5 (kubantwana abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-2,5 ubudala). Ubisi olusha olusha kufanele futhi lufakwe kancane kancane ekudleni kwengane, ikakhulukazi uma kuyifomula yokuqala ngemva kokuncelisa ibele noma lapho kushintsha ama-brand.

Kuyafaneleka ukukhumbula ukuthi uma ingane inempilo futhi ingenayo i-allergies, khona-ke ngemva kokuba ingane ifinyelele unyaka owodwa, ungamvumela kancane kancane ukuthi azame ubisi oluvamile kanye nemikhiqizo yobisi omuncu. Uma ingane yakho ingakwazi ukubekezelela, ungakwazi kancane kancane ukwandisa inani lobisi ekudleni kwakhe. Kodwa-ke, ubisi lwezinsana kufanele lunikezwe izingane ezincane njengoba luqiniswe ngensimbi, uvithamini D kanye namafutha abalulekile. Lezi zithako zibaluleke kakhulu ekukhuleni kwezingane ezincane futhi zingase zibe nokuntula ukudla okuvamile.

Ukuphuza ubisi - i-łaciate junior yenziwe kanjani ngekhadibhodi ihluke kanjani kubisi olujwayelekile?

Ezitolo zegrosa, ungathola izinhlobo zobisi ezidumile emaphaketheni anemibalabala, abhalwe ukuthi "junior" futhi akhangiswa njengenzelwe izingane ngokukhethekile - lezo ezikhulile, vele, ezingasadingi ukuthola ubisi olulungisiwe. Lolu bisi "lobusha" aluhlangene nezingxube zobisi, luwubisi lwenkomo olunamafutha agcwele. Uma sibheka ithebula lemininingwane yezokudla okunempilo kuleli phakethe, siyabona ukuthi lolu bisi luhluka obisini olujwayelekile kuphela ngamafutha aphezulu angaba ngu-3,8%, uma kuqhathaniswa nobisi oluvame ukudayiswa, u-3,2% noma u-2%. Abakhiqizi bathi ubisi olunamafutha amaningi lunomsoco enganeni. Iqiniso liwukuthi inamakhalori amaningi futhi okuqukethwe kwamavithamini ancibilikayo kungahle kube phezulu ngokulinganayo kunasebisini lwe-skim. Ubisi olunamafutha agcwele lunganambitha kangcono, njengoba amafutha ethwala ukunambitheka. Nokho, empeleni, lokhu akusho lutho kangako, njengoba izingane zasenkulisa nesafunda ngokuvamile zidla izinhlobonhlobo zokudla, okuhlanganisa ibhotela namanye amafutha. Ngakho-ke kubonakala kungabalulekile ukuthi ingane iphuza isemishi lebhulakufesi elinamafutha agcwele noma ubisi lwe-skim. Okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ukudla kwengane yabo bonke ubudala, njengokudla komuntu omdala, kufanele kuhluke futhi kuhlelwe ngendlela yokumnika zonke izithako ezidingekayo kulesi sigaba sokukhula.

I-Bibliography

1. “Umhlahlandlela Wokondleka Kwezingane. Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo kusukela ekuzalweni kuya kosuku lokuqala lokuzalwa.
2. Hoysack I., Bronski J., Campoy S., Domelleuf M., Embleton N., Fiedler Mies N., Hulst J., Indrio F., Lapillonne A., Molgaard S., Vora R., Feutrell M.; Ikomidi Lokudla Kwe-ESPGHAN. Ifomula Yezingane Ezincane: Iphepha Lesikhundla SeKomidi Le-ESPGHAN Lokudla Okunomsoco. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2018 January; 66(1): 177-185. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000001821. I-PMID: 29095351.
3. UMQONDO WEKHOMISHINI 2006/141/EC yangomhla zingama-22 kuZibandlela wezi-2006 mayelana nefomula yezingane kanye nokudla okuhambisanayo kanye nokuchibiyela Umyalelo 1999/21/EC (Umbhalo ophathelene ne-EEA) (OJ L 401, 30.12.2006, p. 1)

Ubisi lukamama luyindlela engcono kakhulu yokondla izingane. Ubisi oluguquliwe lwengeza ekudleni kwezingane, ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene, ezingakwazi ukuncelisa.