Ingxenye yekhulu leminyaka yeNyunyana 2
Ingxenye yekhulu leminyaka ukuya kuNyunyana
Ukuhlaziywa kwezindiza zomkhumbi-mkhathi we-Soyuz-2 no--3 kubonise ukuthi yomibili imikhumbi iphila ngokuvumelana namathemba abekwe kuyo. Uma isici somuntu sasingazange sehluleke, iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu lohlelo lwendiza - uxhumano lwabo - ngabe seliqediwe. Kulesi simo, kwakungenzeka ukuzama ukuphinda umsebenzi okwakhelwe wona umkhumbi-mkhathi i-7K-OK - ukuhlolwa kwekhawunta, ukuxhumana ku-orbit kanye nokudluliselwa kosomkhathi besuka komunye umkhumbi baye komunye endaweni yabo.
7K-OK – ngenhlanhla eguquguqukayo
Kungani osomkhathi behamba phezulu? Okokuqala, ngoba ngale ndlela i-Soviet lunar naut in orbit around the Moon kwakudingeka isuke emkhunjini we-orbital iye emkhunjini wohambo futhi ibuyele emuva, futhi lokhu kusebenza kwadingeka kufundwe ngokucophelela eduze noMhlaba. Ukundiza kweSoyuz-4 neSoyuz-5 kwenziwa ngendlela efanele eningini lezinto zayo - imikhumbi yahlangana futhi yaxhunywa endleleni yokuqala. Phakathi nenguquko, u-Eliseev walahlekelwa ikhamera yakhe, futhi uKhrunov wabanjwa yizintambo zamandla amasudi akhe, kodwa lokhu akuzange kuthinte umphumela ophelele wokuhlolwa.
Kwavela isimo esiyingozi kakhulu lapho i-Soyuz 5 ibuyela eMhlabeni. I-LEO compartment ayizange ihlukane nemodule yokufika futhi umkhumbi waqala ukungena emkhathini nekhala lawo livuliwe. Uhlaka lwensimbi lwe-titanium lwe-hatch lwaqala ukuncibilika, uphawu lwalo lwangaphakathi lwenjoloba lwabhidlika ngokuphelele, namagesi avela ekushiseni kwesihlangu esivuthayo aqala ukugelezela endaweni ehlala phansi. Ngomzuzu wokugcina, ngenxa yokushisa okwandayo, isistimu yokuhlukanisa ikhophi yasebenza, futhi ngemva kokushiya i-PAO, umnikazi wendawo wayesesimweni esifanele sokuhlasela kanye nokufika kwe-ballistic.
I-Volynov yayiyimizuzwana nje yokufa. Khona kanye ukuphela kwendiza nakho kwakukude nalokho okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlalisa okuthambile. Ipharashute libe nenkinga yokusimamisa imoto eyehlayo njengoba ibizungeza i-longitudinal axis, okucishe kwaholela ekuweni kombhede wayo. Umthelela onamandla ebusweni boMhlaba ubangele ukuphuka okuningi kwezimpande zamazinyo omhlathi angaphezulu kasonkanyezi. Lokhu kuqeda isigaba sokuqala socwaningo lwendiza lwe-7K-OK.
Ukukhiqizwa kwayo kwathatha imikhumbi eyishumi nantathu, noma, njengoba beyibiza kanjalo, imishini, esikhundleni semine ehleliwe. Isikhathi esinqunyiwe sokuqeda le misebenzi sanwetshwa izikhathi eziningi; esikhundleni sentwasahlobo ka-1967, yaqedwa cishe eminyakeni emibili kamuva. Ngalesi sikhathi, kwacaca ukuthi umjaho namaMelika ukuya eNyangeni wawulahlekile ngokuphelele; abaqhudelana nabo babeqede ngempumelelo izindiza ezifanayo futhi base bekwenzile izikhathi eziningi ngaphambi kokuphela kuka-1966. Ngisho nomlilo we-Apollo, owadlula nemiphefumulo yezisebenzi zayo zonke, ubambezele uhlelo ngonyaka nesigamu kuphela.
Kulesi simo, abantu baqala ukuzibuza ukuthi benzeni ngemikhumbi ye-OK esele. Ekwindla (ngakho-ke, ngemva kokufika ngempumelelo kwezisebenzi ze-Apollo 11 eNyangeni), imikhumbi-mkhathi ye-Soyuz emithathu yethulwa ngezikhathi ezithile zosuku olulodwa. Ababili babo (7 no-8) bekufanele baxhumane, kanti eyesithathu (6) bekufanele ithwebule ifilimu ukusuka ku-300 kuya ku-50 m. Ngeshwa, kwavela ukuthi i-Igla approach system ku-Soyuz-8 ayizange. umsebenzi. . Ekuqaleni, imikhumbi emibili ihlukaniswe ngamakhilomitha amaningana, ibanga lancishiswa libe yi-1700 m, kodwa lokhu kwakuphindwe kahlanu kunalokho okwakungazanywa ngesandla. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuhlolwa kwe-optical ye-Soyuz-7 crew "Svinets" (ukubona ukuqaliswa kwemicibisholo ye-ballistic), kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-metallurgical "Vulcan" (ukuhlola ukushiselwa kukagesi kwezinsimbi endaweni yokuhlala ecindezelekile ye-Soyuz- 6 ship) kube yimpumelelo.
