ukuphuka kwephampu kawoyela

ukuphuka kwephampu kawoyela zingalimaza kakhulu injini evuthayo yangaphakathi yemoto, ngoba ziphazamisa ukuhamba okuvamile kwamafutha enjini ngohlelo. Izizathu zokuwohloka kungase kube uwoyela wekhwalithi ephansi osetshenzisiwe, izinga lawo eliphansi ku-crankcase, ukwehluleka kwe-valve yokunciphisa ingcindezi, ukungcoliswa kwesihlungi sikawoyela, ukuvala i-mesh ye-oil receiver, nezinye ezimbalwa. Ungahlola isimo sephampu kawoyela noma ngaphandle kokuyidiliza.

Izimpawu zokwehluleka kwephampu kawoyela

Kunezimpawu ezimbalwa ezijwayelekile zephampu kawoyela ehlulekile. Lokhu kubandakanya:

• Ukunciphisa umfutho kawoyela enjinini yangaphakathi evuthayo. Lokhu kuzoboniswa isibani se-oiler kudeshibhodi.
• Ukwandisa umfutho kawoyela enjinini yangaphakathi evuthayo. uwoyela ukhanywa ngaphandle kwezimpawu ezihlukahlukene kanye namalunga ohlelweni. Isibonelo, izigxivizo zamafutha, ama-gaskets, izixhumanisi zokuhlunga uwoyela. Ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu, ngenxa yokucindezela ngokweqile ohlelweni lwamafutha, imoto yenqaba ukuqala nhlobo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinxephezelo ze-hydraulic ngeke zisakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yazo, futhi, ngokufanele, ama-valve awasebenzi kahle.
• Ukwenyuka kokusetshenziswa kukawoyela. kubonakala ngenxa yokuvuza noma intuthu.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, udinga ukuqonda ukuthi ezinye zazo zingase futhi zibonise ukwehluleka kwezinye izakhi zesistimu kawoyela. Ngakho-ke, kuyinto efiselekayo ukwenza ukuqinisekiswa ku-complex.

Izimbangela zokuhluleka kwephampu kawoyela

Isizathu sokuthi kungani iphampu kawoyela yehluleka singanqunywa ngokuxilonga. Kukhona okungenani amaphutha ayi-8 ephampu kawoyela ayisisekelo. Lokhu kubandakanya:

• Isisefo samafutha esivalekile. Itholakala endaweni yokungena empompini, futhi umsebenzi wayo ukuhlunga uwoyela wenjini. Njengesihlungi samafutha sesistimu, kancane kancane sivaleka ngemfucumfucu encane kanye ne-slag (imvamisa i-slag enjalo yenziwa ngenxa yokugeza injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene).
• ukwehluleka kwe-valve yokunciphisa ukucindezela kwepompo yamafutha. Ngokuvamile i-piston ne-spring efakwe ekwakhiweni kwayo kuyahluleka.
• Gqoka endaweni engaphakathi yendlu yepompo, okuthiwa "isibuko". ibonakala ngezizathu zemvelo ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwemoto.
• Ukugqokwa kwezindawo zokusebenza (izindwani, ama-splines, ama-axle) amagiya wepompo kawoyela. Kwenzeka kokubili ngesikhathi sokusebenza isikhathi eside, nangenxa yokushintshwa okungajwayelekile kwamafutha (aminyene kakhulu).
• Ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha enjini angcolile noma angafaneleki. Ukuba khona kwemfucumfucu emafutheni kungase kube ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene - ukufakwa okungalungile kwepompo noma isihlungi, ukusetshenziswa kwe-lubricating fluid esezingeni eliphansi.
• Ukuhlanganiswa ngokunganaki kwepompo. okungukuthi, imfucumfucu ehlukahlukene ivunyelwe ukungena kuwoyela noma iphampu ihlanganiswe ngokungalungile.
• Yehlisa izinga likawoyela kukhrankcase yenjini. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, ipompo isebenza ngamandla amakhulu, ngenxa yokuthi ishisa futhi ingase yehluleke ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
• Isihlungi samafutha angcolile. Lapho isihlungi sivaleke kakhulu, iphampu kufanele yenze imizamo emikhulu yokumpompa uwoyela. Lokhu kuholela ekugubheni nasekudabukeni kanye nokwehluleka okuyingxenye noma okuphelele.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yisiphi isizathu esibangele ukwehluleka kwengxenye yepompo yamafutha, kuyadingeka ukwenza isheke elinemininingwane futhi, uma kunesidingo, ukulungisa noma ukuyishintsha ngokuphelele.

Indlela yokunquma ukwehluleka kwephampu yamafutha

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokuhlola iphampu - ngaphandle kokudilizwa kanye nokudilizwa. Ngaphandle kokukhipha iphampu, ungaqiniseka kuphela ngokuphuka kwayo uma isivele isesimweni "sokufa", ngakho-ke kungcono ukuyisusa noma kunjalo ukuze wenze ukuxilonga okuningiliziwe.

Indlela yokuhlola iphampu yamafutha ngaphandle kokukhipha

Ngaphambi kokuhlola iphampu, kufanelekile ukuhlola ingcindezi kawoyela ohlelweni usebenzisa i-gauge yokucindezela. Ngakho-ke ungaqiniseka ukuthi ukukhanya komfutho kawoyela kusebenza kahle futhi kukhanyiswe ngesizathu. Ukwenza lokhu, isikali sokucindezela siyafakwa esikhundleni senzwa yokucindezela kwesibani esiphuthumayo.

Sicela uqaphele ukuthi inani lokucindezela ngokuvamile lehla ncamashi “elishisayo”, okungukuthi, enjinini evuthayo yangaphakathi efudumele. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa kufanele kwenziwe enjini efudumele futhi engenzi lutho. Amanani aphansi futhi aphezulu wengcindezi yemishini ehlukene azohluka. Isibonelo, ku-VAZ "classic" (VAZ 2101-2107), inani lengcindezi encane ephuthumayo ngu-0,35 ... 0,45 kgf / cm². Kuzimo ezinjalo lapho isibani esiphuthumayo esisephaneli yensimbi sisebenza. Ivelu yokucindezela evamile ngu-3,5 ... 4,5 kgf / cm² ngesivinini sokuzungeza esingu-5600 rpm.

Ku-"classic" efanayo ungabheka iphampu yamafutha ngaphandle kokuyisusa esihlalweni sayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukudiliza umsabalalisi, futhi ususe igiya le-pump drive. iphinde ihlole isimo sayo. Uma kukhona ukuthunjwa okuningi kuma-blades noma ku-axis yegiya ebusweni bayo, khona-ke iphampu kufanele ihlakazwe. futhi unake ama-splines egiya. Uma ziwiswe phansi, khona-ke iphampu iboshwe. Lokhu ngokuvamile kungenxa yokuba khona kwemfucumfucu kanye/noma i-slag emafutheni.

Esinye isheke ngaphandle kokudiliza iphampu ukuhlola i-backlash yenduku yayo. Lokhu kwenziwa ngendlela efanayo, kukhishwe i-distributor bese kuhlakazwa igiya. udinga ukuthatha i-screwdriver eside futhi umane uhambise isiqu ngaso. Uma kukhona ukuhlehla, khona-ke iphampu ayisebenzi. Empompini evamile yokusebenza, igebe phakathi kwezindawo zenduku nezindlu kufanele libe ngu-0,1 mm ngokulandelana, futhi akukho ukudlala.

I-oil receiver mesh

Ukuze uthole ukuqinisekiswa okwengeziwe, udinga ukuqaqa futhi uhlukanise iphampu. Lokhu kwenziwa futhi ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokuhlanza imfucumfucu yabo enqwabelene. Okokuqala udinga ukukhulula isamukeli samafutha. Kulesi simo, kuyadingeka ukuhlola isimo sendandatho yokuvala ekhona lapho kuhlangana khona. Uma iqine kakhulu, kuhle ukuyishintsha. Naka ngokukhethekile i-oil receiver mesh, ngoba ngokuvamile yiyona eyenza ipompo impompe uwoyela kabi. Ngakho-ke, uma ivalekile, idinga ukuhlanzwa, noma ishintshe ngokuphelele isamukeli samafutha sigcwaliswe nge-mesh.

Ukuhlola i-valve yokunciphisa ingcindezi

Into elandelayo okufanele ihlolwe i-valve yokunciphisa ukucindezela. Umsebenzi walesi sakhi ukukhulula ingcindezi eyeqile ohlelweni. Izingxenye eziyinhloko ziyi-piston kanye nesiphethu. Lapho ukucindezela okukhulu kufinyelelwa, isiphethu siyasebenza futhi amafutha athululelwa emuva ohlelweni nge-piston, ngaleyo ndlela alinganise ukucindezela. Ngokuvamile, ukuwohloka kwe-valve yokusiza i-oil pump pressure kubangelwa ukwehluleka kwentwasahlobo. Ilahlekelwa ukuqina kwayo noma iqhume.

Kuye ngomklamo wepompo, i-valve ingaqedwa (ivutha). Okulandelayo, udinga ukuhlola ukugqokwa kwepiston. Kunconywa ukuyihlanza nge-sandpaper enhle kakhulu, fafaza ngesifutho esihlanzekile ukuze usebenze ngokujwayelekile.

Ingaphezulu lepiston kufanele lifakwe isihlabathi ngokucophelela ukuze lingasusi insimbi eningi. Uma kungenjalo, uwoyela uzobuyela emgqeni oyinhloko ngengcindezi ephansi kunevelu ebekiwe (isibonelo, ngesivinini esingenzi lutho senjini evuthayo yangaphakathi).

Qiniseka ukuthi uhlola indawo lapho i-valve ingena khona lapho ingena khona emzimbeni. Akufanele kube khona ubungozi noma ama-burrs. Lezi zinkinga zingaholela ekunciphiseni kwengcindezi ohlelweni (ukwehla kokusebenza kahle kwepompo). Ngokuqondene ne-valve spring ye-VAZ efanayo "yakudala", ubukhulu bayo endaweni ezolile kufanele ibe ngu-38 mm.

Izindlu zamaphampu namagiya

Kuyadingeka ukuhlola isimo sezindawo zangaphakathi zekhava, izindlu zepompo, kanye nesimo sama-blades. Uma zonakaliswe kakhulu, ukusebenza kahle kwepompo kuzoncishiswa. Kukhona izivivinyo eziningana ezijwayelekile.

Ihlola imvume phakathi kwegiya nendlu yepompo kawoyela

Okokuqala ukuhlola igebe phakathi kwamagiya amabili axhumene nawo. Ukulinganisa kwenziwa kusetshenziswa isethi yama-probes akhethekile (amathuluzi okulinganisa izikhala ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene). Enye inketho i-caliper. Ngokuya ngemodeli yepompo ethile, imvume ephezulu evumelekile izohluka, ngakho-ke ulwazi olufanele kufanele lucaciswe ngokungeziwe.

Isibonelo, iphampu entsha kawoyela yasekuqaleni yemoto yeVolkswagen B3 inemvume engu-0,05 mm, futhi okuvunyelwe kakhulu ngu-0,2 mm. Uma le mvume yeqile, iphampu kufanele ishintshwe. Inani eliphakeme elifanayo le-VAZ "yakudala" lingu-0,25 mm.

Ukusebenza ngegiya lepompo likawoyela

Ukuhlolwa kwesibili ukukala imvume phakathi kwendawo yokugcina yegiya kanye nendlu yekhava yepompo. Ukuze wenze isilinganiso esivela phezulu, irula yensimbi (noma idivayisi efanayo) kufanele ibekwe phezu kwendlu yepompo futhi isebenzise ama-feeler gauge afanayo, ulinganise ibanga phakathi kobuso bokugcina bamagiya kanye nerula efakiwe. Lapha, ngokufanayo, ibanga eliphakeme elivumelekile kufanele licaciswe ngokungeziwe. Empompini efanayo ye-Passat B3, imvume ephezulu evumelekile ngu-0,15 mm. Uma inkulu, kudingeka iphampu entsha. Ku-VAZ "yakudala" leli nani kufanele libe kububanzi obungu-0,066 ... 0,161 mm. Futhi imvume ephezulu yezimo eziphuthumayo ingu-0,2 mm.

Empompini yamafutha ye-VAZ, udinga futhi ukunaka isimo se-bronze bushing yegiya lokushayela. Kukhishwe esivimbeni senjini. Uma inenani elikhulu lokuxhashazwa, khona-ke kungcono ukuyishintsha. Ngokufanayo, kufanelekile ukuhlola isimo sesihlalo sayo. Ngaphambi kokufaka i-bushing entsha, kuhle ukuyihlanza.

Uma kwenzeka umonakalo "esibukweni" kanye nama-blades ngokwawo, ungazama ukuwagaya ngemishini ekhethekile enkonzweni yemoto. Kodwa-ke, ngokuvamile lokhu akunakwenzeka noma akunakwenzeka, ngakho-ke kufanele uthenge iphampu entsha.

Lapho uthenga iphampu, kufanele ihlakazwe ngokuphelele futhi ihlolwe isimo. okungukuthi, ukuba khona kokushaya amagoli ezingxenyeni zayo, kanye nobukhulu be-backlash. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kumaphampu angabizi.

Amathiphu engeziwe

Ngokwehlukana, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuze ugweme izinkinga ngesistimu kawoyela, kuhlanganise nepompo, udinga ukuqapha izinga likawoyela ku-crankcase ngezikhathi ezithile, uhlole ikhwalithi yayo (ukuthi ngabe iphenduke yaba mnyama / yaqina), shintsha uwoyela. kanye nesihlungi samafutha ngokuhambisana nemithethonqubo. Futhi sebenzisa uwoyela wenjini ngezici ezibekwe umenzi wenjini yemoto.

Uma udinga ukuthenga iphampu entsha kawoyela, kufanele uthenge, yiqiniso, iyunithi yokuqala. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ezimotweni zamanani aphakathi nendawo naphezulu. Ozakwabo baseShayina abagcini nje ngokuba nokuphila okufushane kwenkonzo, bangabangela inkinga ngokucindezela kwamafutha ohlelweni.

Ngemva kokuphothula isheke futhi lapho uhlanganisa iphampu entsha, izingxenye zayo zangaphakathi (izindwani, i-valve yokunciphisa ingcindezi, indlu, i-shaft) kufanele igcotshwe ngamafutha ukuze ingaqali "yomile".

isiphetho

ukuwohloka, ngisho nokuncane, kwephampu kawoyela kungaholela ekulimaleni okukhulu kwezinye izakhi zenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi. Ngakho-ke, uma kunezibonakaliso zokuwohloka kwayo, kuyadingeka ukwenza isheke elifanele ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi uma kunesidingo, lilungise noma lishintshe.

Kufanelekile ukuzihlola ngokwakho kuphela uma umnikazi wemoto enolwazi olufanele ekwenzeni umsebenzi onjalo, kanye nokuqonda ukuqaliswa kwazo zonke izigaba zomsebenzi. Uma kungenjalo, kungcono ukufuna usizo kusevisi yemoto.