ukwephulwa kwenzwa yesigaba

ukwehluleka kwenzwa yesigaba, ebizwa nangokuthi i-camshaft position sensor, ibangela injini evuthayo yangaphakathi ukuthi iqale ukusebenza ngemodi yokuphakelwa kukaphethiloli ehambisanayo. Okusho ukuthi, umlomo wombhobho ngamunye uvutha kabili kaningi. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kwenzeka, ubuthi be-exhaust gas buyanda, futhi kuvela izinkinga zokuzihlola. Ukuhlukana kwenzwa akubangeli izinkinga ezinkulu kakhulu, kodwa uma kwenzeka yehluleka, ukushintshwa akubambezeleki.

Iyini inzwa yesigaba?

ukuze ubhekane nokungasebenzi kahle okungenzeka kwenzwa yesigaba, kufanelekile ukuhlala kafushane embuzweni wokuthi kuyini, kanye nesimiso sedivayisi yayo.

Ngakho, umsebenzi oyisisekelo wenzwa yesigaba (noma i-DF ngamafuphi) ukunquma indawo yomshini wokusabalalisa igesi endaweni ethile ngesikhathi. Ngokulandelayo, lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze i-ICE electronic control unit (ECU) inikeze umyalo wokujova uphethiloli ngesikhathi esithile. okungukuthi, inzwa yesigaba inquma indawo yesilinda sokuqala. ukuthungela nakho kuyavumelaniswa. Inzwa yesigaba isebenza ngokuhambisana nenzwa yokuma kwe-crankshaft.

Izinzwa zesigaba zisetshenziswa ezinjinini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi ezinomjovo ohlukaniswe ngezigaba. ziphinde zisetshenziswe ezinjinini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi, lapho kusetshenziswa uhlelo lwesikhathi se-valve eguquguqukayo. Kulokhu, izinzwa ezihlukene zivame ukusetshenziselwa ama-camshafts alawula ama-valve wokungenisa nokukhipha.

Ukusebenza kwezinzwa zesigaba zesimanje kusekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwento ebonakalayo eyaziwa ngokuthi umphumela weHholo. Itholakala eqinisweni lokuthi ku-plate ye-semiconductor, lapho ugesi kagesi ugeleza khona, lapho uhanjiswa endaweni yamagnetic, umehluko ongase ube khona (voltage) uvela. Uzibuthe unomphela ufakwa endlini yezinzwa. Ngokwenza lokhu, lokhu kusetshenziswa ngendlela yepuleti elingunxande lezinto ze-semiconductor, ezinhlangothini ezine lapho othintana nabo baxhumeke khona - okokufaka okubili nokukhipha okubili. I-Voltage isetshenziswa kweyokuqala, futhi isignali iyasuswa kwesibili. Konke lokhu kwenzeka ngesisekelo semiyalo evela kuyunithi yokulawula ye-elekthronikhi ngesikhathi esithile.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezinzwa zesigaba - slot kanye nokuphela. Zinefomu elihlukile, kodwa zisebenza ngesimiso esifanayo. Ngakho-ke, ebusweni be-camshaft kukhona umaka (elinye igama yi-benchmark), futhi ngesikhathi sokujikeleza kwayo, i-magnet efakwe ekwakhiweni kwenzwa irekhoda ukuhamba kwayo. Isistimu (i-converter yesibili) yakhelwe endlini yezinzwa, eguqula isignali etholiwe ibe ulwazi "oluqondakalayo" lweyunithi yokulawula i-electronic. Izinzwa zokuphela zinomklamo onjalo uma kunozibuthe ongapheli ekugcineni kwazo, “obona” ukudlula kwebhentshimakhi eduze kwenzwa. Kuzinzwa ze-slot, ukusetshenziswa komumo wohlamvu "P" kushiwo. Futhi ibhentshimakhi ehambisanayo kudiski yokusabalalisa idlula phakathi kwezindiza ezimbili zekesi lenzwa yesikhundla sesigaba esifakiwe.

Kuma-ICE kaphethiloli womjovo, i-master disk kanye nenzwa yesigaba kumiswa ukuze i-pulse evela kunzwa yakheke futhi idluliselwe kukhompyutha ngesikhathi isilinda sokuqala sidlula isikhungo saso esiphezulu esifile. lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuvumelanisa kokuphakelwa kukaphethiloli kanye nomzuzu wokunikezwa kwenhlansi yokuthungela ingxube yamafutha omoya. Ngokusobala, inzwa yesigaba inomphumela wokuzisholo ekusebenzeni kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi iyonke.

Izimpawu zokuhluleka kwenzwa yesigaba

Ngokuhluleka okuphelele noma okuyingxenye kwenzwa yesigaba, iyunithi yokulawula ye-elekthronikhi ishintsha ngenkani injini evuthayo yangaphakathi iye kumodi yomjovo kaphethiloli wepharaphase. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isikhathi sokujova uphethiloli sisekelwe ekufundweni kwenzwa ye-crankshaft. Ngenxa yalokho, umjovo kaphethiloli ngamunye ujova uphethiloli kabili kaningi. lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ingxube yamafutha omoya iyakhiwa kusilinda ngasinye. Kodwa-ke, akwakhiwa ngesikhathi esifanele kakhulu, okuholela ekwehleni kwamandla enjini yomlilo yangaphakathi, kanye nokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kukaphethiloli (nakuba kuncane, nakuba lokhu kuncike kumodeli ethile yenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi. ).

Izimpawu zokwehluleka kwenzwa yesigaba yilezi:

• ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli;
• ubuthi be-exhaust gases buyanda, buzozwakala ngephunga lamagesi okukhipha, ikakhulukazi uma i-catalyst ikhishwa;
• Injini evuthayo yangaphakathi iqala ukusebenza ngokungazinzi, okuphawuleka kakhulu ngesivinini esiphansi (esingenzi lutho);
• i-dynamics yokusheshisa imoto iyancipha, kanye namandla enjini yayo yangaphakathi evuthayo;
• isibani sesexwayiso se-Check Engine sicushiwe kudeshibhodi, futhi lapho siskena amaphutha, izinombolo zabo zizohlotshaniswa nenzwa yesigaba, isibonelo, iphutha p0340;
• ngesikhathi sokuqala injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ngamasekhondi angu-3 ... 4, isiqalisi siphendulela injini yomlilo yangaphakathi "engasebenzi", emva kwalokho injini iqala (lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imizuzwana yokuqala iyunithi yokulawula i-elekthronikhi yenza ayitholi noma yiluphi ulwazi oluvela kunzwa, emva kwalokho ishintshela kumodi ephuthumayo ngokuzenzakalelayo, ngokusekelwe kudatha evela kunzwa ye-crankshaft position).

Ngaphezu kwalezi zimpawu ezingenhla, ngokuvamile lapho inzwa yesigaba ihluleka, kuba nezinkinga ngohlelo lokuzihlola lwemoto. okungukuthi, ngesikhathi sokuqala, umshayeli uphoqeleka ukuthi avule isiqalisi isikhathi eside kunokujwayelekile (imvamisa imizuzwana engu-6 ... 10, kuye ngokuthi imodeli yemoto kanye nenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi efakwe kuyo). Futhi ngalesi sikhathi, ukuzihlola kweyunithi yokulawula i-elekthronikhi kwenzeka, okuholela ekwakhiweni kwamaphutha afanelekile kanye nokudluliselwa kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi ekusebenzeni okuphuthumayo.

ukwehluleka kwenzwa yesigaba emotweni ene-LPG

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lapho injini evuthayo yangaphakathi isebenza ngophethiloli noma udizili, izimpawu ezingemnandi ezichazwe ngenhla azikho zimbi kangako, ngakho ngokuvamile abashayeli abaningi basebenzisa izimoto ezinenzwa yesigaba esinephutha isikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, uma imoto yakho ifakwe imishini ye-gas-balloon yesizukulwane sesine nephezulu (esebenzisa i-electronics yayo "ehlakaniphile"), khona-ke injini evuthayo yangaphakathi izosebenza ngezikhathi ezithile, futhi ukunethezeka kokushayela kuzokwehla kakhulu.

okungukuthi, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kuzokhula kakhulu, ingxube ye-air-fuel ingaba mafutha noma, ngokuphambene, icebile, amandla namandla enjini yomlilo yangaphakathi izokwehla kakhulu. Konke lokhu kungenxa yokungaguquguquki ekusebenzeni kwesoftware yeyunithi yokulawula ye-elekthronikhi yenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi kanye neyunithi yokulawula ye-HBO. Ngakho-ke, lapho usebenzisa imishini ye-gas-balloon, inzwa yesigaba kufanele ishintshwe ngokushesha ngemva kokutholwa kokwehluleka kwayo. Ukusebenzisa imoto ekhubazekile inzwa ye-camshaft isikhundla kuyingozi kulokhu hhayi kuphela injini yomlilo yangaphakathi, kodwa futhi nemishini yegesi kanye nesistimu yayo yokulawula.

Izimbangela zokwehluleka

Isizathu esiyisisekelo sokuhluleka kwenzwa yesigaba ukuguga kwayo kwemvelo, okwenzeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kunoma iyiphi ingxenye. okungukuthi, ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu okuvela enjini evuthayo yangaphakathi kanye nokudlidliza okuqhubekayo endlini yezinzwa, othintana nabo balimele, uzibuthe unomphela ungenziwa demagnetized, futhi indlu ngokwayo ilimele.

Esinye isizathu esiyinhloko izinkinga zezintambo zenzwa. okungukuthi, izintambo zokuhlinzeka/zesiginali zingase zephuke, ngenxa yokuthi inzwa yesigaba ayinikezwanga nge-voltage yokunikezela, noma isignali ayiveli kuyo ngentambo yesignali. Kungenzeka futhi ukuphula ukubopha komshini ku-"chip" (okuthiwa "indlebe"). Kancane kancane, i-fuse ingahluleka, okubophezelekile, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukunika amandla inzwa yesigaba (ngemoto ngayinye ethile, kuzoxhomeka kumjikelezo ophelele kagesi wemoto).

Indlela yokuhlola inzwa yesigaba

Ukuhlola ukusebenza kwenzwa yesigaba senjini evuthayo yangaphakathi kwenziwa kusetshenziswa ithuluzi lokuxilonga, kanye nokusebenzisa i-multimeter ye-elekthronikhi ekwazi ukusebenza kumodi yokulinganisa i-voltage ye-DC. Sizoxoxa ngesibonelo sokuqinisekisa izinzwa zesigaba semoto ye-VAZ-2114. Imodeli 16 ifakwe kumamodeli ane-21120370604000-valve ICE, futhi imodeli 8-21110 ifakwe ku-3706040-valve ICE.

Okokuqala, ngaphambi kokuxilongwa, izinzwa kufanele zikhishwe esihlalweni sazo. Ngemuva kwalokho, udinga ukwenza ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo kwezindlu ze-DF, kanye noxhumana nabo kanye ne-terminal block. Uma kukhona ukungcola kanye / noma imfucumfucu koxhumana nabo, udinga ukuyisusa ngotshwala noma ngophethiloli.

Ukuze uhlole inzwa ye-8-valve motor 21110-3706040, kufanele ixhunywe ebhethri kanye ne-multimeter ye-electronic ngokusho komdwebo oboniswe esithombeni.

bese i-algorithm yokuqinisekisa izoba kanje:

• Setha amandla kagesi abe ngu-+13,5 ± 0,5 Volts (ungasebenzisa ibhethri lemoto elivamile ukuze uthole amandla).
• Kulokhu, i-voltage phakathi kwentambo yesiginali kanye "nomhlabathi" kufanele okungenani ibe ngu-90% we-voltage yokuhlinzeka (okungukuthi, 0,9V). Uma iphansi, futhi ilingana nakakhulu noma isondele ku-zero, khona-ke inzwa inephutha.
• Letha ipuleti lensimbi ekupheleni kwenzwa (eliqondiswa ngalo endaweni yereferensi ye-camshaft).
• Uma inzwa isebenza, i-voltage phakathi kwentambo yesiginali kanye "nomhlabathi" akufanele ibe ngaphezu kuka-0,4 volts. Uma ngaphezulu, inzwa inephutha.
• Khipha ipuleti lensimbi ekupheleni kwenzwa, i-voltage ocingweni lwesignali kufanele iphinde ibuyele ku-90% wangempela we-voltage yokuhlinzeka.

Ukuze uhlole inzwa yesigaba senjini yomlilo yangaphakathi engu-16-valve 21120370604000, kufanele ixhunywe kugesi kanye ne-multimeter ngokusho komdwebo oboniswe kumfanekiso wesibili.

Ukuze uhlole inzwa yesigaba esifanele, uzodinga ucezu lwensimbi olukala okungenani ububanzi obungu-20 mm, okungenani ubude obungu-80 mm nobukhulu obungu-0,5 mm. I-algorithm yokuqinisekisa izofana, nokho, namanye amanani kagesi:

• Setha i-voltage yokuhlinzeka kunzwa elingana no-+13,5±0,5 Volts.
• Kulokhu, uma inzwa isebenza, i-voltage phakathi kocingo lwesignali kanye "nomhlabathi" akufanele idlule 0,4 volts.
• Beka ingxenye yensimbi elungiselelwe ngaphambili ku-slot yenzwa lapho ireferensi ye-camshaft ibekwe khona.
• Uma inzwa ilungile, khona-ke i-voltage ocingweni lwesignali kufanele okungenani ibe ngu-90% we-voltage yokuhlinzeka.
• Susa ipuleti kusuka kunzwa, kuyilapho i-voltage kufanele iphinde yehle ibe yinani elingekho ngaphezu kuka-0,4 volts.

Empeleni, ukuhlola okunjalo kungenziwa ngaphandle kokudiliza inzwa esihlalweni sayo. Nokho, ukuze uyihlole, kungcono ukuyisusa. Ngokuvamile, lapho uhlola inzwa, kufanelekile ukuhlola ubuqotho bezintambo, kanye nekhwalithi yabathintana nabo. Isibonelo, kunezikhathi lapho i-chip ingabambeli othintana naye ngokuqinile, yingakho isignali evela ku-sensor ingayi ku-unit control unit. futhi, uma kungenzeka, kuyinto efiselekayo "ukukhala" izintambo ezisuka kunzwa ziye kukhompyutha kanye ne-relay (intambo yamandla).

Ngaphezu kokuhlola nge-multimeter, udinga ukuhlola amaphutha enzwa afanele usebenzisa ithuluzi lokuxilonga. Uma amaphutha anjalo etholwa okokuqala, ungazama ukuwasetha kabusha usebenzisa amathuluzi esoftware, noma ngokunqamula itheminali yebhethri enegethivu imizuzwana embalwa. Uma iphutha livela futhi, ukuxilonga okwengeziwe kuyadingeka ngokuya ngama-algorithms angenhla.

Amaphutha ezinzwa zesigaba esijwayelekile:

• I-P0340 - ayikho isignali yokunquma isikhundla se-camshaft;
• I-P0341 - isikhathi se-valve asihambisani nokucindezelwa / ukushaywa kweqembu le-cylinder-piston;
• I-P0342 - kumjikelezo kagesi we-DPRV, izinga lesiginali liphansi kakhulu (lilungisiwe lapho lifinyezwa phansi);
• I-P0343 - izinga lesignali elivela kumitha lidlula okujwayelekile (ngokuvamile livela lapho i-wiring iphukile);
• I-P0339 - Isiginali yesikhashana ivela kunzwa.

ngakho-ke, lapho kutholwa lawa maphutha, kuyafiseleka ukwenza ukuxilonga okwengeziwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze injini yomlilo yangaphakathi isebenze kumodi yokusebenza efanele.