ukuwohloka komlawuli wesigaba

ukuwohloka komlawuli wesigaba kungase kube kanje: iqala ukwenza imisindo engathandeki yokuqhekeka, iqhwa kwenye yezikhundla ezidlulele, ukusebenza kwe-valve ye-solenoid yesilawuli sesigaba kuphazamiseka, kwakhiwa iphutha kwimemori yekhompyutha.

Nakuba ungakwazi ukushayela ngesilawuli sesigaba esinephutha, udinga ukuqonda ukuthi injini evuthayo yangaphakathi ngeke isebenze ngemodi elungile. Lokhu kuzothinta ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kanye nezici eziguquguqukayo zenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi. Ngokuya ngenkinga eye yavela nge-clutch, i-valve noma uhlelo lokulawula isigaba lulonke, izimpawu zokuphuka kanye nokwenzeka kokuqedwa kwazo zizohluka.

Umgomo wokusebenza komlawuli wesigaba

ukuze uthole ukuthi kungani umlawuli wesigaba eqhekeka noma i-valve yayo inamathele, kufanelekile ukuqonda isimiso sokusebenza kwalo lonke uhlelo. Lokhu kuzonikeza ukuqonda okungcono kokuqhekeka kanye nezinyathelo ezengeziwe zokukulungisa.

Ngezivinini ezihlukene, injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ayisebenzi ngendlela efanayo. Ngezivinini ezingenzi lutho neziphansi, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "izigaba ezincane" kuyisici, lapho izinga lokukhipha igesi yokukhipha liphansi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isivinini esiphezulu sibonakala "ngezigaba ezibanzi", lapho umthamo wamagesi akhishwe mkhulu. Uma "izigaba ezibanzi" zisetshenziswa ngesivinini esiphansi, khona-ke amagesi okukhipha umoya azohlangana nalawo asanda kungena, okuzoholela ekunciphiseni kwamandla enjini yomlilo yangaphakathi, ngisho nokuyimisa. Futhi lapho "izigaba ezincane" zivulwa ngesivinini esikhulu, kuzoholela ekwehleni kwamandla enjini kanye namandla ayo.

Ukushintsha izigaba ukusuka "emincane" kuya "ebanzi" kukuvumela ukuthi ukwandise amandla enjini evuthayo yangaphakathi futhi ukwandise ukusebenza kahle kwayo ngokuvala nokuvula ama-valve ngama-engeli ahlukene. Lona umsebenzi oyisisekelo womlawuli wesigaba.

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezinhlelo zokulawula isigaba. I-VVT (Variable Valve Timing), eyakhiwe ngabakwaVolkswagen, CVVT - esetshenziswa abakwaKia noHyindai, VVT-i - esetshenziswa iToyota neVTC - efakwe ezinjinini zakwaHonda, VCP - Renault phase shifters, Vanos / Double Vanos - uhlelo olusetshenziswa kwaBMW . ngokuqhubekayo sizocubungula isimiso sokusebenza komlawuli wesigaba sisebenzisa isibonelo semoto yakwaRenault Megan 2 ene-ICE K16M engu-4 valve, njengoba ukwehluleka kwayo “kuyisifo sobuntwana” sale moto futhi abanikazi bayo bavame ukuhlangana nesigaba esingasebenzi. umlawuli.

Ukulawula kwenzeka nge-valve ye-solenoid, ukunikezwa kukawoyela okulawulwa yizimpawu ze-elekthronikhi ezinemvamisa eqondile ye-0 noma engu-250 Hz. Yonke le nqubo ilawulwa iyunithi yokulawula ye-elekthronikhi ngokusekelwe kumasiginali avela kuzinzwa zenjini evuthayo. Isilawuli sesigaba sivulwa ngomthwalo okhulayo enjinini evuthayo yangaphakathi (inani le-rpm lisuka ku-1500 liye ku-4300 rpm) lapho lezi zimo ezilandelayo zifinyelelwa:

• izinzwa ze-crankshaft positionable (DPKV) kanye nama-camshafts (DPRV);
• akukho ukuphazamiseka ohlelweni lomjovo wamafutha;
• inani lomkhawulo lomjovo wesigaba liyabonwa;
• izinga lokushisa elipholile lingaphakathi kuka +10°...+120°С;
• izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lamafutha enjini.

Ukubuyiselwa kwesilawuli sesigaba endaweni yaso yokuqala kwenzeka lapho isivinini sincipha ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo, kodwa ngomehluko wokuthi umehluko wesigaba se-zero ubalwa. Kulokhu, i-plunger yokukhiya ivimba umshini. ngakho-ke, "amacala" wokuwohloka komlawuli wesigaba angeke abe yedwa, kodwa futhi i-valve ye-solenoid, izinzwa zenjini yangaphakathi, ukuphuka kwe-motor, ukungasebenzi kahle kwekhompyutha.

Izimpawu zesilawuli sesigaba esiphukile

Ukwehluleka okuphelele noma okuyingxenye komlawuli wesigaba kungahlulelwa ngezimpawu ezilandelayo:

• Ukwandisa umsindo wenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi. Imisindo ephindaphindayo izovela endaweni yokufaka i-camshaft. Abanye abashayeli bathi kuyefana nokusebenza kwenjini kadizili.
• Ukusebenza okungazinzile kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi kwenye yezindlela. Injini ingahlala ingasebenzi kahle, kodwa isheshise kabi futhi ilahlekelwe amandla. Noma okuphambene nalokho, kuvamile ukushayela, kodwa "minyanisa" ngokungenzi lutho. Ebusweni bokwehla okujwayelekile kwamandla okukhiphayo.
• Ukwenyuka kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli. Futhi, kwenye indlela yokusebenza kwenjini. Kuyancomeka ukuthi uhlole ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli ku-dynamics usebenzisa ikhompyutha esebhodini noma ithuluzi lokuxilonga.
• Ukwenyuka kobuthi bamagesi aphumayo. Ngokuvamile inani labo liya liba likhulu, futhi bathola iphunga elibukhali, elifana nophethiloli kunangaphambili.
• Ukwenyuka kokusetshenziswa kwamafutha enjini. Ingase iqale ukuvutha ngamandla (izinga layo ku-crankcase liyancipha) noma ilahlekelwe izakhiwo zayo zokusebenza.
• I-rpm engazinzile ngemva kokuqala kwenjini. Ngokuvamile lokhu kuthatha imizuzwana engu-2-10. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-crackle evela kumlawuli wesigaba inamandla, bese iyancipha kancane.
• Ukwakhiwa kwephutha lokungaqondani kahle kwe-crankshaft nama-camshafts noma indawo ye-camshaft. Imishini ehlukene ingaba namakhodi ahlukene. Isibonelo, kwaRenault, iphutha ngekhodi DF080 likhombisa ngqo izinkinga ngeFazi. Eminye imishini ivamise ukuthola iphutha elithi p0011 noma i-p0016, okubonisa ukuthi isistimu iphumile ekuvunyelanisweni.

Kulula kakhulu ukwenza ukuxilonga, ukucacisa amaphutha, futhi uphinde uwasethe kabusha nge-autoscanner yemikhiqizo eminingi. Enye yalezi zinketho ezitholakalayo I-Rokodil ScanX Pro. Bangathatha ukufundwa kwezinzwa ezimotweni eziningi kusukela ngo-1994 kuye phambili. ngokucindezela izinkinobho ezimbalwa. Futhi hlola ukusebenza kwenzwa ngokunika amandla / ukukhubaza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene.

Sicela uqaphele ukuthi ngaphezu kwalokhu, lapho umlawuli wesigaba ehluleka, ingxenye kuphela yezimpawu ezibonisiwe zingavela noma zivele ngokuhlukile emishinini ehlukene.

Izimbangela zokwehluleka kwesilawuli sesigaba

ukuphuka kuhlukaniswe ngokunembile ngumlawuli wesigaba kanye ne-valve yayo yokulawula. Ngakho-ke, izizathu zokuwohloka komlawuli wesigaba yilezi:

• Ukugqokwa kwemishini ejikelezayo (ama-paddles/paddles). Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yezizathu zemvelo, futhi kunconywa ukushintsha abalawuli besigaba njalo nge-100 ... 200 amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane. Amafutha angcolile noma ekhwalithi ephansi angasheshisa ukuguga.
• Bona futhi noma ukungalingani kwamanani asethiwe ama-engeli aguqukayo wesilawuli sesigaba. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngenxa yokuthi indlela ejikelezayo yesilawuli sesigaba ezindlini zayo idlula ama-engeli avumelekile okujikeleza ngenxa yokugqoka kwensimbi.

Kodwa izizathu zokuwohloka kwe-valve ye-vvt zihlukile.

• Ukuhluleka kwesigxivizo se-valve yesilawuli sesigaba. Ezimotweni zakwaRenault Megan 2, i-valve yesilawuli sesigaba ifakwe endaweni yokuphumula ngaphambi kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi, lapho kunokungcola okuningi. Ngakho-ke, uma ibhokisi lokugxusha lilahlekelwa ukuqina kwalo, khona-ke uthuli nokungcola okuvela ngaphandle kuhlangana namafutha bese kungena emgodini wokusebenza womshini. Ngenxa yalokho, i-valve jamming kanye nokuguga komshini wokujikeleza wesilawuli ngokwaso.
• Izinkinga ngomjikelezo kagesi we-valve. Lokhu kungase kube ukuphuka kwayo, ukulimala kothintana naye, ukulimala kwe-insulation, isifunda esifushane ecaleni noma kuntambo yamandla, ukunciphisa noma ukwanda kokumelana.
• Ukungena kwama-chips epulasitiki. Kubalawuli besigaba, ama-blades ngokuvamile enziwe ngepulasitiki. Njengoba ziguga, zishintsha i-geometry yazo bese ziwa esihlalweni. Kanye namafutha, bangena ku-valve, bahlakazeke futhi bachotshozwe. Lokhu kungaholela ekushayweni okungaphelele kwesiqu se-valve noma ngisho nokugxumeka okuphelele kwesiqu.

Futhi, izizathu zokwehluleka komlawuli wesigaba zingase zihluleke ezinye izakhi ezihlobene:

• Izimpawu ezingalungile ezivela ku-DPKV kanye / noma i-DPRV. Lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yezinkinga zezinzwa ezibonisiwe, kanye neqiniso lokuthi umlawuli wesigaba ugugile, ngenxa yokuthi i-camshaft noma i-crankshaft isesimweni esidlula imingcele evumelekile endaweni ethile ngesikhathi. Kulokhu, kanye nomlawuli wesigaba, udinga ukuhlola inzwa yendawo ye-crankshaft futhi uhlole i-DPRV.
• Izinkinga ze-ECU. Ezimweni ezingavamile, ukwehluleka kwesofthiwe kwenzeka kuyunithi yokulawula ye-elekthronikhi, futhi ngisho nayo yonke idatha elungile, iqala ukunikeza amaphutha, kuhlanganise maqondana nomlawuli wesigaba.

Ukudiliza nokuhlanza isilawuli sesigaba

Ukuhlola ukusebenza kwe-fazik kungenziwa ngaphandle kokudilizwa. Kodwa ukwenza isheke ekugqokeni komlawuli wesigaba, kufanele kususwe futhi kuhlakazwe. ukuze uthole ukuthi ikuphi, udinga ukuzulazula onqenqemeni lwangaphambili lwe-camshaft. Ngokuya ngomklamo we-motor, ukudilizwa komlawuli wesigaba ngokwawo kuzohluka. Noma kunjalo, noma kunjalo, ibhande lesikhathi liphonswa nge-casing yalo. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukunikeza ukufinyelela kwebhande, futhi ibhande ngokwalo kufanele lisuswe.

Ngemuva kokunqamula i-valve, hlola njalo isimo se-mesh yokuhlunga. Uma ingcolile, idinga ukuhlanzwa (igezwe ngomshini wokuhlanza). ukuze uhlanze i-mesh, udinga ukuyicindezela ngokucophelela endaweni yokuyihlwitha futhi uyihlehlise esihlalweni. Imeshi ingawashwa ngophethiloli noma kolunye uketshezi lokuhlanza kusetshenziswa isixubho noma enye into engaqinile.

I-valve yokulawula isigaba ngokwayo ingabuye ihlanzwe ngamafutha kanye ne-carbon deposits (kokubili ngaphandle nangaphakathi, uma umklamo wayo uvumela) usebenzisa isicoci se-carb. Uma i-valve ihlanzekile, ungaqhubeka ukuyihlola.

Indlela yokuhlola isilawuli sesigaba

Kunendlela eyodwa elula yokuhlola ukuthi isilawuli sesigaba senjini evuthayo yangaphakathi siyasebenza noma cha. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kudingeka izintambo ezimbili kuphela ezincanyana ezingaba imitha elilodwa nesigamu ubude. Ingqikithi yesheke imi kanje:

• Susa ipulaki kusixhumi se-valve yokuhlinzeka ngamafutha kumlawuli wesigaba bese uxhuma i-wiring elungiselelwe lapho.
• Enye ingxenye yezintambo kufanele ixhunywe kwelinye lamatheminali ebhethri (i-polarity ayibalulekile kulokhu).
• Shiya omunye umkhawulo wentambo yesibili ku-limbo okwamanje.
• Qala injini ebandayo futhi uyiyeke ingasebenzi. Kubalulekile ukuthi amafutha enjini apholile!
• Xhuma isiphetho sentambo yesibili kutheminali yesibili yebhethri.
• Uma injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ngemuva kwalokho iqala "ukuminyanisa", khona-ke umlawuli wesigaba uyasebenza, ngaphandle kwalokho - cha!

I-valve ye-solenoid yesilawuli sesigaba kufanele ihlolwe ngokuya nge-algorithm elandelayo:

• Ngemva kokukhetha imodi yokulinganisa ukumelana kumhloli, yilinganise phakathi kwamatheminali amavalvu. Uma sigxila kudatha ye-Megan 2 manual, khona-ke ekushiseni komoya okungu-+20 ° C kufanele kube ku-6,7 ... 7,7 Ohm.
• Uma ukumelana kuphansi, kusho ukuthi kukhona isifunda esifushane; uma ngaphezulu, kusho isifunda esivulekile. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yikuphi, ama-valve awalungiswa, kodwa afakwe amasha.

Isilinganiso sokumelana singenziwa ngaphandle kokuhlakazwa, noma kunjalo, ingxenye yemishini ye-valve kufanele futhi ihlolwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu uzodinga:

• Kusukela kumthombo wamandla angu-12 Volt (ibhethri lemoto), sebenzisa i-voltage enezintambo ezengeziwe kusixhumi sikagesi se-valve.
• Uma i-valve isebenza futhi ihlanzekile, i-piston yayo izokwehla. Uma i-voltage isusiwe, induku kufanele ibuyele endaweni yayo yasekuqaleni.
• ngokulandelayo udinga ukuhlola igebe ezindaweni ezinwetshiwe ngokwedlulele. Akufanele ibe ngaphezu kuka-0,8 mm (ungasebenzisa i-probe yensimbi ukuze uhlole ukuphuma kwama-valve). Uma incane, khona-ke i-valve kufanele ihlanzwe ngokuvumelana ne-algorithm echazwe ngenhla. Ngemva kokuhlanza, isheke likagesi kanye nemishini kufanele yenziwe, bese kwenziwa isinqumo sokuyishintsha. phinda.

ukuze "ukwandisa impilo" yesilawuli sesigaba kanye ne-valve yayo ye-solenoid, kunconywa ukushintsha izihlungi zamafutha namafutha kaningi. Ikakhulukazi uma umshini usebenza ezimeni ezinzima.

Iphutha lesilawuli sesigaba

Uma kwenzeka iphutha i-DF2 yakheka kuyunithi yokulawula ku-Renault Megan 080 (iketanga lokushintsha izici ze-camshaft, isifunda esivulekile), kufanele uqale uhlole i-valve ngokuya nge-algorithm engenhla. Uma isebenza kahle, khona-ke kulokhu udinga "ukukhala" eduze kwesekethe yocingo kusuka ku-chip valve kuya kuyunithi yokulawula ye-elekthronikhi.

Ngokuvamile, izinkinga zivela ezindaweni ezimbili. Esokuqala sikwihhanisi lezintambo elisuka ku-ICE uqobo liye eyunithi yokulawula ye-ICE. Eyesibili ikusixhumi ngokwaso. Uma i-wiring iqinile, bheka isixhumi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izikhonkwane ezikubo ziyasuswa. ukuze uziqinise, udinga ukwenza lokhu okulandelayo:

• susa umbambi wepulasitiki kusixhumi (donsa phezulu);
• ngemva kwalokho, ukufinyelela koxhumana nabo bangaphakathi kuzovela;
• ngokufanayo, kuyadingeka ukuhlakaza ingxenye engemuva yomzimba ophethe;
• emva kwalokho, thola enye nesesibili ucingo lwesignali ngemuva (kungcono ukwenza ngokushintshana, ukuze ungadideki i-pinout);
• ku-terminal ekhishiwe, udinga ukuqinisa ama-terminals ngosizo lwento ethile ebukhali;
• buyisela yonke into endaweni yayo yokuqala.

Ikhubaza isilawuli sesigaba

Abashayeli bezimoto abaningi bakhathazekile ngalo mbuzo - kungenzeka yini ukushayela ngesilawuli sesigaba esinephutha? Impendulo inguyebo, ungakwazi, kodwa udinga ukuqonda imiphumela. Uma, ngasizathu simbe, usanquma ukuvala isilawuli sesigaba, khona-ke ungakwenza ngale ndlela (kucatshangelwa ku-Renault Megan 2 efanayo):

• nqamula ipulaki kusixhumi se-valve yokuhlinzeka ngamafutha kuya kumlawuli wesigaba;
• ngenxa yalokho, kuzokwenzeka iphutha elithi DF080, futhi ngokunokwenzeka engeziwe lapho kukhona ukuwohloka okuhambisanayo;
• ukuze ususe iphutha futhi "ukhohlise" iyunithi yokulawula, udinga ukufaka isithako sikagesi esinokumelana okungaba ngu-7 ohms phakathi kwamatheminali amabili kupulaki (njengoba kushiwo ngenhla - 6,7 ... 7,7 ohms inkathi efudumele);
• setha kabusha iphutha elenzeke kuyunithi yokulawula ngokohlelo noma ngokunqamula itheminali yebhethri enegethivu imizuzwana embalwa;
• qinisa ngokuvikelekile ipulaki ekhishiwe endaweni yenjini ukuze ingancibiliki futhi iphazamise ezinye izingxenye.

Sicela uqaphele ukuthi uma isilawuli sesigaba sivaliwe, amandla e-ICE ehla cishe ngo-15% futhi ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kukhuphuka kancane.

isiphetho

Abakhiqizi bezimoto batusa ukushintsha abalawuli besigaba njalo nge-100 ... 200 amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane. Uma engqongqoza ngaphambili - okokuqala udinga ukuhlola i-valve yakhe, njengoba kulula. Kungumnikazi wemoto ukuthi uzoyivala yini noma cha i-"fazik" ngoba lokhu kuholela emiphumeleni emibi. Ukudiliza nokufaka isilawuli sesigaba esikhundleni saso kuwumsebenzi onzima wayo yonke imishini yesimanje. Ngakho-ke, ungenza inqubo enjalo kuphela uma unesipiliyoni somsebenzi kanye namathuluzi afanelekile. Kodwa kungcono ukufuna usizo kusevisi yemoto.