ukwehluleka kwenzwa yokushaya

ukwehluleka kwenzwa yokushaya kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi iyunithi yokulawula i-ICE (ECU) iyeka ukubona inqubo yokuqhunyiswa ngesikhathi sokushiswa kwengxube kaphethiloli kumasilinda. Inkinga enjalo ibonakala njengomphumela wesignali ephumayo ebuthakathaka kakhulu noma, ngokuphambene nalokho, enamandla kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, "hlola i-ICE" ukukhanya kudeshibhodi kuyakhanya, futhi ukuziphatha kwemoto kushintsha ngenxa yezimo zokusebenza ze-ICE.

ukuze ubhekane nenkinga yokungasebenzi kahle kwezinzwa, udinga ukuqonda isimiso sokusebenza kwayo kanye nemisebenzi eyenzayo.

Inzwa yokungqongqoza isebenza kanjani

Ezimotweni ze-ICE, eyodwa yezinhlobo ezimbili zezinzwa ezingqongqozayo zingasetshenziswa - i-resonant ne-broadband. Kodwa njengoba uhlobo lokuqala seluphelelwe yisikhathi futhi aluvamile, sizochaza ukusebenza kwezinzwa ze-broadband (DD).

Idizayini ye-Broadband DD isekelwe kusici se-piezoelectric, okuthi, ngaphansi kwesenzo somshini kuso (okungukuthi, ngesikhathi sokuqhuma, okuyinto, empeleni, i-detonation), inikeza i-current ene-voltage ethile kuyunithi yokulawula kagesi. Inzwa ishunwe ukuze ibone amaza omsindo ebangeni elisuka ku-6 Hz ukuya ku-15 kHz. Idizayini yenzwa ihlanganisa ne-ejenti enesisindo, ethuthukisa umphumela wemishini kuyo ngokwandisa amandla, okungukuthi, yandisa i-amplitude yomsindo.

I-voltage enikezwe inzwa ku-ECU ngezikhonkwane zokuxhuma icutshungulwa yi-elekthronikhi bese kuphetha ngokuthi ngabe kukhona ukuqhunyiswa enjini yangaphakathi evuthayo, futhi ngokufanele, ukuthi isikhathi sokuthungela sidinga ukulungiswa, okuzosiza ukuyiqeda. . Okusho ukuthi, inzwa kuleli cala "imakrofoni" kuphela.

Izimpawu zenzwa yokushaya ephukile

Ngokwehluleka okuphelele noma okuyingxenye kwe-DD, ukuwohloka kwenzwa yokungqongqoza kubonakaliswa ngenye yezimpawu:

• I-ICE iyazamazama. Ngenzwa esebenzisekayo kanye nesistimu yokulawula enjinini yangaphakathi evuthayo, lesi simo akufanele sibe. Ngendlebe, ukubukeka kokuqhunyiswa kunganqunywa ngokungaqondile ngomsindo wensimbi ovela enjinini yomlilo yangaphakathi esebenzayo (iminwe engqongqozayo). Futhi ukuzamazama ngokweqile nokuqhaqhazela ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi yinto yokuqala onganquma ngayo ukuwohloka kwenzwa yokungqongqoza.
• Ukwehla kwamandla noma "ubuwula" benjini evuthayo yangaphakathi, ebonakala ngokuwohloka kokusheshisa noma ukwanda ngokweqile kwesivinini ngesivinini esiphansi. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho, ngesignali ye-DD engalungile, ukulungiswa okuzenzakalelayo kwe-engeli yokuthungela kwenziwa.
• Kunzima ukuqala injini, ikakhulukazi "kubanda", okungukuthi, emazingeni okushisa aphansi ngemva kwesikhathi eside sokungasebenzi (isibonelo, ekuseni). Nakuba kungenzeka lokhu kuziphatha kwemoto kanye namazinga okushisa afudumele.
• Ukwenyuka kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli. Njengoba i-engeli yokubasa iphukile, ingxube yesibaseli somoya ayihlangabezani nemingcele efanele. Ngakho, isimo siphakama lapho injini evuthayo yangaphakathi idla uphethiloli omningi kunalokho ewudingayo.
• Ukulungisa amaphutha enzwa yokugoqa. Ngokuvamile, izizathu zokubukeka kwazo ziyisignali evela ku-DD ehamba ngaphezu kwemingcele evumelekile, ikhefu ku-wiring yayo, noma ukwehluleka okuphelele kwenzwa. Amaphutha azoboniswa ukukhanya kwe-Check Engine kudeshibhodi.

Nokho, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izimpawu ezinjalo zingase zibonise okunye ukuwohloka kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi, kuhlanganise nezinye izinzwa. Kunconywa ukuthi ngaphezu kwalokho ufunde inkumbulo ye-ECU ngamaphutha angenzeka ngenxa yokusebenza okungalungile kwezinzwa ngazinye.

ukwehluleka kwesifunda senzwa yokungqongqoza

Ukuze ukhombe ngokunembe kakhudlwana umonakalo ku-DD, kuhle ukusebenzisa izikena zamaphutha ze-elekthronikhi zeyunithi yokulawula ye-elekthronikhi. Ikakhulukazi uma isibani sokulawula "sokuhlola" sikhanya kudeshibhodi.

Idivayisi engcono kakhulu yalo msebenzi ingaba Skena Ithuluzi Pro Black Edition - idivayisi eyenziwe e-Korea engabizi esebenza kahle kakhulu esebenzisana ne-OBD2 yokudlulisa idatha futhi ihambisana nezimoto eziningi zesimanje, kanye nezinhlelo ze-smartphone nekhompyutha (ene-Bluetooth noma i-Wi-Fi module).

udinga ukucabangela ukuthi ingabe kukhona amaphutha kanye namaphutha e-4 knock sensor ku-DMRV, lambda noma izinzwa zokushisa ezipholile, bese ubuka izinkomba zesikhathi sangempela ze-engeli eholayo kanye nokwakheka kwengxube kaphethiloli (iphutha lenzwa ye-DD liyavela. ngokuncipha okukhulu).

Iskena Skena Ithuluzi Pro, ngenxa ye-chip ye-32-bit, hhayi i-8, njengabalingani bayo, izokuvumela ukuthi ungagcini nje ukufunda nokusetha kabusha amaphutha, kodwa ukuqapha ukusebenza kwezinzwa futhi ulungise imingcele yenjini yangaphakathi yomlilo. futhi le divayisi iyasiza lapho ubheka ukusebenza kwebhokisi le-gearbox, ukudluliselwa noma izinhlelo ezisizayo ze-ABS, ESP, njll. ezimotweni zasekhaya, zase-Asia, zaseYurophu ngisho naseMelika.

Imvamisa, iphutha elithi p0325 "Vula isekethe kusekethe yenzwa yokungqongqoza" libonisa izinkinga kuzintambo. Lokhu kungase kube intambo ephukile noma, ngokuvamile, abathintwayo abane-oxidized. Kuyadingeka ukwenza ukugcinwa kokuvimbela kwezixhumi ku-sensor. Ngezinye izikhathi iphutha p0325 livela ngenxa yokuthi ibhande lesikhathi lishelela amazinyo angu-1-2.

I-P0328 Knock Sensor Signal High ngokuvamile iyinkomba yenkinga ngezintambo zamandla kagesi aphezulu. okungukuthi, uma ukufakwa kunqamuka kuzo noma isici se-piezoelectric. Ngokufanayo, iphutha elibonisiwe lingase lenzeke ngenxa yokuthi ibhande lesikhathi ligxume amazinyo ambalwa. Ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa, udinga ukuhlola amamaki kuwo kanye nesimo samawasha.

Amaphutha okuthi p0327 noma p0326 avamise ukukhiqizwa kumemori yekhompyutha ngenxa yesiginali ephansi evela kunzwa yokungqongqoza. Isizathu singase sibe ukuthintana okungalungile kuyo, noma ukuthintana okubuthakathaka kwenzwa yenzwa ene-cylinder block. Ukuqeda iphutha, ungazama ukucubungula kokubili othintana nabo abashiwo kanye nenzwa ngokwayo nge-WD-40. Kubalulekile futhi ukuhlola i-torque yokufaka inzwa njengoba le pharamitha ibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwayo.

Ngokuvamile, kungaphawulwa ukuthi izimpawu zokuwohloka kwenzwa yokungqongqoza zifana kakhulu nezimpawu zokushisa sekwephuzile, ngoba i-ECU, ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha zemoto, izama ukukhiqiza ngokuzenzakalelayo sekwephuzile ngangokunokwenzeka, ngoba lokhu iqeda ukubhujiswa kwe-motor (uma i-angle isencane kakhulu, khona-ke ngaphandle kwe-detonation ibonakala, hhayi nje ukwehla kwamandla, kodwa kunengozi yokushisa kwe-valve). Ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile, singaphetha ngokuthi izimpawu eziyinhloko zifana ncamashi nesikhathi esingalungile sokuthungela.

Izimbangela zokuhluleka kwenzwa yokushaya

Ngokuqondene nezizathu zokuthi kungani kunezinkinga ngenzwa yokungqongqoza, lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuhlukana okulandelayo:

• Ukwephulwa kokuthintana kwemishini phakathi kwendlu yenzwa kanye nebhulokhi yenjini. Njengoba umkhuba ubonisa, lesi yisizathu esivame kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, inzwa ngokwayo inomumo oyindilinga onembobo ekhuphukayo phakathi, lapho ixhunywe khona esihlalweni sayo isebenzisa ibhawodi noma i-stud. Ngakho-ke, uma i-torque eqinisayo yehla ekuxhumekeni kwentambo (ukucindezela kwe-DD kuya ku-ICE kuba buthakathaka), bese emva kwalokho inzwa ayikutholi ukudlidliza komshini ovela ku-cylinder block. Ukuze uqede ukuwohloka okunjalo, kwanele ukuqinisa uxhumano olushiwo, noma ukubuyisela ibholidi yokulungisa ngephini lokulungisa, ngoba inokwethenjelwa kakhulu futhi inikeza uxhumano oluqinile lwemishini.
• Izinkinga zezintambo zenzwa. Kulokhu, kungase kube nezinkinga ezihlukahlukene, isibonelo, ukufinyela kocingo olunikezwayo noma lwesignali emhlabathini, ukulimala komshini (ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho igobile khona), ukulimala kokufakwa kwangaphakathi noma kwangaphandle, ukuphuka kwentambo yonke. noma ama-cores ayo angawodwana (ukunikezela, isignali), ukwehluleka ukuvikela. Uma inkinga ixazululwa ngokubuyisela noma ukufaka esikhundleni sezintambo zayo.
• Ukuxhumana okungalungile endaweni yokuxhumana. Lesi simo ngezinye izikhathi siyenzeka uma, isibonelo, i-latch yepulasitiki iphukile endaweni lapho othintana nabo benzwa bexhunywe khona. Ngezinye izikhathi, ngenxa yokuthuthumela, othintana naye uvele ephuke, futhi, ngokufanele, isignali evela kunzwa noma amandla ayo ayifinyeleli kulowo obhalelwayo. Ukuze ulungise, ungazama ukushintsha i-chip, ulungise othintana naye, noma ngenye indlela yomshini zama ukuxhuma amaphedi amabili noxhumana nabo.
• Qedela ukwehluleka kwenzwa. Inzwa yokungqongqoza ngokwayo iyithuluzi elilula, ngakho-ke akukho lutho olukhethekile lokuphuka, ngokulandelana, futhi aluvamile ukwehluleka, kodwa luyenzeka. Inzwa ayikwazi ukulungiswa, ngakho-ke, uma kwenzeka ukuwohloka okuphelele, kufanele kuthathelwe indawo entsha.
• Izinkinga ngeyunithi yokulawula ye-elekthronikhi. Ku-ECU, njengakunoma iyiphi enye idivayisi ye-elekthronikhi, ukwehluleka kwesofthiwe kungenzeka, okuholela ekuboneni okungalungile kolwazi oluvela ku-DD, futhi, ngokufanele, ukwamukelwa kwezinqumo ezingalungile yiyunithi.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi esimweni lapho umshisekeli wemoto ethintana nesevisi yemoto enezikhalazo mayelana nokusebenza kwenzwa yokungqongqoza, ezinye izingcweti ezingenangqondo zinikeza ngokushesha ukuyibuyisela entsha. Ngakho-ke, thatha imali eyengeziwe kuklayenti. Esikhundleni salokho, ungazama ukuqinisa i-torque ekuqiniseni okufakwe inzwa kanye / noma esikhundleni sebhawodi nge-stud. Ezimweni eziningi lokhu kuyasiza.

Kuyini ukwehluleka kwezinzwa zokugoqa?

Ngingakwazi ukushayela nginenzwa yokungqongqoza engalungile? Lo mbuzo uyathakazelisa kubashayeli abaqala ukuhlangana nale nkinga. Ngokuvamile, impendulo yalo mbuzo ingenziwa ngendlela elandelayo - ngesikhathi esifushane ungakwazi ukusebenzisa imoto, kodwa ngangokunokwenzeka, udinga ukwenza ukuxilongwa okufanele futhi ulungise inkinga.

Ngempela, ngokomgomo wokusebenza kwekhompiyutha, lapho ukuwohloka kwenzwa yokugoqa uphethiloli kwenzeka, ngokuzenzekelayo ukuthungela okubambezelekile kufakiwe ukuze kukhishwe umonakalo ezingxenyeni zeqembu le-piston uma kwenzeka ukuqhunyiswa kwangempela ngesikhathi sokushiswa kwengxube kaphethiloli. Ngenxa yalokho - ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kuyenyuka futhi ngokuphawulekayo ama-dynamics awelayo okubonakala ikakhulukazi njengoba i-rpm ikhula.

Kwenzekani uma ukhubaza inzwa yokungqongqoza ngokuphelele?

Abanye abanikazi bezimoto baze bazame ukukhubaza inzwa yokungqongqoza, ngoba ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokusebenza nokufaka i-refueling ngophethiloli omuhle, kungase kubonakale kungenasidingo. Nokho, akunjalo! Ngoba ukuqhunyiswa akubangelwa kuphela uphethiloli omubi kanye nezinkinga zamapulaki ezinhlansi, ukucindezelwa kanye nokungafihli kahle. Ngakho-ke, uma ukhubaza inzwa yokungqongqoza, imiphumela ingaba kanje:

• ukwehluleka okusheshayo (ukuphuka) kwe-cylinder head gasket nayo yonke imiphumela elandelayo;
• ukusheshisa ukugqoka kwezakhi zeqembu le-cylinder-piston;
• ikhanda le-cylinder eliqhekekile;
• ukushisa (okugcwele noma okuyingxenye) kwepiston eyodwa noma ngaphezulu;
• ukwehluleka kwe-jumpers phakathi kwamasongo;
• ukugoba induku yokuxhuma;
• ukushiswa kwamapuleti e-valve.

Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi uma lesi simo senzeka, iyunithi yokulawula i-elekthronikhi ngeke ithathe izinyathelo zokuyiqeda. Ngakho-ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kufanele uyivale futhi ubeke i-jumper kusuka ekuphikiseni, ngoba lokhu kugcwele ukulungiswa okubizayo.

Unganquma kanjani ukuthi inzwa yokungqongqoza iphukile

Lapho kuvela izimpawu zokuqala zokuhluleka kwe-DD, umbuzo onengqondo ukuthi ungabheka kanjani futhi unqume ukuthi inzwa yokungqongqoza iphukile yini. Okokuqala, kufanele kushiwo ukuthi ukuhlola inzwa yokungqongqoza kungenzeka ngaphandle kokuyisusa ku-cylinder block, ngakho ngemva kokuyidiliza esihlalweni. Futhi ekuqaleni kungcono ukwenza izivivinyo eziningana lapho inzwa ifakwe ku-block. Kafushane, inqubo ibonakala kanje:

• setha isivinini sokungenzi lutho sibe cishe ku-2000 rpm;
• ngento ethile yensimbi (isando esincane, isikrufu) shaya igalelo elilodwa noma amabili buthakathaka (!!!) emzimbeni we-cylinder block endaweni ebizwa ngokuthi inzwa (ungayishaya kancane inzwa);
• uma isivinini senjini sehla ngemva kwalokho (lokhu kuzozwakala), kusho ukuthi inzwa iyasebenza;
• ijubane lahlala lisezingeni elifanayo - udinga ukwenza isheke elengeziwe.

Ukuze uhlole inzwa yokushaya, umshayeli wemoto uzodinga i-multimeter ye-electronic ekwazi ukukala inani lokumelana nogesi, kanye ne-DC voltage. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuhlola i-oscilloscope. Umdwebo wokusebenza kwenzwa othathwe nawo uzobonisa ngokucacile ukuthi iyasebenza noma cha.

Kodwa njengoba kuphela umhloli otholakala kumshayeli ojwayelekile, kwanele ukuhlola ukufundwa kokumelana okunikezwa inzwa uma kucishwa. Ibanga lokumelana lingaphakathi kwama-400 ... 1000 Ohm. kuphoqelekile futhi ukwenza isheke eliyisisekelo lobuqotho be-wiring yayo - kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kukhona ikhefu, umonakalo wokufakelwa noma isifunda esifushane. Awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kosizo lwe-multimeter.

Uma ukuhlolwa kubonise ukuthi inzwa yokugoqa uphethiloli iyasebenza, kanye nephutha mayelana nesiginali yenzwa ephuma ebangeni, kungase kudingeke ukuthi ubheke imbangela hhayi ku-sensor ngokwayo, kodwa ekusebenzeni kwenjini yangaphakathi yomlilo noma ibhokisi legiya. . Kungani? Imisindo nokudlidliza kunecala kuyo yonke into, i-DD engayibona njengokuqhunyiswa kukaphethiloli futhi ilungise ngokungalungile i-engeli yokubasa!