Ukumiswa, okungukuthi, ukuxhumana phakathi komhlabathi kanye nendlu
Umsebenzisi ojwayelekile wemoto uvamise ukunaka injini, isiteringi namabhuleki. Khonamanjalo, enye yezinto eziyinhloko ezithinta ukuphepha kokushayela ukumiswa.
Imizamo yabaklami bezimoto yokuthuthukisa ama-powertrains izoba yize uma ingahambisana nokulungiswa okufanele kokumiswa, okumele kwenze imisebenzi eminingi, evame ukungqubuzana.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukumiswa kunethonya elinamandla ekunethezekeni nasekuphatheni ukushayela, kanye nokuphepha - izilungiselelo zayo nesimo sobuchwepheshe sinquma ibanga lokubhuleka, ukusebenza kahle kwamakhona kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezinhlelo zosizo lokushayela nge-elekthronikhi, kuchaza uRadoslav Jaskulsky, Skoda. Okuzenzakalelayo. Umfundisi wesikole.
Ukumiswa kuyizinhlobo ezimbili: okuncike, okuzimele. Esimweni sokuqala, amasondo emoto ayasebenzisana. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi anamathele entweni efanayo, njengentwasahlobo yamaqabunga. Ekumisweni okuzimele, isondo ngalinye lixhunywe ezingxenyeni ezihlukene. Kukhona nohlobo lwesithathu lokumiswa - okuncike ku-semi-dependent, lapho amasondo aku-axle enikeziwe asebenzisana kancane.
Umsebenzi oyinhloko wokumiswa wukuqinisekisa ukuthintana okulungile kwamasondo emoto nomhlabathi. Sikhuluma ngakho kokubili ukudambisa okusebenzayo kwamaqhubu kanye nokubamba kangcono phansi - ukukhishwa kwezikhathi zokuhlukana kwamasondo ngenxa yokucwiliswa noma imithambeka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukumiswa kufanele kuqinisekise ukuqondanisa okulungile nokuqapha i-kinetics yemoto yonke, i.e. khawula ukutsheka lapho ujika amakhona, ukubhuleka kanzima noma ukusheshisa okuguquguqukayo. Ukumiswa kufanele kuphathe yonke le misebenzi ngendlela efanayo ngangokunokwenzeka, kodwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukene kakhulu zomthwalo, isivinini, izinga lokushisa nokubamba.
Ukumiswa kuqukethe inani lezingxenye ezenza imisebenzi eyahlukene. Lesi simiso sihlanganisa izakhi eziqondisa isondo, okungukuthi, ukunquma i-geometry ye-chassis (i-wishbones noma izinduku), izakhi zokumiswa (okwamanje iziphethu zekhoyili ezivame kakhulu) futhi, ekugcineni, izakhi ezimanzi (ama-shock absorbers) kanye nezakhi zokuzinzisa (izinza). .
Isixhumanisi phakathi kuka-chassis (lapho imoto ihlezi khona) kanye ne-wishbone (ebambe isondo) i-shock absorber. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-shock absorbers kuye ngokuthi yini edambisa ukunyakaza. Isibonelo, izimoto ze-Skoda zisebenzisa ama-absorber wesimanje we-hydropneumatic shock, i.e. igesi-amafutha. Banikeza inhlanganisela ephelele yokusebenza kahle nokunemba, kungakhathaliseki umthwalo nezinga lokushisa, kuyilapho beqinisekisa ukusebenza okude, okungenazinkinga.
Kwamanye amamodeli, umkhiqizi waseCzech usebenzisa isistimu encikene ngendlela ye-torsion beam enezingalo ezilandelanayo ku-axle yangemuva. I-Skoda torsion beam iyisici sesimanje futhi esivela njalo. Ezimotweni ezinomthwalo ophansi we-axle yangemuva, kuyisixazululo esanele esihlinzeka ngokunethezeka okuhle kokushayela nokuzinza kuyilapho kugcinwa intengo yokuthenga imoto ethengekayo kanye nezindleko eziphansi zokusebenza okulandelayo (iyunithi elula futhi enokwethenjelwa).
I-axle torsion beam yangemuva ifakwe ku-Citigo, Fabia, Rapid nezinye izinguqulo zenjini ye-Octavia. Amamodeli asele omkhiqizo, ngenxa yenjongo yawo ekhetheke kakhulu (ukushayela ungekho emgwaqeni noma ukushayela kwezemidlalo) noma isisindo esikhulu, asebenzisa isistimu ethuthukisiwe yezixhumanisi eziningi. Lo mklamo uqinisekisa ukunethezeka kokushayela okuphezulu, ukuphepha okukhulu ngaphansi komthwalo owengeziwe kanye namandla okushayela angaphazamiseki ngenxa yenhlanganisela yezixhumanisi ezilandelanayo neziphambanayo. Isistimu yezixhumanisi eziningi ezimotweni ze-Skoda isetshenziswa ku-Superb, i-Kodiaq nezinye izinguqulo ze-Octavia (isibonelo, i-RS).
Kodwa-ke, ku-axle yangaphambili, wonke ama-Skodas asebenzisa uhlobo oludumile kakhulu lokumiswa okuzimele - i-MacPherson struts ene- wishbones ephansi. Lokhu kuyisinqumo esingcono kakhulu ngezizathu zokuklama: izikhulumi zithatha indawo encane ngaphansi kwe-hood. Inzuzo enkulu lapha yikhono lokwehlisa indawo yenjini, okuholela esikhungweni esiphansi se-gravity yemoto yonke.
Isisetshenziswa esiwusizo, isibonelo, ezinqoleni zesiteshi, i-nivomat. Lona umshini ogcina ukumiswa kwemoto kwangemuva kusezingeni elifanele. I-Nivomat ivimbela ukukhishwa kwengxenye engemuva yomzimba lapho indawo yemithwalo ilayishwe kakhulu. Muva nje, i-Skoda Octavia RS ne-Octavia RS 230 zingahlonyiswa ngokumiswa kwe-DCC okuguquguqukayo nokukhetha iphrofayili yokushayela (Dynamic Chassis Control). Kulesi simiso, ukuqina kwe-shock absorbers kulawulwa yi-valve elawula ukugeleza kwamafutha ngaphakathi kwawo. Ngokusho komkhiqizi, i-valve ilawulwa nge-elekthronikhi ngokusekelwe kudatha eminingi: izimo zomgwaqo, isitayela sokushayela kanye nemodi ekhethiwe yokusebenza. Ukuvuleka kwamavalvu agcwele kunikeza ukudambisa amaqhuqhuva okusebenza kakhudlwana, okuncane - ukuphatha okunembe kakhudlwana nokuzethemba ngokubhuleka okusebenza kahle kakhulu nokunciphisa umqulu.
Isistimu yokukhetha imodi yokushayela, okungukuthi ukukhethwa kwephrofayela yokushayela, ixhunywe ne-DCC. Ikuvumela ukuthi ulungise amapharamitha athile emoto ngokwezidingo nokuthandwa ngumshayeli. Izindlela zokushayela ezitholakalayo "Comfort", "Normal" kanye "Sport" zishintsha izilungiselelo zokudlulisa, ukuqondisa kanye nezici zokudambisa. I-DCC iphinde ibe nesandla ekwenyukeni kokuphepha okusebenzayo, njengoba umsebenzi ushintsha ngokuzenzakalelayo usuka ku-Comfort uye kwi-Sport ezimeni eziphuthumayo, ngaleyo ndlela ukhulise uzinzo futhi ufinyeze nebanga lokubhuleka.
