Ukumiswa ngezindlela ezahlukene

Olunye lwezinhlelo ezibaluleke kakhulu ezinethonya eliqondile neliwujuqu ekuphepheni kokushayela ukumiswa kwemoto. Umsebenzi wayo ukudlulisa amandla avelayo ngesikhathi sokuhamba kwemoto, ikakhulukazi uma inqoba amajika omgwaqo, ama-bumps kanye namabhuleki. Ukumiswa nakho kudinga ukukhawulela noma yimaphi amaqhubu angafuneki angase abeke engcupheni ukunethezeka kokugibela.

Iyiphi i-pendant?

Ezimotweni zanamuhla zabagibeli, izinhlobo ezimbili zokumiswa zivame ukusetshenziswa. Kwi-ekseli yangaphambili iyazimela, e-aseli yangemuva - kuya ngohlobo lwemoto - nayo izimele noma ebizwa kanjalo. incike kancane, i.e. ngokusekelwe kugongolo lwe-torsion, futhi ukuncika ngokuphelele akuvamile ukusetshenziswa. Uhlobo oludala kakhulu lokumiswa okuzimele okungaphambili kuyisistimu yama- wishbones amabili anqamulayo asebenza njengesithwali. Ngokulandelayo, indima yezakhi ezikhulayo yenziwa yiziphethu ze-helical. Eceleni kwabo, i-shock absorber nayo isetshenziswa ekumisweni. Lolu hlobo lokumiswa manje alukavamile ukusetshenziswa, nakuba, ngokwesibonelo, i-Honda isayisebenzisa ngisho nasemiklamweni yabo yakamuva.

UMcPherson uyabusa, kodwa...

I-coil spring shock absorber, okungukuthi i-McPherson strut edumile, okwamanje iyona kuphela isixazululo sokumiswa ngaphambili esisetshenziswa kakhulukazi ezimotweni ezisezingeni eliphansi. Ama-struts kaMcPherson axhumeke ngokuqinile equlwini lokuqondisa, kanti lena yakamuva ixhunywe engalweni ye-rocker, okuthiwa yi-ball joint. Esikhathini sokugcina, uhlobo lwe-pendulum "A" luvame ukusetshenziswa, olusebenza ngokuzinza (okungavamile kakhulu i-pendulum eyodwa ebizwa ngokuthi i-torque rod). Inzuzo yesistimu esekelwe ku-McPherson strut inhlanganisela yemisebenzi emithathu kusethi eyodwa: ukumunca ukushaqeka, umthwali kanye nesiteringi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu hlobo lokumiswa luthatha isikhala esincane kakhulu, esikuvumela ukuthi ubeke injini ngokuphambene. Enye inzuzo isisindo esincane kanye nezinga lokuhluleka eliphansi kakhulu. Nokho, lo mklamo nawo unemibi. Phakathi kokubaluleke kakhulu ukuhamba okulinganiselwe kanye nokuntuleka kwe-perpendicularity yamasondo phansi.

Njalo ezine zingcono kunoyedwa

Ngokuqhubekayo, esikhundleni sengalo eyodwa ye-rocker, okubizwa ngokuthi ukumiswa kwe-multi-link kwasetshenziswa. Zihluke esixazululweni esisekelwe ku-McPherson strut ngokuhlukaniswa kwe-bearing and shock-absorbing. Eyokuqala yalokhu yenziwa uhlelo lwezinsimbi eziguquguqukayo (imvamisa ezine ohlangothini ngalunye), futhi iziphethu zekhoyili kanye ne-absorber eshaqisayo zinesibopho sokumiswa okulungile. Ukumiswa kwe-Multi-link kuvame ukusetshenziswa ezimotweni eziphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abakhiqizi bazo baya ngokuya bewafaka kuwo womabili ama-axles angaphambili nangemuva. Inzuzo enkulu yalesi sixazululo ukwanda okuphawulekayo kokunethezeka kokushayela, ngisho nalapho kuxoxisana ngamajika aqinile emgwaqeni. Futhi konke lokhu ngenxa yokuqedwa kokuntuleka kokumiswa kuMcPherson struts okukhulunywe ngakho encazelweni, i.е. ukuntuleka kwe-perpendicularity yamasondo phansi kulo lonke uhla lokusebenza.

Noma mhlawumbe izinkulumo ezengeziwe?

Kwamanye amamodeli emoto, ungathola ukuguqulwa okuhlukahlukene kokumiswa kwangaphambili. Futhi lapha, isibonelo, ku-Nissan Primera noma i-Peugeot 407 sizothola ukucacisa okwengeziwe. Umsebenzi wayo ukuthatha imisebenzi yokuqondisa kusuka ku-absorber engaphezulu yokushaqeka. Abaqambi be-Alfa Romeo basebenzisa esinye isisombululo. Isici esingeziwe lapha i- wishbone ephezulu, eklanyelwe ukuthuthukisa ukuphathwa kwesondo nokunciphisa umphumela wamandla ahlangene kuma-absorbers othusayo.

Imishayo njengamakholomu

NjengoMcPherson ngaphambili, i-suspension yangemuva igcwele i-torsion beam, eyaziwa nangokuthi yi-semi-independent suspension. Igama layo livela engqikithini yesenzo: ivumela amasondo angemuva ukuba ahambe ngokuhlobene nomunye nomunye, yebo, kuphela ngezinga elithile. Indima yesici sokushaqeka nokuthuthumela kulesi sixazululo sidlalwa yi-shock absorber ene-coil spring ebekwe kuso, i.e. kufana ne-MacPherson strut. Nokho, ngokungafani nalokhu kokugcina, eminye imisebenzi emibili ayenziwa lapha, i.e. shintsha kanye nenkampani yenethiwekhi.

Oncike noma Ozimele

Kwezinye izinhlobo zezimoto, kuhl. ama-SUV akudala, i-rear suspension ethembele isafakiwe. Ingasetshenziswa njenge-ekseli eqinile elenga eziphethwini zamaqabunga noma esikhundleni sazo kufakwe iziphethu zamakhoyili ezinemigoqo yobude (ngezinye izikhathi futhi okuthiwa ngama-panhards aguquguqukayo). Kodwa-ke, zombili izinhlobo ezishiwo ngenhla zokumiswa kwangemuva okwamanje zifaka esikhundleni sezinhlelo ezizimele. Kuye ngomkhiqizi, lokhu kufaka phakathi, phakathi kokunye, ugodo oluhlanganisiwe olunama-torsion bars (ikakhulukazi ezimotweni zaseFrance), kanye nama-swingarms kwezinye izinhlobo ze-BMW ne-Mercedes.