Ukumiswa kwemoto: idivayisi, isimiso sokusebenza
Ukumiswa kwemoto kuyisici esibalulekile se-chassis. Inhloso yawo enkulu wukuxhumanisa umgwaqo, amasondo nomzimba. Singakwazi futhi ukuhlukanisa imisebenzi emithathu eyenziwa ukumiswa, futhi akunandaba ukuthi hlobo luni lwemoto esikhuluma ngayo - imoto yomjaho, isithuthuthu, inqola yenkathi ephakathi:
- ukuxhumana kwamasondo nomzimba;
- ukumuncwa kokudlidliza okuvela ngesikhathi sokusebenzisana kwamathayi nobuso bomgwaqo;
- ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba kwamasondo okuhlobene nomzimba, ngenxa yokuthi kutholakala ubushelelezi obuthile.
Kuwebhusayithi yethu iVodi.su, sesivele sithinte lesi sihloko, sikhuluma ngama-absorbers noma ama-MacPherson struts. Eqinisweni, kunezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zezinhlobo zokumiswa, kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko:
- ukumiswa okuncikile - amasondo e-axle eyodwa axhunywe ngokuqinile komunye nomunye;
- okuzimele - isondo lingahamba ngokuhlobene nomzimba ngaphandle kokuthinta indawo yelinye isondo le-coaxial.
Izinto ezijwayelekile zazo zonke izinhlobo zokumiswa yilezi:
- izakhi ngenxa yokuthi kutholakala ukunwebeka (iziphethu, iziphethu, imigoqo ye-torsion);
- izakhi zokusatshalaliswa kokuqondisa kwamandla (i-longitudinal, transverse, levers double), lezi zakhi zihlinzeka nokuqiniswa kwalo lonke uhlelo lokumiswa emzimbeni othwala umthwalo noma ifreyimu yemoto;
- izakhi ezimanzi - ungavumeli imoto ukuba ihambe, okungukuthi, sikhuluma ngama-absorbers, njengoba sikhumbula, amafutha, i-pneumatic, i-gas-oil;
- ama-anti-roll bar - ibha ehlanganisa womabili amasondo e-axle eyodwa ihlanganiswe nama-racks;
- ama-fasteners - amabhlogo athule, ama-ball bearings, ama-metal bushings.
Yonke le mininingwane ngesikhathi sokushayela emigwaqeni inomthwalo omkhulu, futhi lo mthwalo mkhulu, izinga eliphezulu lemigwaqo libi kakhulu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, konke lokhu kubonakala ngekhwalithi yokugibela: ukulungiswa kwesondo lemoto kuyaphazamiseka, ukulawuleka kuphazamisekile, imoto iqala "ukuvuma ngekhanda" lapho ibhuleka, ingena kakhulu ekuphendukeni, ukuzulazula noma ukugoqa kakhulu.
Ukuze ugweme zonke lezi zinkinga, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukuxilonga ngesikhathi, esikhundleni samabhulokhi athule, ama-stabilizer struts, esikhundleni se-shock absorbers, njll.
Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokumiswa
Zombili izinhlobo zokumiswa ezincikile nezizimele zisasetshenziswa nanamuhla. Uhlobo oluncikile oluvame kakhulu ukumiswa eziphethwini ze-longitudinal. Lolu khetho lusetshenziswa amaloli, amabhasi kanye SUVs, ngoba has a umkhawulo omkhulu wokuphepha, ngokungafani MacPherson strut ukumiswa ethandwa namuhla.
Ezikhathini zangaphambi kwempi, ukumiswa emithonjeni enqamulayo kwakudume kakhulu. Yasetshenziswa kumamodeli okuqala akwaFord. Kuyafaneleka ukusho ukuthi izimoto zaseWartburg ezazidingeka ngaleso sikhathi, ezikhiqizwa eGDR, zazifakwe uhlelo olunjalo lwasentwasahlobo.
Ezinye izinhlobo zokumiswa okuncikile zihlanganisa:
- ukumiswa ngezikhali eziqondisayo - ezisasetshenziswa ezimotweni zezemidlalo, amaloli namabhasi abagibeli;
- ngepayipi elicindezelayo noma i-drawbar - yayisetshenziswa ezimotweni ze-Ford, yayithembekile, kodwa yashiywa ngenxa yedivayisi eyinkimbinkimbi;
- I-De Dion - amasondo okushayela axhunywe yi-sprung beam, ukuzungeza emasondweni kudluliselwa kusuka ku-gearbox ngokusebenzisa ama-axle shaft anamahinge. Lolu hlelo luthembekile kakhulu, lusetshenziswa kwaFord Ranger, Smart Fortwo, Alfa Romeo nezinye izinhlobo eziningi zezimoto.
Ukumiswa kwesixhumanisi se-Torsion kusho ukuncika kancane. Yaqala ukufakwa ezizukulwaneni zokuqala zeVolkswagen Golf neScirocco. I-torsion bar iyishubhu yensimbi, ngaphakathi kwayo okunezinduku ezinwebekayo ezisebenza ngokugoqa. Ama-Torsion bar asetshenziswa njenge-elementi yokunwebeka noma i-anti-roll bar.
Ama-pendants azimele nawo asungulwa inani elikhulu lezinhlobo. Enye yezinto ezilula - nge-axle shafts eguqukayo. Ama-axle shafts nawo aphuma ku-gearbox, izakhi ezinwebekayo nazo ziyasetshenziswa lapha: imigoqo ye-torsion, iziphethu, iziphethu. Yayifaneleka kahle izimoto ezincane ezingasheshi, njenge-ZAZ-965, kodwa kamuva zaqala ukuyishiya yonke indawo.
Ukumiswa kwe-Wishbone kusetshenziswa iningi lezimoto zabagibeli namuhla. Eqinisweni, amasondo awaxhumene, kodwa axhunywe kuma-levers, nawo anamathele emzimbeni.
Kamuva, isistimu enjalo yacwengwa ngokuphindaphindiwe:
- izingalo ezilandelanayo;
- izintambo ze-oblique;
- izifiso ezimbili;
- ukumiswa kwezixhumanisi eziningi.
Eqinisweni, ukumiswa kwe-MacPherson strut kungenye yezinhlobo zalo mklamo, obuye wathuthukiswa ngokufaka ikhandlela - i-strut yomhlahlandlela ene-absorber shock.
Hhayi-ke, ungakhohlwa ukuthi izinhlobo ezisebenzayo zokumiswa zithola ukuthandwa namuhla, ngokwesibonelo, emithonjeni yomoya. Okusho ukuthi, umshayeli angakwazi ukulawula imingcele ehlukahlukene esebenzisa amadivaysi okulawula. I-Adaptive suspension iwuhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi oluhlome ngenqwaba yezinzwa eziqoqa ulwazi mayelana nesivinini, ikhwalithi yendawo yomgwaqo, ukuma kwamasondo, futhi ngokusekelwe kule datha, imodi yokushayela elungile iyakhethwa.
Iyalayisha...
