Imicamelo emithathu, noma ukuthi izinjini ezingamasilinda ama-3 zifakwa kanjani
Abakhiqizi bezimoto baya ngokuya bethula izinjini ezingamasilinda amathathu emnikelweni wabo. Nakuba lawa mayunithi asebenzisa uphethiloli omncane uma kuqhathaniswa nozakwabo bamasilinda amane, ngakolunye uhlangothi, abangela ubunzima obuningi obuhlobene ngokuyinhloko nokukhwezwa kwawo kumafreyimu ezimoto.
Yini inkinga?
Inombolo encishisiwe yamasilinda idinga ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela zokumanzisa ezifanele, okuhlanganisa ibhalansi shafts. Ijika elincibilikayo kufanele livumelane nesakhiwo senjini ngasinye, ngokungafani nezinjini ezivamile ezinamasilinda amane. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuncibilika okufanele kokudlidliza kwamayunithi angama-cylinder amathathu, kusetshenziswa izimbotshana ezifanele zenjini, ezikhawulela, ikakhulukazi, ukunyakaza kwazo kwe-longitudinal kanye ne-transverse.
I-hydraulic, i-electro-hydraulic noma i-torque fastening?
Ukufaka izinjini ezinama-cylinder amathathu, kokubili ama-hydraulic kanye nama-electro-hydraulic cushions angasetshenziswa, anokuphila kwenkonzo ende. Kodwa-ke, kulezi zinsuku amaphedi okuxhuma ama-"brake mount" aziwa kakhulu ngokuthi ama-lollipops. Kulesi sixazululo, i-vibration damping inikezwa isixhumi esikhethekile, lapho i-bushing eyodwa inamathele enjini, kanti enye iboshiwe emzimbeni. Inzuzo ye-cushions "yokwesekwa kwe-torque" ukukhawulwa okuzinzile kokutsheka kwenjini, futhi ukungahambi kahle kuyimpilo yesevisi emfushane kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nama-cushions hydraulic.
Yini ephukayo?
Imikhono efakwayo yonakele ngomshini ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Ukwehluleka komunye wabo kuholela ekusebenzeni kwenjini okukhulu, kanye nokudlidliza (ukudlidliza okuzwakalayo) okudluliselwa emzimbeni wemoto. Ukushayela imoto isikhathi eside kakhulu nge-bushing(ama) enesici kungalimaza izingxenye zokudlulisela futhi kubangele ukudlidliza okuphawulekayo ku-shift lever kanye nesondo lokuqondisa. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukuntuleka kokudambisa ukudlidliza kuholela ekulimaleni kwesistimu yokuqondisa, injini kanye nokudluliselwa.
Nini esikhundleni?
Awekho amamayela abekiwe okuthi ngemuva kwalokho kushintshwe ama-airbag okufaka injini. Kufanele zishintshwe kufakwe ezintsha lapho izimpawu zomonakalo zibonakala. Qaphela! Uma iphedi eyonakele ifakwe nge-axially nenye iphedi (isb. phakathi nendawo yokudambisa injini), yomibili kufanele ishintshwe.
With variable damping izici
Ezixazululweni zesimanje, lokho okubizwa nge-injini esebenzayo, ebonakala ngezici eziguquguqukayo zokudambisa. Enye indlela ukusebenzisa idrayivu ye-electromechanical. Ikuvumela ukuthi ulungise izinga lokudambisa libe nezimo zamanje zokushayela noma imodi yokushayela ekhethwe umsebenzisi, kanye nokulawula ngokunembe kakhudlwana ukuhamba kwesici sokudambisa ukudlidliza okungalingani (lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu esimweni samasilinda amathathu emgqeni. izinjini).
Okuphambene nale ndlela i-motor mount pad enezinhlobo ezimbili zokusebenza (esikhundleni se-electromagnetic drive). Okubizwa ngokuthi izici ezithambile ze-cushion zizwakala kuphela ngokungenzi lutho. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, phakathi nokunyakaza kwemoto, ubukhulu bamandla okunciphisa buyashintshashintsha futhi buhambisana ne-oscillations yamanje yenjini.
Ikhethwe kanjani i-damping elungile? Ukusebenza komcamelo we-injini kulawulwa iyunithi yokulawula, ethola amasignali emithonjeni emibili: inzwa yesivinini se-crankshaft kanye nezinzwa zokusheshisa (ezitholakala kuma-mounts amabili enjini). Banikeza idatha yesikhathi sangempela ye-amplitude ukuze kuqedwe ukudlidliza. Enye indlela yokunciphisa ukudlidliza ukusebenzisa uhlelo olukhethekile lwe-hydraulic emshinini wokumisa injini. Amanziswa yi-hydraulic medium (hydraulic fluid esekelwe ku-propylene glycol), kulokhu okuyisisindo sangaphakathi esilinganisa ukudlidliza. Isebenza kanjani? Ukumuncwa kwamandla okudlidliza kwe-amplitude ephezulu evela entweni yokumiswa kwenzeka ngenxa yokugeleza koketshezi olusebenzayo olusuka egumbini lokusebenza (ngokusebenzisa imigudu yokumanzisa) luye egumbini lokulinganisa. Lokhu kugeleza kushukumisa ukudlidliza okungafuneki futhi kunciphisa nokugudluzwa kwe-longitudinal kanye nohlangothi lwenjini. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, nge-oscillation amplitude encane, ukuthambisa kufinyelelwa ngophawu olukhethekile oluntantayo lwe-diaphragm. Isebenza kanjani? I-diaphragm seal iyandindizela, ngokungafani nokudlidliza okukhiqizwa injini. Ngenxa yalokho, ukudlidliza okungafuneki okudluliselwa emzimbeni kuphansi, ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sokusebenzisa ama-balance shafts engeziwe.
