Kungani ama-valve evutha

Ama-valve esikhathi atholakala ngokunembile ekamelweni elivuthayo futhi aklanyelwe imithwalo yokushisa ephezulu. Kodwa-ke, uma ukusebenza okuvamile kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi kuphazamiseka, ngisho nezinto ezimelana nokushisa ezivela kuzo ziyabhujiswa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukuthi ama-valve asha ngokushesha kangakanani kuncike esimweni sokungasebenzi kahle. Izimpawu ezibonisa ukuthi i-valve ekusilinda ishile ukusebenza okungalingani kanye nokuqala okunzima kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi, kanye nokuphelelwa amandla. Nokho, lezi zimpawu ezifanayo zingenzeka nezinye izinkinga. Lesi sihloko sizokusiza ukuthi ubone ukuthi kusho ukuthini "i-valve eshisiwe", kungani lokhu kwenzeka futhi ufunde mayelana nezindlela zokuxilonga isikhathi ngaphandle kokukhipha ikhanda.

Izimpawu ze-valve eshile

Indlela yokuqonda ukuthi ama-valve ashisiwe? Indlela elula yokufaka lokhu ngokuhlola okubukwayo, kodwa kulokhu kuzodingeka ukhiphe ikhanda lesilinda, elikhandlayo futhi elibizayo. Ngakho-ke, okokuqala, kufanelekile ukuqondiswa izimpawu ezingaqondile. Ukwazi ukuthi kwenzekani lapho i-valve ivutha, nokuthi lokhu kuthinta kanjani ukusebenza kwenjini yangaphakathi yomlilo, kungenzeka ukunquma ukuwohloka ngaphandle kokuhlakaza injini.

Ungazi kanjani uma i-valve ishile bheka ithebula ukuze uthole izimpawu ezivamile kanye nezimbangela.

Uphawu	izizathu	Kungani lokhu kwenzeka
Ukuqhunyiswa ("ukushaya iminwe")	Inombolo ye-octane ayihambisani nokunconywe umenzi. ukuthungela kusethwe ngokungalungile	Uma i-petroli i-octane ephansi noma ivutha ngesikhathi esingalungile, khona-ke ngokucindezelwa okunamandla kwengxube, esikhundleni sokushiswa kwayo okubushelelezi, ukuqhuma kwenzeka. Izingxenye zegumbi elivuthayo zingaphansi kwemithwalo yokushaqeka, ama-valve ashisa ngokweqile futhi angase aqhekeke
Ukwenyuka kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli	Ukusebenza okungalungile kwesikhathi	Imodi yokusebenza yebhande lesikhathi eline-valve eyonakele iyaphazamiseka, amandla ehla, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwenjini, okungaholela ekwandeni kokusetshenziswa.
Ukuwohloka kokudonsa kanye namandla	Ukwehla kwamandla aphelele enjini evuthayo yangaphakathi	I-valve eshisiwe ayikuvumeli ukufinyelela kokucindezelwa kokusebenza kusilinda, ngenxa yalokho, amandla adingekayo awadalwanga ukuhambisa i-piston.
Isiqalo esinzima	Ukunciphisa isivinini se-piston	I-piston ayikwazi ukudala amandla adingekayo ukuze ijikeleze i-crankshaft
Ukuthuthumela nokungenzi lutho ngokungalingani, ukushintsha umsindo wenjini	I-Cylinder Misfires	Imvamisa, ukukhanya kumasilinda enjini evuthayo kwenzeka ngezikhathi ezilinganayo (isigamu sokujika kwe-crankshaft yenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi engu-4-cylinder) nangamandla afanayo, ngakho-ke injini iphenduka ngokulinganayo. Uma i-valve isha, isilinda asikwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wayo futhi injini evuthayo yangaphakathi ibhekene nokuguquguquka kokulayisha, okubangela ukukhubeka nokudlidliza okunamandla.
Isibhamu somthulisi	Ukushiswa kwe-VTS ku-multifold exhaust	Kusilinda esivuzayo, ingxube yamafutha omoya ayishi ngokuphelele. Ngenxa yalokho, uphethiloli osele ungena endaweni yokushisa eshisayo futhi uvutha.
Ingena endaweni yokungena	ingxube yesibaseli somoya ibuyela kokuningi kanye nesamukeli	Uma i-valve yokungena ishisa futhi inobuthi, khona-ke ngesikhathi sokucindezelwa, ingxenye yengxube ibuyela esamukeli sokungena, lapho isha khona lapho kusetshenziswa inhlansi.

I-valve ishile futhi ayisakwazi ukunikeza ukuqina

Ngezimpawu ezibalwe ngenhla, ungathola ukuthi ama-valve enjini evuthayo yangaphakathi ashile. Inhlanganisela yezimpawu ezimbalwa ibonisa lokhu ngamathuba aphezulu. Isihlalo okumele i-valve ilingane kuso kahle uma ivala singasha, nakuba lokhu kuwukwehluleka okungajwayelekile.

Uma izimpawu zibonisa ukutholakala kwemifantu ku-valve noma ukuthi izihlalo ze-valve zishisiwe, yini imbangela yokuphuka ingasungulwa ngokuthembekile kuphela ngosizo lokuxilongwa okuphelele nokuxazulula izinkinga. Ukuze wenze ukulungisa.Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bekuyini, kuzodingeka ukhiphe ikhanda le-cylinder, bese ushintsha izingxenye ezihlulekile.

Izindleko zokulungisa inkinga

Ungakwazi ukufaka esikhundleni sevalvu emotweni yasekhaya ngezindleko ezincane, uchithe cishe ama-ruble ayi-1000 XNUMX kuvalvu ngokwayo, igasket entsha ye-cylinder head, i-lapping paste, kanye ne-antifreeze ukuze ugcwalise. Kodwa ngokuvamile yonke into ayipheli ngokutubeka okukodwa: ukugaya noma ukufaka esikhundleni sekhanda le-cylinder elikhubazekile ngenxa yokushisa ngokweqile, kanye nezihlalo ze-valve eziphendukayo, kungase kudingeke. I-valve ephiniwe ihlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa kwekhamera ye-camshaft.

Esiteshini sesevisi, bayanqikaza ukushintsha i-valve eyodwa, futhi ukugcinwa okuphelele nokulungiswa kwekhanda le-cylinder kuqala kusuka kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-5-10 we-VAZ - kuze kube emashumini ezinkulungwane zezimoto zamanje zangaphandle.

Ngemva kokufaka ama-valve ashisiwe nokulungisa ikhanda le-cylinder, kubalulekile ukuqeda imbangela yokukhathala. Uma lokhu kungenziwanga, khona-ke ngokushesha ingxenye izohluleka futhi!

Kungani ama-valve enjini esha?

Yini ebangela ukuthi i-valve enjinini evuthayo yangaphakathi iphele? isizathu esiyisisekelo siwukuthi ukwephulwa kombuso wokushisa ekamelweni lokushisa. Ngenxa yalokho, ingxenye ingaphansi kokushisa ngokweqile, insimbi iqala ukuncibilika, noma ngokuphambene nalokho, iba yi-brittle, iqhuma futhi iqhekeke. Ngisho nephutha elincane le-valve lithuthuka kancane kancane, ngenxa yalokho liba lingasetshenziswa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Kunezizathu eziyisi-6 eziyisisekelo zokuthi kungani ama-valve emotweni eshile:

1. Ingxube embi. Ingxube yomoya evuthayo enomoya ovuthayo isha kancane kancane kunokujwayelekile (i-stoichiometric), ingxenye yayo iyasha kakade lapho uphuma endaweni evuthayo, ngakho-ke umthwalo wokushisa ku-exhaust tract uyakhula. Izizathu zokuthi kungani i-valve yokukhipha igesi isha ngokuvamile ilele engxubeni ethambile noma enkingeni elandelayo.
2. Isikhathi sokubasa esingalungile. Ukuphakama kwenombolo ye-octane kaphethiloli, ishisa ngokulinganayo futhi kancane kancane, ngakho-ke, ngokunyuka kwe-octane, ukwanda kwesikhathi sokushisa kuyadingeka. Ngokushisa sekwephuzile, ingxube iyasha kakade ku-exhaust tract, ishisa ama-valve. Njengoba uphethiloli uvutha ngaphambi kwesikhathi, imithwalo yokushaqeka nokushisa ngokweqile kuvela.
3. ukufakwa kwensiza. Ngesikhathi sokuvala, i-valve ihambisana kahle nesihlalo, ehilelekile ekususeni ukushisa okukhulu. Ngokwakhiwa kwe-soot ebusweni bawo, ukudluliswa kokushisa konakala kakhulu. Ukupholisa kuphela ngentamo akuphumelelanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungqimba luvimbela ama-valve ukuthi avale ngokugcwele, okuholela ekuphumeleleni kwengxube evuthayo ekungeneni noma ekukhipheni okuningi, okwandisa ukushisa.
4. Ukucaciswa kwama-valve okungalungile. Enjinini ebandayo, kunegebe phakathi kwesiphakamisi se-valve kanye ne-camshaft eccentric, okuwumkhawulo wokunwetshwa kwensimbi. Ingalungiswa ngesandla ngezikhathi ezithile kusetshenziswa amawasha noma izinkomishi ezinogqinsi oludingekayo, noma ngokuzenzakalelayo izinxephezelo ezisebenza nge-hydraulic. Uma kwenzeka ukulungiswa okungalungile noma ukuguga kwesinxephezelo se-hydraulic, ingxenye ithatha indawo engalungile. Uma i-valve igxiliwe, ayikwazi ukuvala ngokuphelele, ingxube evuthayo iphula igebe phakathi kwayo nesihlalo, okubangela ukuba bashise kakhulu. Uma i-valve yokungena ishile, izizathu zalokhu ngokuvamile zilala ngokuqondile ekubambeni noma kumadiphozithi endaweni yayo evimbela ukukhiya.
5. Izinkinga zesistimu yokupholisa. Uma ukujikeleza kwe-coolant ekhanda le-cylinder kuphazamiseka noma i-antifreeze imane ingakwazi ukubhekana nokususwa kokushisa, ngenxa yalokho, izingxenye zekhanda zishisa ngokweqile, futhi ama-valve nezihlalo zabo zingashisa.
6. Umthamo kaphethiloli ongalungile. Ezinjinini zikadizili, ukushiswa kwama-valve kwenzeka ngenxa yomthwalo ofanayo oshisayo owedlulele obangelwa isilinganiso esingalungile sikaphethiloli. Isizathu sazo singase sibe ukusebenza okungalungile kwepompo yomjovo noma ama-injection kaphethiloli.

I-valve yokukhipha eshile

Ukufakwa kwekhabhoni kumavalvu nasezihlalweni kuholela ekutubekeni

Kusukela kulokhu osekushiwo, singaphetha ngokuthi yimaphi ama-valve ashisa kaningi - ama-valve okukhipha amandla. Okokuqala, mancane ngosayizi, ngakho-ke ashise ngokushesha. Okwesibili, kungenxa yazo lapho kukhishwa amagesi akhipha amanzi ashisayo. Amavalvu okudonsa ahlala epholiswa yingxube yamafutha omoya noma umoya ohlanzekile (ezinjini zokujova eziqondile) futhi ngenxa yalokho ahlangabezana nengcindezi encane yokushisa.

Yini ebangela ukuthi ama-valve enjini kaphethiloli ashe?

Impendulo yombuzo othi "kungani i-valve yokukhipha umoya yavutha enjini kaphethiloli?" ingatholakala esigabeni sangaphambilini kumaphuzu 1-5 (ingxube, ukushisa, amadiphozi ekhabhoni, izikhala kanye nokupholisa). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isizathu sesine sibaluleke kakhulu ku-DVSm, lapho ukulungiswa kwesandla kwegebe elishisayo kunikezwa. Ingabe ama-valve anama-hydraulic lifter ayasha? Lokhu kwenzeka futhi, kodwa ngokuvamile ngenxa yezizathu ezingaphezu kokulawulwa kwezinxephezelo ezizenzakalelayo - zona ngokwazo azivamile ukuhluleka.

Isizathu esivame kakhulu sokuthi kungani i-valve ishisa ku-VAZ ICE nge-valve ye-8-valve ukulungiswa kahle kokugunyazwa okufika ngesikhathi noma okungafanelekile. Ezinjini ezindala ezifakwe ku-VAZ 2108 kanye ne-VAZ 2111, inkinga ibonakala kaningi ngenxa yesikhashana sokulungiswa okufushane. Ku-ICE yochungechunge lwe-1186, efakwe e-Kalina, Grant nase-Datsun, lapho isikhawu sikhuphuka ngenxa yokulungiswa kwe-ShPG, iphinyiselwe kancane. Noma kunjalo, ukuphinwa kwe-valve kungesinye sezizathu eziyinhloko zokuthi kungani i-valve yokungena ishe. Futhi lokhu akusebenzi kuphela kuma-VAZ.

Iqiniso liwukuthi ngenxa yokuncipha kwezihlalo kanye nokuzigaya kancane kancane kwama-valve, ejikeleza ngokukhululekile ezungeze i-axis yawo, kancane kancane akhuphuka. Ngenxa yalokho, igebe phakathi kwe-pusher ne-camshaft eccentric cam liyancishiswa, ukulungiswa kulahleka.

Ingxube engenawo amandla, ebangela ukushisa ngokweqile kwembobo yokukhipha umoya, iyimbangela eyinhloko yokutubeka ezinjinini zikaphethiloli ezinama-hydraulic. Kodwa ukuthungela okungalungile nokushisisa kwekhanda lesilinda kuvamile ngokulinganayo kuzo zonke izinjini, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyiphi indlela yokulungisa i-valve.

Kungani ama-valve evutha ngemva kokufaka i-HBO?

Isizathu esiyinhloko esenza ukuthi ama-valve egesi ashise ukulungiselelwa okungalungile kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi ye-HBO. Uphethiloli wegesi uyahluka kuphethiloli ngenombolo ye-octane: i-propane-butane ivamise ukuba nesilinganiso se-octane samayunithi ayi-100, kanti i-methane inamayunithi ayi-110. Uma a ignition ilungiselwe uphethiloli 92 noma 95 - ingxube izoba shisa kakade ku-exhaust tract.

Lapho ufaka i-HBO (ikakhulukazi i-methane), qiniseka ukuthi ufaka i-variator ye-UOZ ukuze ulungise isikhathi sokudubula lapho ushayela ngegesi! Noma faka i-firmware yemodi ekabili "gas-petroli". Ezimotweni ezifika ne-HBO ekuqaleni (njenge-Lada Vesta CNG), i-firmware enjalo ifakwa embonini; kwamanye amamodeli, isofthiwe efanayo yenziwa ngochwepheshe bokushuna ama-chip.

Isizathu sesibili esivamile esenza ukuthi ama-valve ashiswe yigesi ukusebenza kwenhlanganisela ethambile. Ingxube ethambile ivutha kakhulu, ishisa isikhathi eside futhi isha isivele isendaweni yokukhipha umoya, ngaleyo ndlela iveze i-valve nesihlalo sayo ekushiseni ngokweqile.

Noma iyiphi i-HBO idinga ukushuna. Kumasistimu esizukulwane sokuqala kuya kwesi-1, kubalulekile lungisa kahle u-gearbox, futhi ngomhlaka-4 nakamuva - setha ukulungiswa komjovo okuhlobene nophethiloli ku-ECU yegesi. Uma ulungisa ngokungalungile uhlelo noma “uluklinya” ngamabomu ngenxa yomnotho, lokhu kugcwele ukutubeka.

Ukusetshenziswa kwegesi enjinini yesimanje ngeke kube ngu-1:1 kuphethiloli. Inani labo le-calorific liyaqhathaniswa (ngaphakathi kwe-40-45 kJ / g), kodwa ukuminyana kwe-propane-butane kuphansi ngo-15-25% (500-600 g / l ngokumelene ne-700-800 g / l). Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwegesi engxenyeni evame ukunothiswa kufanele kube ngaphezu kukaphethiloli!

Njengophethiloli, izimbangela ezivamile zokushiswa kwe-valve enjinini evuthayo yangaphakathi ene-LPG kungaba ukulungiswa okungalungile kokugunyazwa, ukuphekwa nge-soot, nezinkinga zokupholisa. Ngakho-ke, lapho uxazulula inkinga nge-valve eshisiwe, kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi lezi zinkinga azikho.

Kuma-motor anokulungiswa ngesandla kwama-valve asebenza ngegesi, lapho ulungisa izikhala, kufanelekile ukwenza isichibiyelo sika-+0,05 mm. Isibonelo, ku-8 valve ICE VAZ, imvume evamile yokuthatha i-0,15-0,25 mm, futhi i-exhaust clearances i-0,3-0,4 mm, kodwa ngegesi kufanele ishintshelwe ku-0,2-0,3 mm ukuze isetshenziswe kanye no-0,35-0,45 mm ukuze ikhululwe .

Kungani ama-valve edizili esha?

Izizathu zokuthi kungani ama-valve e-diesel ashile zihlukile kuma-ICE kaphethiloli. Abanakho ukuthungela kwenhlansi, futhi ingxube ethambile iwuphawu lokusebenza okuvamile, njengoba umoya kufanele uhlale unikezwa ngokweqile ukuze kushiswe ngokuphelele uphethiloli wedizili. Izizathu ezijwayelekile zokuthi kungani ama-valve asha emotweni enenjini kadizili yilezi:

• ukujova uphethiloli kusenesikhathi kumasilinda;
• ukuphinda kuthuthukiswe ingxube ngenxa yokucindezela okukhulu kwepompo yomjovo noma imibhobho echichimayo;
• ukulungiswa okungalungile kwezikhala ezishisayo noma ukuwohloka kwama-hydraulic lifters;
• ukushisa ngokweqile kwekhanda le-cylinder ngenxa yokwephulwa kokujikeleza kwe-antifreeze noma ukuwohloka kwezakhiwo zayo.

Imvamisa, i-valve enjinini kadizili iyasha ngenxa yalezi zizathu ezingenhla. Kuma-ICE amadala anephampu yomjovo ewumshini, umjovo wangaphambi kwesikhathi ungase uvele ngenxa yokuphuka kwesibali sikhathi (umshini osengaphambili) wepompo olawula isikhathi sokuphakelwa kukaphethiloli. Kuma-ICE esimanje anohlelo lwe-Common Rail, imbangela yokushiswa kwama-valve kungaba izinzwa ezinquma ngokungalungile isikhathi sokujova, namabhomu agugile athela uphethiloli ngaphezu kokujwayelekile.

Izizathu zokuthi kungani ama-valve enjini evuthayo yangaphakathi yemoto ekuphethiloli kadizili ashile kungase kube izinkinga ngesihlungi somoya kanye ne-intercooler (ku-turbodiesel). Isihlungi esivalekile sikhawulela ukugeleza komoya, ngenxa yokuthi kunenani elikhulu likaphethiloli elinomthamo wokunikezwa njalo. I-intercooler eshisa kakhulu (isibonelo, ngenxa yokungcola) yenza okufanayo. Awukwazi ukupholisa umoya ngokujwayelekile, ngenxa yalokho, nakuba ithuthukisa ingcindezi edingekayo ekuthatheni kusukela ekwandiseni lapho kushisa, inani le-oxygen kuyo ekugcineni liphenduka linganele, njengoba umoya untula ngobuningi obuhlobene nokujwayelekile. Zombili lezi zici zidala ukunothisa ngokweqile kwengxube, okuthi enjinini kadizili kungaholela ekushisweni kwamavalvu.

Indlela yokubona i-valve eshile ngaphandle kokukhipha ikhanda le-cylinder

Ukuhlolwa kwama-valve kusetshenziswa i-endoscope exhunywe ku-smartphone

Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyisisekelo zokunquma i-valve eshisiwe ngokunemba okuphezulu ngaphandle kokuhlakaza injini:

• isilinganiso sokucindezela;
• ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo nge-endoscope.

ukuze uqonde ukuthi ama-valve ashile, ungakwazi ukwenza le misebenzi ngokwakho noma uthinte isitolo sokulungisa izimoto. I-endoscope yesabelomali, njenge-compressometer, izobiza ama-ruble angu-500-1000. Cishe inani elifanayo lizothathwa ukuze kuhlolwe futhi kuthathwe umphathi esiteshini sesevisi. Ukuhlola nge-endoscope exhunywe ku-smartphone, ithebhulethi noma i-laptop ikuvumela ukuba ubone ngokucacile i-valve eyonakele, futhi "i-compressometer" izobonisa ukwehla kokucindezela kusilinda.

Ngaphambi kokuhlola i-valve eshisiwe, udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi azikho izinkinga zegebe. Kumelwe zisethwe kahle, ngoba futhi ivalve epinkiwe yonke engakwazi ukuvala ngokuphelele iziphatha ngendlela efanayo neshisiwe.

Ukulinganisa ukucindezelwa, ikakhulukazi kuma-motor ane-throttle electronic, udinga umsizi, ngoba ngesikhathi sokuhlola i-damper kumele ivule ngokugcwele. futhi umsizi uzoqala isiqalisi.

Indlela yokuthola isilinda ephukile

Ungakwazi ukunquma isilinda esine-valve eshile ngokulinganisa ukucindezelwa noma ukukhipha izintambo / amakhoyili emakhandleleni ngenjini egijimayo. Indlela yokuhlola i-valve eshisiwe enjini kaphethiloli ngomsindo:

Ukuhlonza Isilinda NgeValve Eshisiwe

1. Qala injini, ivumele ifudumale futhi uvule i-hood.
2. Susa intambo noma ikhoyili ekhandlelani lesilinda sokuqala.
3. Lalela ukuthi umsindo we-motor ushintshile, noma ngabe ukudlidliza kunyukile.
4. Buyisela ucingo noma ikhoyili endaweni yayo, futhi ulalele izinguquko emsebenzini.
5. Phinda izinyathelo ezingu-2-4 kuwo wonke amasilinda.

Uma i-cylinder ibamba ukucindezela kahle, khona-ke lapho ivaliwe, injini yomlilo yangaphakathi iqala ukusebenza kabi, kathathu futhi inyakaze, futhi uma ixhunyiwe, umsebenzi ubuyela evamile. Kodwa uma i-valve ishisiwe, isilinda asihileli ngokugcwele emsebenzini, ngakho-ke umsindo nokudlidliza kwemoto ngemva kokunqamula nokuxhuma ikhandlela akushintshi.

Ngodizili, inketho kuphela enegeji yokucindezela etholakalayo ngenxa yokuntuleka kwama-spark plugs. Kusilinda ene-valve enesici, ingcindezi izoba cishe ngo-3 (noma ngaphezulu) i-atm ngaphansi kunakwenye enye..

Indlela yokubona ukuthi inkinga iyini

Njengoba kungenzeka ukubona i-valve eshisiwe nge-endoscope ngokuqinisekile, kungcono ukukhetha le nketho uma kungenzeka. Ukuze uhlole udinga:

I-valve eshisiwe esithombeni esivela ku-endoscope

1. Xhuma "i-endoscope" kukhompuyutha ephathekayo noma i-smartphone bese uveza isithombe esikrinini.
2. Faka okunamathiselwe kwesibuko kukhamera (uyazikhethela uma "i-endoscope" inekhanda elilawulwayo).
3. Khipha ikhandlela bese ubeka “i-endoscope” kusilinda ngembobo.
4. Hlola ama-valve ukuthi awasebenzi yini.
5. Phinda izinyathelo ezi-3-4 ngesilinda ngasinye.

Ukuhlola ngegeji yokucindezela kusekelwe ekuqondeni ukuthi kwenzekani kungcindezi lapho i-valve isha. Enjinini evuthayo kaphethiloli yangaphakathi efudumele, ukucindezela okuvamile kuyibha engu-10-15 noma i-atmospheres (1–1,5 MPa), kuye ngesilinganiso sokucindezela. Ingcindezi kucylinder diesel ingama-20-30 bar noma i-atm. (2–3 MPa), ngakho-ke, ukuze uyihlole, udinga idivayisi enegeji yokucindezela enebanga lokulinganisa elibanzi.

Indlela yokunquma ukuthi i-valve ishile kusetshenziswa i-press gauge ikhonjiswe emiyalweni engezansi. Uma ithiphu ye-gauge yokucindezela ingahlomile ngentambo, kodwa nge-rubber cone, umsizi uzodingeka.

Inqubo yokuhlola ama-valve ashile nge-compression gauge:

1. Khipha amapulaki ezinhlansi (enjinini kaphethiloli), amapulagi akhanyayo noma ama-injector (enjinini yedizili) ekhanda lesilinda. ukuze ungaziphambanisi ngesikhathi sokuhlanganisa, faka inombolo yezintambo ze-spark plug noma amakhoyili.
2. Vala ukunikezwa kukaphethiloli, isibonelo, ngokuvala iphampu kaphethiloli (ungasusa i-fuse) noma ngokunqamula umugqa wepompo lomjovo.
3. Khipha i-"compressometer" emgodini wesilinda sokuqala noma uyicindezele ngokuqinile ngekhoni emgodini.
4. Yiba nomsizi aphendule injini ngesiqalisi imizuzwana emi-5 ngenkathi ucindezela i-pedal yegesi iye phansi ukuze ugcwalise kahle isilinda ngomoya.
5. Rekhoda ukufundwa kwegeji yokucindezela, ukuqhathanise nezijwayelekile zenjini yakho evuthayo yangaphakathi.
6. Zero i-"compressometer" ngokuyicindezela.
7. Phinda izinyathelo ezi-3-6 kumasilinda asele.

Uphethiloli "i-compressometer" enentambo nama-cone nozzles

Idizili "i-compressometer" enesilinganiso sokulinganisa esifika kumabha angama-70

Ngemva kokwenza izilinganiso zokucindezela, qhathanisa ukufundwa kwedivayisi ngayinye yamasilinda. Amanani ajwayelekile ezinjini ezahlukene zangaphakathi akhonjisiwe ngenhla, ukusabalala kwamasilinda kufanele kube ngaphakathi kwebha engu-1 noma i-atm. (0,1 MPa). Uphawu lokutubeka ukwehla kwengcindezi enkulu (3 atm noma ngaphezulu).

I-valve eshisiwe ayihlali inecala lokucindezela okuphansi. Ukucindezelwa okungalungile kungabangelwa izindandatho ezinamathele, ezigugile noma eziphukile, ukuguga okweqile kwamasilinda, noma ukulimala kwepiston. Ungaqonda ukuthi ivalvu eshile isebenza ngale ndlela ngokujova cishe u-10 ml wamafutha enjini kusilinda bese ukala kabusha ukucindezelwa. Uma inyukile - inkinga ngezindandatho noma ukugqoka kwe-cylinder, uma ingashintshile - i-valve ayibambi ingcindezi ngenxa yokushisa.

Uwoyela nawo ngeke usize ekukhuphuleni ukucindezelwa uma ungekho ngenxa yepiston eshile noma eqhume ngenxa yokuqhunyiswa - izimpawu zizofana nalapho i-valve isha. Ungahlola ubuqotho be-piston ngokungakhethi nge-endoscope noma ngokuyizwa ngenduku ende encane ngokusebenzisa ikhandlela kahle.

Ungakwazi yini ukushayela ngama-valve ashile?

Kulabo, ngezimpawu, banqume ukuthi imoto yabo inezinkinga ngama-valve, futhi inesithakazelo: kungenzeka yini ukushayela uma i-valve isha? - impendulo ngokushesha: ayithandeki kakhulu, lokhu kungaholela ezindlekweni ezengeziwe. Uma i-valve ishile ngempela, imiphumela ingaba yingozi kunjini:

• izingcezu ze-valve ewayo zilimaza i-piston nekhanda le-cylinder, susa izindonga ze-cylinder, uphule izindandatho;
• lapho i-valve yokungenisa ivutha, ingxube yamafutha omoya egqekeza isamukeli sokungenisa ingavutha lapho futhi iyiphule (ikakhulukazi kuma-plastic receptor);
• ingxube evuthayo, egqekeza i-valve evuzayo, iholela ekushiseni kwe-manifold, ipayipi yokukhipha, i-gasket, okuholela ekushiseni kwezingxenye zokukhipha;
• ingxube engakwazi ukushisa ngokujwayelekile ku-cylinder ishisa ekuphumeni, ilimaza i-catalyst, inzwa ye-oxygen;
• ngenxa yokushisa okuqhubekayo kwendawo, ikhanda le-cylinder lingase liholele, okuzodinga ukugaya kwalo ngesikhathi sokulungiswa noma ngisho nokushintshwa.

Ungawagwema kanjani ama-valve ashile

• Lawula ikhwalithi yokwakheka kwengxube ngokuhlola amakhandlela ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze uthole amadiphozithi ekhabhoni. Uma imhlophe, ingxube impofu futhi idinga ukulungiswa.
• Qaphela izikhawu zokushintsha ama-spark plug ashiwo emithethweni yemoto yakho.
• lapho ushayela ngegesi, nciphisa isikhawu sokulinganisa ukuvuleka kwamavalvu. Zihlole njalo ngezinkulungwane eziyi-10 km (ekushintsheni ngakunye kwamafutha) futhi, uma kunesidingo, lungisa.
• Faka uphethiloli ngesilinganiso se-octane esinconywa ngumkhiqizi.
• lapho ushayela ngegesi, sebenzisa okuhlukile kwe-UOZ noma i-firmware enemodi ekabili ye-ECU kaphethiloli wegesi.
• Shintsha uwoyela ngesikhathi, usebenzisa imikhiqizo enokubekezelelana okunconywe umenzi wemoto.
• Shintsha i-antifreeze njalo eminyakeni emi-3 noma ngemuva kwe-40-50 km eyizinkulungwane, ukuze uvimbele ukuwohloka kwezakhiwo zayo, qapha izinga layo ku-tank kanye nezinga lokushisa lapho ushayela.
• Uma isaziso esithi "Hlola Injini" sivela kuphaneli yezinsimbi, xilonga injini usebenzisa i-OBD-2 ukuze uxazulule inkinga ngokushesha.

Ngokunamathela kulezi zincomo, uzokwandisa impilo yemoto, ngoba kulula futhi kushibhile ukuvimbela ukutubeka kwama-valve enjini yomlilo yangaphakathi kunokuwashintsha. Endabeni ye-VAZ, kunethuba lokuthenga ikhanda "bukhoma" ngokungabizi ekuhlakazeni, kodwa ngisho nengxenye esetshenzisiwe yezimoto zangaphandle ingashaya isikhwama sakho semali.