Kungani kuzwakala umsindo oqhephukayo uma uqalisa injini emakhazeni
Okuqukethwe
Isici sokubukeka kwemisindo engaphandle lapho injini iqala, ezimweni eziningi ukungatholakali kwenjini yokusebenza okujwayelekile ngokwezimo ezishisayo, ukuba khona kwe-lubricant ye-viscosity edingekayo kumayunithi alayishiwe, kanye nokwehluleka kwemishini. ama-hydraulics ukufinyelela ingcindezi yokusebenza.
Kodwa inkinga iwukuthi iyunithi yamandla esebenzayo, ngisho nokusebenza ngokuzwakalayo kunokujwayelekile, kuze kube sekupheleni kokufudumala, akufanele yenze imisindo ephezulu ephazamisa umnikazi ngendlela yokungqongqoza, ukugoqa nokukhala.
Ukubukeka kwabo, naphezu kokunyamalala okulandelayo, kubonisa ukuqala kokuqhubeka kokungasebenzi kahle okusongela ukwehluleka okuphelele.
Yini engadala ukuhlengezela nokukhala uma uqala imoto
Kunemithombo yomsindo eminingi njengoba kunezingxenye zemishini enjinini nasezinamathiselwe. Ngakho-ke, kunengqondo ukuhlukanisa inani elikhulu, elivame ukubonakaliswa.
Isiqalo
Ukudlulisa i-torque kusuka ku-motor kagesi kuya ku-crankshaft, i-retractor relay kumele isebenze ku-starter, khona-ke amabhulashi kufanele adlulisele okwamanje kumqoqi, futhi i-freewheel (bendix) negiya layo lokushayela kufanele ihlanganyele nomqhele we-flywheel.
Ngakho-ke izinkinga ezingenzeka:
- ku-voltage ephansi yenethiwekhi esebhodini (ibhethri elilahliwe) noma amatheminali ezintambo ezine-oxidized, i-solenoid relay icushiwe futhi ikhululwe ngokushesha, inqubo yenzeka ngomjikelezo futhi izibonakalise ngendlela yokuqhekeka;
- i-bendix ingashelela, ibangele ukuhlengezela ku-clutch yayo;
- okokufaka okugqokiwe kwamagiya e-bendix futhi umqhele ngeke unikeze ukuzibandakanya okuqinisekayo, okwenza ukuqhuma okukhulu;
- imisindo enjenge-rattle izokhiqizwa injini kagesi eqala ukugqokwa kanye nebhokisi layo leplanethi.
Ukuxazulula inkinga kuncike endaweni yayo. Icala elivame kakhulu ukwehla kwe-voltage, udinga ukuhlola ibhethri nokuthembeka kwabo bonke othintana nabo.
Amandla wokuqondisa
Ipompo yokuqondisa amandla kumele idale ukucindezela okukhulu, kuye ngokuthi i-viscosity yoketshezi olusebenzayo kanye nesimo sezingxenye esimweni esibandayo. Ukugqoka nokudlala kuzoholela ekugayeni.
Isici esiwuphawu kuzoba ukwanda komsindo uma uzama ukucisha isiteringi. Kuzoba nomthwalo owengeziwe epompo, okuzokwengeza ivolumu futhi kushintshe isimo somsindo.
Izibhebhe
Zonke izingxenye ezijikelezayo zokunamathiselwe zigijima kuma-bearings, okuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi athuthukise ukuthambisa futhi aqale ukuphuka.
Njengoba ifudumala, amazinga okujikeleza ayancipha futhi umsindo ungase unyamalale. Kodwa ukubonakala kwayo ekuqaleni kubonisa ukuhluleka kokukhathala, ukuqhekeka kwezihlukanisi kanye nokukhululwa kwezinsalela zokugcoba.
Uma uqaqa i-bearing enjalo, ungabona ukuvuleka okukhulayo, iminonjana yomgodi kanye nokungcola okugqwalile esikhundleni samafutha. Ama-bearings noma ama-assemblies ashintshwa, isibonelo, ipompo noma ama-roller.
Amabhande ama-alternator kanye nesistimu yesikhathi
Ibhande elisizayo lilayisha amarola aqondisayo kanye nepulley yejeneretha ngokushuba kwayo. Ukuqina kokuqina, ama-bearings azoguga ngokushesha, kanye nebhande ngokwalo. Idrayivu izosebenza ngama-jerks aphezulu, okuzozibonakalisa ngokwawo ngokuzwakalayo kunamandla, izinga lokushisa eliphansi.
I-tension kanye ne-guide rollers, ibhande, ama-bearings we-rotor ye-generator, i-clutch yayo ehamba phambili ingaphansi kokushintshwa. Uma wenza ukunakekelwa ohlelweni oluhleliwe futhi ufaka izingxenye zekhwalithi ephezulu, lesi sizathu asifakwa.
Emishinini eminingi, ama-camshaft aqhutshwa ibhande elinamazinyo. Ithembekile kakhulu, kodwa ukuqina kulinganiselwe.
Ukushintshwa okuhleliwe kwesethi yebhande, ama-roller kanye nepompo kunconywa cishe kanye njalo ngamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-60. Akufanelekile ukuthembela abakhiqizi abathembisa i-mileage yezinkulungwane ezingu-120 noma ngaphezulu, lokhu akunakwenzeka, kodwa ibhande eliphukile lizoholela ekulungiseni okukhulu kwemoto.
Izingxenye zomshini we-valve nazo zingaba umthombo wokungqongqoza. Izishifu zesigaba se-camshaft ziyaguga, ama-valve okushisa aphumayo ayacima noma izinxephezelo ze-hydraulic azibambi ukucindezela lapho zifakwe khona.
Okuningi kuncike kwikhwalithi yamafutha kanye nokushintshwa kwawo okufika ngesikhathi. Hhayi 15-20 amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane, njengoba imiyalelo ithi, kodwa 7,5, esiphezulu 10 ayizinkulungwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uwoyela uwohloka kakhulu, futhi isihlungi sivaleka ngemikhiqizo yokugqoka.
I-chain tensioner
Ezinjinini zanamuhla, abakhiqizi balwela ukunciphisa inani lokunakekelwa, ngakho-ke ama-chain chain drives afakwe ama-hydraulic tensioners. Le mikhiqizo ngokwayo ayithembeki ngokuphelele, ngaphandle kwalokho, njengoba iketango liguga (ayeluli, njengoba abantu abaningi becabanga, kodwa liyaguga), ukunikezwa komlawuli kuphelile.
Iketango elibuthakathaka liqala ukungqongqoza, liphula yonke indawo ezungezile, ama-tensioners, ama-dampers, ama-casings kanye ne-compensator ye-hydraulic ngokwayo. Ukushintsha ikhithi kuyadingeka ngokushesha, yonke idrayivu izophuka ngokushesha, futhi injini izodinga ukulungiswa okukhulu.
Indlela yokunquma indawo ye-cod enjinini
Ekuxilongweni, kunezimo ezivamile lapho inkosi, ngokwemvelo yomsindo kanye nezikhathi zokubonakaliswa kwayo, ingasho ngokuzethemba ukuthi yini edinga ukulungiswa. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi udinga ukulalela eduze kakhudlwana injini. Kusetshenziswa ama-acoustic kanye ne-electronic stethoscopes.
Ukucaciswa kwe-valve kuzwakala ngokucacile kusukela ohlangothini lwekhava eliphezulu. Lawa ama-sonorous knocks ane-frequency engezansi kwesivinini sokujikeleza kwe-crankshaft. Iziphakamisi ezisebenzisa amanzi ngokuvamile ziqala ukungqongqoza ekuqaleni, kancane kancane ziyama njengoba zigcwalisa amafutha afudumalayo. Ukungqongqoza kwama-camshaft emibhedeni yabo kuyadlondlobala.
Ukushayela isikhathi kuzwakala lapho kuhlolwa ikhava yangaphambili yenjini. Ukuqala kokugqoka kwe-roller kubonakala ngendlela yokukhala nokushaya ikhwela, ngemva kokunganaki isidingo sokushintshwa, kuphenduka i-rattle, bese bebhujiswa ngokuphelele ngemiphumela eyinhlekelele.
Ama-attachment bearings kulula ukuwahlola ngemva kokukhipha ibhande. Bazungeza ngesandla ngama-rolls abonakalayo amabhola akhubazekile, enza umsindo ogoqayo ngisho nangaphandle komthwalo, futhi empompini igebe lizokhula kangangokuthi ngeke lisabamba uketshezi ngebhokisi lalo lokugxusha, ama-drip azoholela ekukhukhuleni kwezingxenye ze-antifreeze.
Amabhande akufanele aqhekezwe, acwecwe noma adatshulwe. Kodwa ziyashintsha ngokuvumelana nemithetho, ngisho noma zibukeka ziphelele. Ukulimala kwangaphakathi kuzoholela ekhefu elisheshayo.
Imiphumela
Ubukhulu bemiphumela buncike enjinini ethile. Ngokwesakhiwo, bangakwazi ukumelana nokuwohloka kwezingxenye ngazinye, kodwa kunoma yikuphi, lokhu kuzosho ukudonsa noma iloli lokudonsa.
Uma idrayivu yepompo yehluleka, injini izoshisa kakhulu ngokushesha ngaphansi komthwalo futhi ithole amaphuzu noma isiqephu seqembu le-piston. Lokhu kuwushintsho olukhulu, intengo yalo eqhathaniswa nezindleko zemoto yenkontileka.
Ngokusho kwezinkinga nge-timing drive, ama-motor ngokuvamile ahlukaniswa abe yi-plug-in ne-plug-in.
- Okokuqala, uma ukuvumelanisa kwama-camshafts kwehluleka, umhlangano wama-valve nama-pistons awunakugwemeka, ngemva kwalokho kuzodingeka ususe futhi ulungise ikhanda le-block.
- Eyesibili izomane ime, yonke into izokhawulelwa ekushintsheni idrayivu yesikhathi.
Kodwa injini yesimanje cishe ayivikelekile kumhlangano onjalo. Umnotho udinga isilinganiso esiphezulu sokucindezela, akukho ndawo ye-valve enamathele ekamelweni elivuthayo.
Ngakho-ke ukubaluleka kokulungiswa okufika ngesikhathi ngokushintshwa okungenamibandela kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo - amabhande, ama-roller, amaketanga kanye nama-automatic tensioners.
