Kungani imoto imile ekuhambeni, bese iqala futhi iqhubeke

Uma imoto igxilile ekuhambeni, bese iqala, khona-ke ukungasebenzi kahle kwesistimu yokushisa kuhlotshaniswa nokuxhumana okungalungile, okunyamalala ngezikhathi ezithile, kuyilapho zonke izici eziyinhloko zesistimu zisebenza. Ukuze uhlole uhlelo lokuthungela, ngokushesha ngemva kokumisa injini ngokuzenzekelayo, zama ukuyiqala imizuzwana engu-20-30, bese uqala injini njengokujwayelekile.

Noma yimuphi umshayeli onolwazi uke wabhekana nesimo lapho imoto ihamba khona, bese iqala, ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu akuzange kwenzeke ngemoto yakhe. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi wonke umnikazi wemoto aqonde ukuthi kungani lokhu kwenzeka nokuthi yini okufanele ayenze esimweni esinjalo.

Isebenza kanjani injini nesistimu kaphethiloli

Ukuze uqonde ukuziphatha okunjalo okungavamile kwemoto, udinga ukuqonda ukuthi isebenza kanjani imoto yayo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi hlobo luni lukaphethiloli, isimiso sokusebenza kweyunithi yamandla sihlala sifana - ingxube ye-air-fuel ivutha kumasilinda, idala ukucindezela okukhulu ngenxa yokukhululwa kwemikhiqizo evuthayo. Lokhu kucindezela okwandayo kuphusha i-piston ibheke ku-crankshaft, okubangela ukuthi leli lakamuva lijike liye lapho elifuna khona. Ukusebenza okungaguquki kwawo wonke amasilinda, kanye nesisindo esisindayo se-crankshaft ne-flywheel, kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwemoto. Lezi zinkinga sizihlaziye kabanzi lapha (imoto itholakala ngokungenzi lutho nangesivinini esiphansi).

Izimbangela eziyinhloko zokuhluleka kwenjini ngenkathi ushayela

Imoto yemoto iyiyunithi eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ukusebenza kwayo okuhlinzekwa yizinhlelo namadivayisi ahlukahlukene, ngakho-ke, imbangela yokumisa okuzenzakalelayo cishe njalo ukwehluleka noma ukungasebenzi kahle kwemishini eyengeziwe. Phela, kunzima kakhulu ukulimaza izingxenye zenjini ngokwayo, futhi uma lokhu kwenzeka, umsebenzi wayo uphazamiseka kakhulu.

Ngakho-ke, isizathu esenza imoto izitebele ohambweni ukusebenza okungalungile kwemishini eyengeziwe noma iphutha lomshayeli.

Uphelile uphethiloli

Umshayeli onolwazi noma ngisho nomshayeli onomthwalo wemfanelo uhlala eqapha izinga likaphethiloli ethangini, ngakho-ke uphethiloli ungaphela kuphela ngenxa ye-force majeure, okungukuthi, izimo ze-force majeure. Isibonelo nje, njengoba engene esiminyaminya ebusika ngenxa yengozi emgwaqeni omkhulu, umshayeli uzophoqeleka ukuthi ashise ingaphakathi ngenxa yokusebenza kwenjini. Uma isizathu sokumisa ukunyakaza sisuswa ngokushesha, khona-ke kuyoba khona uphethiloli owanele ukuze ufike esiteshini segesi esiseduze. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni lapho, ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene, akunakwenzeka ukususa ngokushesha umgwaqo, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kuzokwanda kakhulu futhi kungase kungabi ngokwanele ngaphambi kokugcwalisa i-refueling.

Inkomba yamafutha emotweni

Abashayeli abangenalwazi bavame ukukhohlwa ukulawula inani likaphethiloli emotweni, ngakho igcina isendaweni ebingalindelekile. Kuhle uma lokhu kwenzeka eduze kwegalaji likaphethiloli noma umgwaqo omkhulu ophithizelayo, lapho ungacela khona usizo kwabanye abasebenzisi bomgwaqo. Kubi kakhulu uma uphethiloli noma omunye uphethiloli uphela kude nezindawo ezihlala abantu.

Okuwukuphela kwenzuzo yalesi sizathu ukuthi ngemva kokugcwalisa uphethiloli kwanele ukupompa isistimu kaphethiloli (ezimotweni zesimanje le nqubo i-automated, kodwa kwabadala kufanele ukupompa uphethiloli ngesandla) futhi ungaqhubeka nokushayela.

Ukuze ugweme izimo lapho imoto ihamba khona ngenxa yokuntuleka kukaphethiloli, phatha uphethiloli noma udizili nawe, khona-ke ungakwazi ukugcwalisa imoto ngokwakho futhi uqhubeke nendlela yakho.

Iphampu yesibaseli iphukile

Iphampu yamafutha inikeza uphethiloli ku-carburetor noma ama-injection, ngakho-ke uma ihluleka, injini iyama. Kunezinhlobo ezi-2 zamaphampu anjalo:

• i-mechanical;
• kagesi.

I-carburetor efakwe ngomshini kanye nezimoto zikadizili eseziphelelwe yisikhathi kakhulu, futhi kweyokuqala yasebenza isuka ku-camshaft yekhanda lesilinda (ikhanda le-cylinder), kanti kowesibili isuka kudrayivu ehlukile exhuma iyunithi ku-crankshaft pulley. Ngenxa yomehluko ekuklanyweni, izizathu zokwehluleka nazo zazihlukile.

Umdwebo wokusebenza kwephampu yamafutha

Kumaphampu enjini ye-carburetor, izimbangela ezivame kakhulu zokwehluleka kweyunithi kwakuyizi:

• i-valve yokuhlola enamathela;
• ulwelwesi olulimele;
• isitokwe esigugile.

Kumaphampu enjini kadizili, izimbangela ezivame kakhulu zokwehluleka kube yilezi:

• i-plunger pair egugile;
• ibhande eleluliwe noma eliphukile.

Kumaphampu kagesi kagesi, izimbangela ezivame kakhulu zokumisa yilezi:

• othintana nabo abane-oxidized noma abangcolile;
• izinkinga zezintambo noma zokudlulisa;
• ukuphenduka okulimele.

Emkhakheni, kunzima kakhulu ukucacisa imbangela yokwehluleka kwalolu phiko, kodwa kunezibonakaliso eziningana ezibonisa amaphutha athile. Uma imoto efakwe injini yomjovo izitebele ekuhambeni, bese iqala futhi iqhubeke, khona-ke kungenzeka ukuthi isizathu singcolile / oxidized othintana nabo, kanye nezintambo noma ama-relay, ngenxa yokuthi ipompo ayitholi njalo i-voltage eyanele. namanje ukusebenza. Uma imoto ifakwe carburetor injini izitebele zamahhashi futhi ingagcini isivinini, kodwa carburetor ncamashi ukuhleleka okuhle, ungakwazi ukunquma inkinga ngosizo dipstick uwoyela - uma iphunga uphethiloli, ulwelwesi siklebhukile, uma kungenjalo, khona-ke isiqu sigugile noma i-valve iyacwila.

Ipompo kaphethiloli enephutha

Noma yikuphi ukungasebenzi kahle kwepompo likaphethiloli ezimotweni ezinomjovo noma izinjini zikadizili kusho ukungenzeki okuphelele kokuqhubekela phambili, noma kunjalo, abanikazi bezimoto ze-carburetor bangaqhubeka nohambo ngaphandle kokushintsha iyunithi. Lokhu kuzodinga isitsha esincane esimelana nowoyela kanye nepayipi likaphethiloli. Uma ungumnikazi wemoto ye-carburetor futhi uzithola usesimweni esinjalo, qhubeka kanje:

• thela uphethiloli ethangini ungene esitsheni esimelana nowoyela;
• uyifake ukuze iphakame kancane kune-carburetor;
• nqamula ipayipi lokunikezela empompo bese uxhuma kulesi sitsha;
• nqamula ipayipi lokubuyisela epayipini bese ulixhuma ngebhawodi noma nganoma iyiphi enye indlela elula nethembekile.

Ukugcwaliswa ngakunye kwethangi ngophethiloli ovela ethangini kuzokuvumela ukuthi ushayele amakhulu amaningana amamitha noma amakhilomitha, kuye ngevolumu yesitsha. Le ndlela yokunyakaza ayihambisani, kodwa ungafika esitolo sezimoto esiseduze noma isevisi yemoto uwedwa.

Isihlungi sikaphethiloli esivalekile noma ulayini kaphethiloli ocijile

Uma, ngenkathi ushayela ukhuphuka noma uthutha imithwalo, isivinini sehla futhi imoto yezimoto, bese iqala futhi iqhubeke ngaphandle kwezinkinga isikhathi esithile, khona-ke isizathu cishe siyisihlungi esivalekile noma umugqa ocinyiwe. Ezimotweni ze-carbureted nezindala zokujova, lo mphumela kulula ukuwuqeda, ngoba isihlungi sitholakala endaweni yenjini noma ngaphansi, futhi ukushintshwa kwazo kuzodinga i-screwdriver noma i-wrenches.

Ukuze ushintshe isihlungi emotweni nge-carburetor, qhubeka kanje:

• qaqa izinsimbi ezinhlangothini zombili zengxenye enesici;
• khumbula isiqondiso somcibisholo obonisa ukunyakaza okulungile kwephethiloli;
• susa ama-hoses ezihlokweni zengxenye;
• faka isihlungi esisha;
• qalisa iphampu yamafutha ukuze ugcwalise isihlungi kanye ne-carburetor.

Isihlungi sikaphethiloli esivalekile

Ukushintsha ingxenye yesihlungi emshinini womjovo, qhubeka kanje:

• faka imoto ku-neutral kanye ne-handbrake;
• nqamula amatheminali empompi kaphethiloli;
• qala injini;
• linda kuze kube yilapho i-stalk, isisebenzile wonke uphethiloli, lokhu kuyadingeka ukunciphisa ingcindezi kulayini kanye nomzila wesitimela;
• phakamisa ingemuva lemoto nge-jack (lokhu kudingekile kuphela uma isihlungi singaphansi phansi);
• lungisa umzimba ngezisekelo, uma zingekho, susa isondo ohlangothini oluphakanyisiwe, futhi ususe isondo eliyisipele esiqwini bese ulibeka ngaphansi komzimba, uma ngesizathu esithile lingekho isondo eliyisipele, bese ufaka isondo elingemuva. ngaphansi kwe-brake disc noma isigubhu;
• beka umata;
• ngena ngaphansi kwemoto;
• khulula amantongomane okuhlunga ngama-wrenches, uma elungiswe ngama-clamps, bese uwakhulula nge-screwdriver;
• khipha isihlungi esidala bese ufaka isihlungi esisha;
• qinisa amantongomane noma ama-clamps;
• faka kabusha isondo;
• akhiphe imoto kujeke.

Khumbula: isihlungi siyavaleka kancane kancane. Ngakho-ke, ngemva kokuthola izimpawu zokuqala noma ekufinyeleleni mileage okuhleliwe (5-15 ayizinkulungwane km, kuye ngokuthi izinga uphethiloli kanye nesimo ithangi), esikhundleni salo egalaji noma uxhumane nesevisi yemoto.

Ulayini wokuphakelwa kwamafutha

Uma ukubuyisela isihlungi akuzange kusize, imoto isalokhu iqhubekela phambili futhi ngemva kwesikhashana iqala, khona-ke ulayini wokuphakela uphethiloli (ithusi, i-aluminium noma ishubhu lensimbi elidlula ngaphansi kwemoto) lizolimala kakhulu. Uma unomgodi noma uphakamise, kanye nentambo yokwandisa ngesibani esikhanyayo, khona-ke ungathola ithubhu eyonakele ngokwakho. Uma ungenayo le mishini, kanye nokushintsha ulayini, xhumana nesevisi yemoto.

Khumbula, imbangela enkulu yokulimala kwelayini likaphethiloli ukushayela ngesivinini endaweni embi, lapho okungaphansi kwemoto kungashayisa khona itshe elikhulu. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, hlola imoto, ngisho noma zingekho izimpawu zokuguqulwa komugqa.

Izintambo ezinephutha

Inkinga enjalo izibonakalisa kanjena - imoto ivele icime ngokuphelele futhi ayiphenduli kunoma yiziphi izenzo, kuhlanganise nokuvula ukhiye wokushisa noma ukuphatha i-fob yokhiye we-alamu, ngisho nephaneli yensimbi ayikhanyi. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, umshini uvele uphile wodwa futhi usebenze ngokujwayelekile kuze kube yilapho uvala shaqa olandelayo. Uma lokhu kwenzeka kuwe, kufanele wazi ukuthi iphutha elifihliwe livele kuzintambo zikagesi zemoto, ezibonakala kuphela ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile okungenzeka ukuthi awukwazi.

Ugesi wemoto

Emishinini ye-carburetor, i-wiring yayilula, futhi iqukethe ubuncane bamabhulokhi nezinhlelo, noma kunjalo, ukubonakala kwezinjini zomjovo kanye nesisekelo sesici esisha kwaholela enkingeni eqinile yengxenye kagesi yemoto. Kwavela izinhlelo ezintsha, futhi ezikhona zaqala ukwenza imisebenzi engavamile ngaphambili. Into eyodwa ehlanganisa zonke lezi zinhlelo - zinikwa amandla yibhethri (ibhethri) kanye nejeneretha. Nawa amaphutha ajwayelekile ezintambo adala ukuthi imoto ime lapho ihamba bese iqala:

• "umhlaba" omubi;
• ukuthintana kabi kwamatheminali ngemilenze yebhethri;
• i-positive wire ilimele;
• iqembu lokuxhumana le-switch yokuthungela lonakele;
• i-voltage yokushaja ayinikeziwe kusuka ku-generator;
• abathintwayo be-mounting block noma iyunithi yokulawula injini ye-elekthronikhi (ECU) bonakele.

Zonke lezi zici zinento eyodwa efanayo - zivela ngokungalindelekile, bese ziyanyamalala. Lokhu kubangelwa ukuthi ngisho nokuxhumana kwe-oxidized terminal noma i-cable core ephukile idlulisa ugesi, kodwa uma izimo ezithile ziphakama, ukuqhutshwa kwawo kuyaphazamiseka, futhi akukho sistimu yemoto eyodwa engasebenza ngaphandle kukagesi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimo esiholela ekubukeni kwenkinga enjalo singaba yinoma yini ukusuka ekushiseni okuthile kuya ekudlidlizeni noma ukwanda kwamandla kagesi.

Ukuthola inkinga kudinga ulwazi olujulile emkhakheni we-auto electrics kanye nesipiliyoni esibanzi ekwenzeni umsebenzi onjalo, kanye nemishini ehlukahlukene, ngakho-ke sincoma ukuthi uthintane ngokushesha nesitolo esihle sokulungisa izimoto lapho kukhona ugesi onolwazi kanye nokuxilongwa.

Itheminali yebhethri

Okuhlukile ukuxhumana okunamathelayo okungalungile nemilenze yebhethri, kulokhu kwanele ukuqinisa amantongomane, kodwa uma imilenze imbozwe ngengubo emhlophe, bese uhlanza bonke othintana nabo nge-sandpaper.

Isistimu yokubasa enesici

Naphezu kokuthi uhlelo lokuthungela luyingxenye yemishini kagesi yemoto, "umbuso" ohlukile, ngoba wondliwe ngezintambo hhayi kuphela (12 volts) noma isignali, kodwa futhi ephakeme (amashumi kilovolts) voltage. . Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi simiso sisebenzisa amandla amancane kakhulu kunesiqalisi noma izibani, futhi siyakwazi ukusebenza ngisho nalapho i-generator ingasebenzi futhi ibhethri selicishe lafa.

Isistimu yokushisa imoto

Umgomo wokusebenza kwesistimu yokuthungela yomjovo kanye nemishini ye-carburetor iyafana - esignali yenzwa (kungakhathaliseki ukuthi hlobo luni), kukhiqizwa i-voltage ephansi ye-voltage, enikezwa ngezintambo ku-coil yokuthungela. Ngemva kokudlula ikhoyili, i-voltage ye-pulse ikhuphuka izikhathi ezingamakhulu ngokwehla okufanayo kwamanje, bese kuthi, ngezintambo ezinamandla kagesi, le shayela ifike ku-spark plug bese ibhodloza ungqimba oluncane lomoya phakathi kwama-electrode, yakhe inhlansi. Izimoto ze-diesel zinqatshelwe lesi simiso, ngoba uphethiloli ophakathi kwazo ushisa umoya oshisayo ngenxa yokucindezela okukhulu.

Uma imoto igxilile ekuhambeni, bese iqala, khona-ke ukungasebenzi kahle kwesistimu yokushisa kuhlotshaniswa nokuxhumana okungalungile, okunyamalala ngezikhathi ezithile, kuyilapho zonke izici eziyinhloko zesistimu zisebenza. Ukuze uhlole uhlelo lokuthungela, ngokushesha ngemva kokumisa injini ngokuzenzekelayo, zama ukuyiqala imizuzwana engu-20-30, bese uqala injini njengokujwayelekile. Ngisho noma iqala, cisha ngokushesha futhi uvule amakhandlela - uma okungenani elilodwa limanzi, inkinga nakanjani ohlelweni lokushisa.

Yomisa i-spark plug ngomoya ocindezelweyo, noma ubeke entsha, bese uyigoqa enjinini bese uqala injini, bese uyivala ngemva komzuzu. Uma wonke ama-spark plugs omile, khona-ke ukukhubazeka okungazelelwe ohlelweni lokushisa kuyaqinisekiswa.

Spark plug

Ukuze uthole isizathu salokhu kuziphatha kwesistimu yokushisa, hlola ngokucophelela zonke izintambo kanye noxhumana nabo abahlobene nayo, mhlawumbe ucingo oluthile luphukile futhi, ngezikhathi ezithile, luyeka ukudlulisa ugesi. Kuyenzeka futhi ukuba i-short-circuit ingenalutho (ene-insulation egugile noma eyonakele) phansi noma ezinye izintambo. Ngezinye izikhathi, imbangela yesici esinjalo i-terminal ene-oxidized noma engcolile, engadluli kahle amandla kagesi, ngakho-ke susa ukungcola noma ukugqwala kubo nganoma yisiphi isihlanzi sokuxhumana.

Uma kwakungenakwenzeka ukulungisa inkinga ngokwakho, imoto isalokhu ihamba, bese iqala futhi iqhube, futhi izizathu zalokhu kuziphatha azikasungulwa, thintana nomshini kagesi wezimoto ukuze uhlole ngokugcwele uhlelo lokushisa.

Isistimu yokulungisa ingxube ye-air-fuel ayisebenzi kahle

Ukusebenza kahle kwenjini kungenzeka kuphela lapho isilinganiso samafutha nomoya ongena kumasilinda sihambisana nemodi yokusebenza yeyunithi yamandla kanye nomthwalo kuwo. Lapho ukuchezuka kunamandla kusuka esilinganisweni esifanele, futhi kunoma iyiphi indawo, ukusebenza kwenjini kubi kakhulu, kuze kufike ku:

• umsebenzi ongazinzile;
• ukudlidliza okuqinile;
• Ima.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yini ebangela ingxube ye-air-fuel engalungile, umphumela uhlala ufana. Imoto ibamba ohambweni, bese iqala futhi iqhubeke, futhi isizathu - ukwakheka suboptimal ingxube, ngenxa yokuthi injini ayikhiqizi amandla alindelekile kanye nezitebele zamahhashi ngisho kusukela umthwalo kancane.

I-Carburetor

Ezinjini ze-carburetor, isilinganiso samafutha kanye nophethiloli engxubeni sincike kumajethi afakiwe, ngakho-ke ushintsho olukhulu kule parameter ngaphandle kokuhlakaza i-carburetor alunikezwa. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nasezimotweni ezinjalo, kunezimo lapho imoto ihamba futhi ingagcini isivinini, nakuba kungekho muntu oshintshile amajethi e-carburetor.

Isebenza kanjani i-carburetor

Nazi izizathu eziyinhloko zalokhu kuziphatha:

• ukuvuza komoya okungahlinzekwanga wumklamo;
• isihlungi somoya esingcolile;
• ukuvala i-jet;
• izinga lamafutha elingalungile ekamelweni lokuntanta.

Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu zokuvuza komoya yilezi:

• ukuguqulwa kwe-carburetor sole;
• ukukhulula amantongomane avikela i-carburetor;
• ukushisa kwe-carburetor gaskets;
• ukulimala kwepayipi, i-adaptha, ivalvu noma ulwelwesi lwe-vacuum brake booster (VUT).

Akunzima ukunquma ukuvuza komoya - okungazinzile, kuze kube sekupheleni, isivinini esingenzi lutho sikhuluma ngakho, okuyinto ngisho nangemva kokukhipha isibambo sokudonsa. Ukuqeda ukumunca, kwanele:

• buyisela i-carburetor gaskets (sincoma ukwenza lokhu noma ngabe amadala abukeka evamile);
• qinisa amantongomane ngamandla ashiwo kubhukwana (ngokuvamile ngu-1,3–1,6 kgf•m);
• buyisela i-hose eyonakele;
• ukulungisa VUT.

Ngokuvamile kunezizathu eziningana zokuvuza komoya ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngakho hlola ngokucophelela zonke izakhi zesistimu, noma ngabe usuthole okuthile.

Ukuze unqume isimo sesihlungi somoya, susa isembozo kuso futhi usihlole, uma singemhlophe noma siphuzi, sishintshe. Ukuze uhlole i-carburetor kwezinye ukungasebenzi kahle, kanye nokuziqeda, thintana nomzingeli onolwazi, uphethiloli noma i-carburetor.

Air isihlungi izindlu

Uzothola ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nokungasebenzi kahle kwezinjini ze-carburetor kanye nezizathu zokuthi kungani zivele zizinze lapha (kungani umshini we-carburetor ugcina).

Umjovo

Ukwakhiwa kwengxube enenani elifanele likaphethiloli nomoya kuncike ekusebenzeni kahle kwe:

• zonke izinzwa;
• ECU;
• iphampu yamafutha kanye ne-valve yokulawula ingcindezi yesitimela;
• indlela yokusabalalisa igesi;
• amasistimu okushisa;
• i-atomization esebenzayo kaphethiloli ngamabhomu.

Iningi lalezi zimoto linquma ngokuzimela ukusebenza okungalungile kwanoma iyiphi into noma uhlelo, ngemva kwalokho ukukhanya kwenkomba yokungasebenzi kahle, okubizwa ngokuthi "isheke" (kusuka "Injini Yokuhlola") yesiNgisi.

Inkomba yokungasebenzi kahle kwenjini

Kodwa-ke, ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa okunembile, udinga isithwebuli (ikhompyutha ephathekayo enezinhlelo ezifanele kanye nekhebula le-adaptha lifanelekile) kanye nesipiliyoni, ngakho-ke sincoma ukuthi uxhumane nochwepheshe bezokuxilongwa kwekhompyutha.

Ukulimala kwemishini enjinini

Ukulimala kwemishini noma ukungasebenzi kahle kweyunithi yamandla kufaka:

• ukususwa kwe-valve okungalungile;
• ibhande lesikhathi eligxumayo noma iketango lesikhathi;
• kokucindezelwa ongaphakeme.

Ukucaciswa kwe-valve okungalungile

Ngemva kokuqala injini, ama-valve, njengazo zonke ezinye izakhi zomshini wokusabalalisa igesi, ashisa kancane kancane, futhi njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, ubukhulu bawo bomzimba buyanda, okusho ukuthi ibanga phakathi kwe-tappet ye-valve nekhamera ye-camshaft liyancishiswa. . Igebe phakathi kwekhamera kanye ne-pusher libizwa ngokuthi i-valve clearance, futhi ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile kweyunithi yamandla, ubukhulu baleli gebe kufanele bugcinwe ngokunemba kwama-millimeter angamakhulu amahlanu.

Ukwanda kwayo kuzoholela ekuvulekeni okungaphelele kwama-valve, okungukuthi, ama-cylinders azogcwala umoya omncane noma ingxube, futhi ukuncipha kwawo kuzoholela ekuvaleni okungaphelele kwama-valve ngemva kokufudumala kwenjini. Kulesi simo, ukucindezelwa ngeke kuvele kuphela, kodwa ingxenye yengxube izoshisa ngaphakathi kwekhanda le-cylinder, okuzoholela ekushiseni ngokweqile kanye nokuwohloka okusheshayo kwenjini.

Ukucaciswa kwe-valve yenjini

Imvamisa, le nkinga ivela ezinjinini ezine-carbureted nezinjini zomjovo ezingenawo ama-hydraulic lifters. Izimpawu eziyinhloko zokukhishwa okungalungile yizi:

• ukwehla okuphawulekayo kwamandla enjini;
• Ukushisa okuqinile kweyunithi yamandla;
• ukungenzi kahle, kuze kube sekugcineni.

Ukunciphisa igebe ngenani eliyingozi akwenzeki ngokushesha (izinkulungwane ezimbalwa, noma ngisho namashumi ezinkulungwane zamakhilomitha), ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sokulungisa inkinga endleleni, kwanele ukuqapha umshini nokulungisa noma ukulungisa i-valve. indlela ngesikhathi.

Ukwanda okunamandla kwegebe kungenzeka kuphela ngenxa yokulungiswa okungalungile kwekhanda le-cylinder noma ukulungiswa komshini we-valve, ukuze kuqedwe iphutha elinjalo, thintana nanoma yimuphi u-minder onolwazi noma umakhenikha we-auto.

Ibhande lesikhathi eleqiwe noma iketango lesikhathi

Isikhathi sakhiwe ama-shaft amabili noma ngaphezulu (kuye ngokuthi uhlobo nomklamo wenjini), enye yawo (i-crankshaft) exhunywe ngezinduku zokuxhuma kuwo wonke ama-piston, kanti okunye (ukusabalalisa) kusebenze umshini we-valve. Ngenxa yamagiya nebhande noma iketango, ukuzungezisa kwawo wonke ama-shaft kuyavumelaniswa futhi ekuphendukeni okukodwa kwe-camshaft i-crankshaft yenza ama-revolution amabili ncamashi. Amakhamera e-Camshaft abekwe ukuze ama-valve avuleke futhi avale lapho ama-piston ahambisanayo efinyelela amaphuzu athile. Ngakho, umjikelezo wokusabalalisa igesi uyenziwa.

Uma ibhande / iketanga lingaqini kahle ngokwanele (kuhlanganise nokweluliwe), noma uwoyela ugijima ngaphansi kwezimpawu ze-shaft, lapho-ke igesi icindezelwa kakhulu noma injini ibhuleki ngokushesha, ingagxuma izinyo elilodwa noma ngaphezulu, okuzophazamisa lonke. umjikelezo wokusabalalisa igesi. Ngenxa yalokho, injini ilahlekelwa amandla ngendlela ephawulekayo, futhi ngokuvamile ihlale ingenzi lutho noma ijubane eliphansi. Omunye umphumela ongemnandi kakhulu wokugxuma ilitshe noma i-shaft kungaba ukugoba kwama-valve, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi avuleka ngesikhathi esingafanele futhi aphahlazeke kusilinda esikhuphukayo.

Ama-valve agobile

Uma ama-valve engagobile, khona-ke kwanele ukufaka kahle ibhande noma iketanga (inqobo nje uma zishintshiwe maduzane) noma zifakwe ezintsha, kanye nokuhlola futhi, uma kunesidingo, ukulungisa umhlangano wokucindezeleka. Ukuze ugweme ukugxuma:

• ukuqapha isimo sebhande neketanga, uziguqule kancane kancane kunalokho okudingwa yimithethonqubo;
• hlola futhi ulungise ngesikhathi uhlelo lokucindezeleka;
• hlola isimo sezimpawu zawo wonke ama-shafts bese uwashintsha noma ngabe kukhona ukuvuza okuncane.

Yenza lokhu kuhlola njalo lapho imoto yakho inesevisi, noma ngabe wukushintsha kukawoyela noma ukulungiswa okuhleliwe.

Ukucindezelwa okuphansi

Ukucindezela - okungukuthi, ukucindezela ekamelweni lokushisa lapho i-piston ifinyelela phezulu esikhungweni esifile - kuncike kumingcele eminingi, kodwa into eyinhloko yisimo senjini. Lapho ukucindezelwa kuphansi, ukusebenza kwe-motor kuya kubi kakhulu, kuze kufike ekusebenzeni okungazinzile noma ukuma okuzenzakalelayo. Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu zokucindezela okuncane yizi:

• ukushisa kwama-valve noma ama-piston;
• ukugqoka noma ukulimaza amasongo e-piston;
• ukwephulwa kwe-cylinder head gasket;
• ukukhulula amabhawodi ekhanda lesilinda.

I-Compressometer

Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokunquma ukucindezelwa okuphansi ukukukala nge-gauge yokucindezela, kanye namanani amancane avumelekile injini esasebenza ngawo ngokuvamile ancike ohlotsheni lukaphethiloli injini okufanele isebenze ngalo:

• I-AI-76 8 atm;
• I-AI-92 10 atm;
• I-AI-95 12 atm;
• I-AI-98 13 atm;
• diesel 25 atm.

Khumbula: lokhu kungumkhawulo ophansi wokucindezela, emva kwalokho ukusebenza okuzinzile kwemoto kuphazamiseka, kodwa ukuze kusebenze kahle iyunithi, izinkomba kufanele zibe ngamayunithi angu-2-5 ngaphezulu. Ukunquma imbangela yokucindezelwa okuphansi kudinga ulwazi olujulile nolwazi olubanzi, ngakho-ke sincoma ukuthi uxhumane nongqondongqondo noma umakhenikha onodumo oluhle lokuxilongwa.

Amaphutha omshayeli

Uma imoto isebenza ngokugcwele, kodwa imoto isalokhu igxilile ekuhambeni, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi injini ye-diesel noma ye-petroli, izizathu zihlale zihlobene nokuziphatha komshayeli. Ukusebenza kahle kwemoto yemoto ngokuyinhloko kuncike ejubaneni, ukusebenza kahle okukhulu kufinyelelwa phakathi kweziqongo ze-torque namandla (isilinganiso esingu-3,5-5 2 rpm kaphethiloli kanye nezinkulungwane ezingama-4-XNUMX zezinjini zikadizili). Uma imoto ikhuphuka, futhi ilayishe, futhi umshayeli ekhethe igiya elingalungile, ngenxa yokuthi ijubane liphansi kune-optimal, maningi amathuba okuthi injini izoma, ingakwazi ukumelana nomthwalo.

Isivinini senjini esilungile

Esinye isizathu ukusebenza okungalungile kwegesi kanye ne-clutch pedals ngesikhathi sokuqala kokunyakaza, uma umshayeli engacindezeli igesi ngokwanele, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ekhulula ngokuzumayo i-clutch, iyunithi yamandla izomisa.

Abanikazi bezimoto ezinanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-automatic transmission bayakhululeka kule nkinga, kodwa abakwazi ngokuzimela ukufaka igiya eliphansi ukusiza injini ngaphansi komthwalo osindayo. Phela umsebenzi we-kickdown kuma-transmissions amaningi awusebenzi kahle, futhi ithuba lokushintsha igiya elishintshwayo alitholakali kuwo wonke ama-automatic transmission, okungukuthi, u-gearbox ozishintshayo.

Indlela yokugwema izimo ezinjalo

Ukuze imoto ingalokothi ikuvumele phansi, khumbula umthetho oyinhloko - uma umshayeli eshayela imoto ngendlela efanele, imoto ibamba ohambweni ngenxa yohlobo oluthile lokungasebenzi kahle oluvele ngaphambili, kodwa ngenxa yezizathu ezithile azikabonakali okwamanje. Ngakho-ke, ungakunaki ukugcinwa kanye nesibonakaliso sokuqala sokungasebenzi kahle, thola ngokushesha futhi ulungise inkinga. Uma ungeke ukwazi ukuzitholela ngokwakho ukuthi kungani izimoto zemoto zihamba, xhumana nesevisi yemoto enedumela elihle, bazonquma ngokushesha imbangela futhi benze ukulungiswa okudingekayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, sincoma ukuthi ufunde ngokucophelela lezi zihloko ezilandelayo:

Funda futhi: Indlela yokubeka ipompo eyengeziwe esitofu semoto, kungani idingeka

• izitolo zemoto uma kushisa;
• Imoto iqala futhi ngokushesha izitebele lapho kubanda - kungaba yini izizathu;
• Kungani imoto inyakaza, i-troit kanye nezitolo - izimbangela ezivame kakhulu;
• Uma ucindezela i-pedal pedal, imoto ene-injector stalls - yiziphi izimbangela zenkinga.

Kuzo uzothola ulwazi oluningi oluwusizo nezincomo ezizokusiza ukuthi usebenzise imoto yakho ngendlela efanele futhi ngokuphepha.

isiphetho

Ukucisha kungazelelwe kwenjini yomshini ngenkathi ushayela kuyingozi enkulu futhi kungase kubangele ingozi. Ukuze ugweme ukuthuthukiswa okunjalo kwemicimbi, qapha ngokucophelela isimo sobuchwepheshe bemoto yakho futhi ufunde ukuyishayela ngendlela efanele. Uma inkinga isivele ivele, zama ukunquma ngokushesha imbangela yayo, bese wenza ukulungisa okudingekile.

Uma imile ngenkathi ushayela. Inkathazo encane kodwa ecasulayo