Kungani izimoto zikagesi zihamba kusuka kuma-12 kuye kuma-800 volts?

Cishe akekho ongabazayo ukuthi izimoto ezisebenza ngogesi maduze zizoba yimoto enkulu. Futhi omunye wemicimbi ebaluleke kakhulu kuzoba ukuguqulwa okukhulu kwezimoto ziye ohlelweni lwama-volt angama-800. Kungani lokhu kubaluleke ngempela futhi, empeleni, kungenakugwenywa?

Isizathu sokusebenzisa amandla aphezulu

Abantu abaningi namanje abaqondi ukuthi kungani abakhiqizi bezimoto kudingeke ukuthi bashintshe izimoto zikagesi zisuke kumjikelezo ojwayelekile ongu-12-volt ziye, zithi, ama-volts angu-24, kanti kwezinye izimo ngisho nangaphezulu, ziye endaweni yesikhulumi esingamakhulu amaningana ama-volts. Eqinisweni, kunezincazelo ezinengqondo zalokhu.

Yonke imoto kagesi egcwele ngempela ayinakucatshangwa ngaphandle kwe-voltage ephezulu. Izimoto eziningi ezisebenza ngogesi ngokugcwele zifakwe amabhethri ane-voltage yokusebenza engu-400 volts. Lokhu kufaka phakathi amamodeli we-trendsetter ngemfashini kagesi - i-American brand Tesla.

Ukuphakama kwamandla kagesi okusetshenziswa yimoto, kuzoba namandla ngokwengeziwe. Kanye namandla, ukusetshenziswa kwenkokhiso nakho kuyanda. Umbuthano ononya ophoqa abakhiqizi ukuthi bakhe amasistimu amasha kagesi.

Manje, kungaphikiswa ukuthi inkampani ka-Elon Musk izosuswa maduze e-Olympus yezimoto zikagesi. Futhi isizathu salokhu ukuthuthukiswa konjiniyela baseJalimane. Kodwa konke sekumi ngomumo.

Kungani izimoto zikagesi zisasetshenziswa kabanzi?

Okokuqala, ake siphendule umbuzo, siyini isithiyo esikhulu ekusetshenzisweni okukhulu kwezimoto zikagesi ngaphandle kwentengo yazo ephezulu? Akuyona nje ingqalasizinda yokushaja engathuthukisiwe kahle. Abathengi bakhathazekile ngezinto ezimbili: ithini ibanga lemoto kagesi ngecala elilodwa nokuthi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukushaja ibhethri. Kukule mingcele lapho ukhiye wezinhliziyo zabathengi ulele khona.

Yonke inethiwekhi kagesi yezimoto ezinobungani bemvelo ixhunywe kubhethri elinika amandla injini (eyodwa noma ngaphezulu). Inkokhelo yebhethri enquma amapharamitha ayisisekelo wemoto. Amandla kagesi alinganiswa ngama-watts futhi abalwa ngokuphindaphindeka kwamandla njengamanje. Ukukhulisa ukushaja kwebhethri lemoto kagesi, noma ukushaja okungakuthatha, udinga ukukhulisa i-voltage noma i-amperage.

Yini ukungalungi kwamandla aphezulu

Ukwanda kwamanje kuyinkinga: lokhu kuholela ekusetshenzisweni kwezintambo ezisindayo nezisindayo ngokufakwa okunamandla. Ngaphezu kwesisindo nobukhulu, izintambo eziphezulu zamandla zikhiqiza ukushisa okuningi.

Kunengqondo kakhulu ukwandisa amandla wokusebenza wohlelo. Lokhu kusinikezani ngokwenza? Ngokwandisa amandla kagesi asuka kuma-volts angama-400 kuye kwangama-800, ungawaphinda kabili amandla okusebenza noma wehlise usayizi webhethri ngesilinganiso ngenkathi ugcina ukusebenza kwemoto okufanayo. Ukulinganisela okuthile kungatholakala phakathi kwalezi zici.

Imodeli yokuqala yamandla aphezulu

Inkampani yokuqala ukushintshela epulatifomu engu-800-volt kwakuyiPorsche ngokwethulwa kohlobo lweTaycan kagesi. Manje singasho ngokuzethemba ukuthi amanye ama-premium brand maduze azojoyina inkampani yaseJalimane, bese kuba amamodeli amaningi. Ukushintshela kuma-volts angama-800 kwandisa amandla ngenkathi kusheshiswa ukushaja ngasikhathi sinye.

Amandla okusebenza aphezulu webhethri lePorsche Taycan avumela ukusetshenziswa kwamashaja angama-350 kW. Sele zakhiwe yi-Ionity futhi zifakwa ngenkuthalo kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Ubuqili ukuthi ngabo ungashaja ibhethri engu-800 volt liye ku-80% ngemizuzu eyi-15-20 nje. Lokhu kwanele ukushayela cishe 200-250 km. Ukwenza ngcono amabhethri kuzoholela ekutheni ngemuva kweminyaka emi-5 isikhathi sokushaja sizokwehliswa sibe yimizuzu eyi-10 engasho lutho, ngokusho kochwepheshe.

Isakhiwo se-800-volt kulindeleke ukuthi sibe indinganiso yezimoto eziningi zikagesi, okungenani engxenyeni yebhethri ye-Gran Turismo. I-Lamborghini isivele isebenza ngemodeli yayo, i-Ford nayo yabonisa eyodwa - i-Mustang Lithium ithole amandla angaphezu kuka-900 kanye ne-torque engu-1355 Nm. I-South Korean Kia ilungiselela imoto kagesi enamandla enezakhiwo ezifanayo. Le nkampani ikholelwa ukuthi imodeli esekelwe kumqondo we-Imagine izokwazi ukuncintisana ne-Porsche Taycan mayelana nokusebenza. Futhi ukusuka lapho ukuya engxenyeni yesisindo isigamu sesinyathelo.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Ingakanani impilo yebhethri yemoto kagesi? Isilinganiso sempilo yebhethri yemoto kagesi imijikelezo yokushaja/yokukhipha engu-1000-1500. Kodwa inkomba enembe kakhudlwana incike ohlotsheni lwebhethri.

Mangaki amavolthi emotweni kagesi? Ezimotweni eziningi zezimoto zikagesi zesimanje, i-voltage yokusebenza yamanye ama-node enethiwekhi ye-on-board yi-400-450 volts. Ngakho-ke, indinganiso yokushaja ibhethri ngu-500V.

Imaphi amabhethri asetshenziswa ezimotweni zikagesi? Izimoto zikagesi zesimanje zisebenzisa kakhulu amabhethri e-lithium-ion. Kungenzeka futhi ukufaka i-aluminium-ion, i-lithium-sulfur noma ibhethri yensimbi yomoya.