Kungani ubhema epayipini lokukhipha umoya lenjini kaphethiloli
Okuqukethwe
Ukumiswa kwepayipi lokukhipha umoya kunomthelela ekwehliseni umsindo. Uma kwakhiwa igesi exhaust ngenxa yesici senqubo yalesi simo, khona-ke ekuphumeni ngeke kube nemibala futhi ngeke kwenze umshayeli akhathazeke ngokungasebenzi kahle.
Ngokuthi ibhema kangakanani ipayipi yokukhipha, ungatshela okuningi mayelana nomsebenzi wesistimu yangaphakathi yemoto. Ukukhishwa okunamandla kubonisa ukuthuthukiswa kokungasebenzi kahle. Futhi inani elincane lomhwamuko wamanzi ngenkathi ebandayo liyinhlobonhlobo evamile. Kubashayeli abanolwazi, enye yezindlela zokuxilonga ezihambisana nayo wumbala wentuthu. Indlela yokunquma ukuthi kwenzekani ngaphakathi kwenjini ngezibonakaliso zangaphandle - ake sibheke izibonelo.
Intuthu ekhipha umoya ingakutshela ini?
Ipayipi le-exhaust liyingxenye ephoqelekile yesistimu eyenza injini yomlilo yangaphakathi. Eqinisweni, lesi sithulisi esihlinzeka ngokunciphisa izinga lomsindo elihambisana nokukhululwa kwamagesi noma umoya ovela kumadivayisi ahlukahlukene.
Isilinda senjini evuthayo yangaphakathi emotweni ikhipha amagesi e-exhaust ngenxa yokucindezela okukhiqizwa ngaphakathi. Lokhu kuholela ekwakhekeni komphumela womsindo onamandla osakazeka ngesivinini segagasi lomsindo.
Isho ukuthini intuthu ye-muffler?
Ukumiswa kwepayipi lokukhipha umoya kunomthelela ekwehliseni umsindo. Uma kwakhiwa igesi exhaust ngenxa yesici senqubo yalesi simo, khona-ke ekuphumeni ngeke kube nemibala futhi ngeke kwenze umshayeli akhathazeke ngokungasebenzi kahle.
Izinkinga ziqala lapho uhlelo lusebenza ngokumelene nesizinda sokuthuthukiswa kokuphulwa noma ukuvela kokukhubazeka. Kulokhu, ukukhishwa kuba mhlophe okugcwele, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma okunsundu nokumnyama.
Ingabe kufanele kube nentuthu evela ku-exhaust?
Intuthu evela ku-muffler, ngokusho kwabashayeli abaningi, ihlukile kwejwayelekile. Lokhu kuyiqiniso uma kuziwa ekukhishweni okuncane kwe-tint emhlophe yomhwamuko wamanzi. Ngobuchwepheshe, lesi simo sibonwa kuphela emazingeni okushisa aphansi, lapho umshini ungashisi kahle.
Ifu elincane lingase libe uphawu lomswakama owengeziwe ovamile wesistimu yokukhipha umoya ku-10°C noma ngaphansi. Ngokushesha lapho uhlelo lufudumala kahle, i-condensate ene-steam izonyamalala kancane kancane.
Unganquma kanjani ukuthi kungani kuphuma intuthu epayipini le-exhaust lenjini kaphethiloli
Ezinjinini zikaphethiloli ezivuthayo zangaphakathi, kunikezwa isistimu yokukhipha umoya. I-muffler ingenye yezinto ezibalulekile zesistimu, ngakho-ke imvelo nezakhiwo ze-emission zingatshela okuningi mayelana nokungasebenzi kahle nokulimala.
Isizathu somusi ophuma epayipini lokukhipha umoya sihlobene ngokuqondile nokusebenza kwenjini. Izici ezilandelayo zingaholela kulokhu:
- Ukwephulwa kwenqubo yokushiswa kukaphethiloli.
- Ukushiswa kukaphethiloli okungaphelele.
- Ukungena kwamafutha noma i-antifreeze kumasilinda.
Ngombala we-exhaust gas, umnikazi wemoto onolwazi angakwazi ukuxilonga futhi aphethe ngokuthi kufanele abheke kuphi ukungasebenzi kahle.
Izinhlobo zentuthu ezivela epayipini le-exhaust lenjini kaphethiloli
Uma ibhema kakhulu embhobho wokukhipha, ngakho-ke, okokuqala, udinga ukunaka umthunzi wokukhishwa. Lokhu kuzokutshela okuningi ngohlobo lwenkinga.
umusi omhlophe
Ukukhishwa komhwamuko omhlophe oguquguqukayo ovela ku-muffler ezingeni lokushisa elingaphansi kuka-10 °C kuvamile. I-condensation inqwabelana ohlelweni lwe-exhaust, ngakho lapho injini ifudumala esimweni sezulu esibandayo, ukukhululwa okunamandla komhwamuko wamanzi kuqala. Ukuhlolwa kwangaphandle kuzokusiza ukuthi uqinisekise okujwayelekile. Ngemva kokufudumala kwenjini, amaconsi amanzi ngokuvamile ahlala lapho kusikwa ipayipi lokukhipha umoya.
Intuthu ephuma epayipini lokukhipha umoya lenjini kaphethiloli enombala omhlophe oshubile ingahlala iqaphile lapho kufudumala ngaphandle.
Intuthu emakhazeni
Ukuqala injini ebandayo ngenye yezinkinga zabashayeli. Ngenkathi imoto imi ngaphandle emazingeni okushisa aphansi, ithwala imithwalo ethile. Uma ingafudunyezwa ngezikhathi ezithile, khona-ke izici ezibalulekile zesistimu ziqala ukuqhwaza kancane.
Ukubonakala kwentuthu ewugqinsi phakathi nesiqalo esibandayo kungase kubonise ukuba khona kokungasebenzi kahle okuncane:
- Izimpawu zamafutha eziqandisiwe.
- Ukuhoxiswa kwamasongo e-piston.
- Ukubonakala kokungasebenzi kahle ohlelweni lwezinzwa.
- Ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli wezinga eliphansi onokungcola.
Indlela yokubona ukungasebenzi kahle ngombala
Uma une injini esetshenziswe kahle, khona-ke isizathu singase sibe kuwoyela wenjini. Izinga le-viscosity yokubunjwa lithinta umsebenzi. Imikhiqizo ewuketshezi igelezela ezikhaleni ngaphambi kokuba injini ibe nesikhathi sokufudumala.
Intuthu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (ompunga).
Uma kunomusi omningi ovela kumbhobho wokukhipha, kodwa umusi umhlophe, khona-ke lokhu kungase kube ukuhluka kokusebenza okuvamile. Uma kuvela umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma ojulile, kuba sobala ukuthi izinqubo ezingathandeki zenzeka ngaphakathi komshini.
Intuthu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma empunga nayo ibizwa ngokuthi "inamafutha". Ngokusobala, ukukhululwa okunjalo kubangelwa ukungena kwamafutha enjini kumasilinda noma amapiston.
Kungase kube nezizathu ezimbalwa zalokhu:
- Ukugqokwa kwe-cylinder noma i-piston.
- Ama-rotor bearings agugile noma ama-seal.
Esinye isimo esivamile simayelana nokwehluleka komlilo kanye nokuvuza kwama-valve. Khona-ke enye yamasilinda iyacishwa, i-valve iyasha - intuthu iba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nomhlophe. Ukunquma iphutha le-cylinder kulula kakhulu. Ngaphakathi kwengxenye, ukucindezela akubalulekile, ikhandlela elihambisana nalo limbozwe nge-soot emnyama.
Intuthu emnyama
Ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwentuthu emnyama, izinhlayiya ze-soot zindiza ziphuma ku-muffler. Lokhu kuwuphawu oluqinisekile lokungasebenzi kahle ohlelweni lokuphakelwa kukaphethiloli. Kule nkinga, njengomthetho, izinkinga ezihambisana nazo zengezwa:
- I-motor ayiqali njalo, ayizinzile, ingase ime.
- Ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa komshini, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kukhula kakhulu.
- Amandla aphela ngaphakathi enjinini.
- I-exhaust gas inephunga elibi elinamandla.
Isizathu salokhu kungase kube ukuvuza kwama-nozzles - khona-ke ukuguqulwa okukhulu kwemoto kuyadingeka. Uma lezi zingxenye zihluleka, uphethiloli uzovuza enjinini noma ungashayelanga. Umphumela uwukucebisa kabusha kwengxube ye-fuel-air. Lesi senzakalo esichazwe siholela ekwandeni kokungqubuzana phakathi kwezingxenye - lokhu kwandisa ingozi yokugqoka ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Enye yezinhlobo eziyingozi intuthu emnyama-grey, kungase kube nezizathu eziningana zokubukeka kwayo:
- Ukugqokwa kweNozzle.
- Ukwephulwa kwesistimu yokulawula ukunikezwa kukaphethiloli.
- Isihlungi somoya esivalekile.
- Ukusebenza kabi kwe-throttle.
- Ukuncipha kwekhwalithi yezikhala ngaphakathi kwamavalvu okuthatha.
- Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-Turbocharger.
- Ukulebula okungalungile kokunikezwa kokushisa noma ukusatshalaliswa kwegesi.
Kufanele ube yini umbala wokuqeda?
Ukushintsha kombala we-exhaust evela ku-muffler kubonisa izinguquko ekusebenzeni kwenjini. Ukusabela okufika ngesikhathi kokungasebenzi kahle kuzosiza ukugwema izinkinga ezinkulu ngomshini.
Lapho ushisa amafutha
Uma bekhuluma ngokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwamafutha, ke, okokuqala, basho ikhwalithi efana ne-viscosity. Uwoyela awugqinsi kakhulu udala ukuguga, ukwakheka koketshezi kugeleza ngaphakathi lapho injini iphumule.
Ithini intuthu ye-muffler?
Uma imoto yakho idla amafutha amaningi, khona-ke umbala wentuthu ovela ku-muffler uzokutshela ngakho: ekuqaleni kuba grey, ngokushesha ukunyamalala. Isenzo esinjalo singase singanakwa kumnikazi wemoto oqalayo.
Ngenhlanganisela ecebile
Ingxube yomoya/iphethiloli ecebile kakhulu ngaphakathi kwesistimu yokusabalalisa izoholela ekukhishweni okumnyama okuvela ku-muffler. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uphethiloli ongena ngaphakathi awunaso isikhathi sokuvutha. Inkinga idinga isixazululo esisheshayo, ngaphandle kwalokho usengozini yokushiywa ngaphandle kwemoto.
Ngemva kokushintsha amafutha
Uwoyela noma intuthu empunga ikhombisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe zekhwalithi ephansi noma ukugeleza okuqhubekayo kukawoyela enjinini.
Uma sikhuluma nge-viscosity embi yokubunjwa, khona-ke ukushintshwa okuphelele kungasiza. Ngemva kwalokho, kungase kubonakale intuthu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka embhobho wokukhipha isikhathi esifushane ekuqaleni kokuqala. Bese iyanyamalala, izinguquko zibe mhlophe noma zikhanye.
Ngemva kokumisa injini
Kubonakala sengathi ngemva kokuma kwenjini, zonke izinqubo ziyama ngokuzenzakalelayo. Kodwa akunjalo.
Kunezinketho ezi-2 ezijwayelekile:
- Intuthu emhlophe. Isebenza njengenye yezimpawu zokukhululwa komhwamuko we-condensate.
- Intuthu emnyama emfudlaneni omncane. Inkomba yenqubo yokushiswa kwe-afterburning ku-catalyst.
Ngemva kwekhefu elide
Kulokhu, imbangela kulula ukuyithola. Uma ungazange usebenzise umshini isikhathi eside, khona-ke ukuqala kokuqala kuzoholela ekukhishweni komusi embhobho. Uma i-emission iyancipha bese iyanyamalala njengoba injini ifudumala, akukho nkinga.
Kungani i-muffler ibhema
Uma ngisho nalapho injini ifudumala, umusi awuyeki, khona-ke uba mkhulu, khona-ke lokhu kubonisa ukucwiliswa kwamasongo e-oil scraper.
Ngemva kokukhipha i-catalyst
Uma ususa isiguquli se-catalytic, ufana nokwephula ukulandelana kwezenzo ngaphakathi kwesistimu. Izinzwa ze-elekthronikhi azibali isici, ngakho-ke ziqala ukuphonsa uphethiloli owengeziwe. Kukhona ukuphinda kuthuthukiswe ingxube kaphethiloli - intuthu emnyama iphuma ku-muffler. Le nkinga ingaxazululwa ngokusetha kabusha izilungiselelo noma ngokukhanyisa kabusha izinto zikagesi.
Ngaphansi komthwalo
Umthwalo wemoto ungabhekwa ngokucindezela i-gas pedal ukuba yehluleke, inqobo nje uma imoto imile. Inketho yesibili ukukhuphuka kwentaba isikhathi eside futhi okunzima. Zombili lezi zimo zicabanga ukuthi i-muffler izokhipha intuthu emhlophe. Lezi yizinhlobonhlobo zesimiso.
Izimbangela zentuthu ephuma epayipini lokukhipha umoya lenjini kaphethiloli kungaba ukungasebenzi kahle kakhulu. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngokubonakala kwe-exhaust ebizwa ngokuthi "enemibala". Ngokuvamile, umusi omhlophe uyamukeleka, okubonisa ukuba khona kwe-condensate. Ukuphuma okumpunga, okumnyama noma okuminyene nokuminyene - isignali yokuthi izingxenye zigugile, sekuyisikhathi sokuzishintsha.
