Kungani iBMW ifake injini ye-hydrogen ngamaseli kaphethiloli?
Okuqukethwe
IBMW ibona i-hydrogen njengobuchwepheshe obuthembisayo engxenyeni enkulu yezimoto futhi izokhiqiza iBMW X2022 enamaseli amancane kaphethiloli ngo-5. Lolu lwazi luqinisekiswe yisekela likamongameli wenkampani yaseGerman yezobuchwepheshe be-hydrogen, uDkt Jürgen Guldner.
Abanye abakhiqizi abaningi, abanjengoDaimler, muva nje bakushiyile ukusetshenziswa kwe-hydrogen ezimotweni zabagibeli futhi bakuthuthukisa nje njengesisombululo samaloli namabhasi.
Ukuxoxisana nabamele inkampani
Engqungqutheleni yabezindaba yevidiyo, izintatheli zomagazini abahamba phambili bezimoto zibuze uchungechunge lwemibuzo ngekusasa lezinjini ze-hydrogen embonweni wenkampani. Nayi eminye yemicabango evele kulo mhlangano we-inthanethi obubanjwe ekuqaleni kokuhlukaniswa.
“Sikholelwa elungelweni lokuzikhethela,” kuchaza uKlaus Fröhlich, ilungu le-BMW Research Council. “Uma sibuzwa ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lokushayela oluzodingeka namuhla, akekho onganikeza impendulo efanayo kuzo zonke izifunda zomhlaba ... Sidinga ukuguquguquka. "
NgokukaFröhlich, ikusasa lezimoto zedolobha elincane e-Europe ilele ezimotweni zikagesi ezisebenza ngebhethri. Kodwa kumamodeli amakhulu, i-hydrogen iyisixazululo esihle.
Intuthuko yokuqala ye-hydrogen
I-BMW ibisakha i-hydrogen drive kusukela ngo-1979 ngohlobo lokuqala lwama-520h yabe seyethula amamodeli wokuhlola amaningana ngawo-1990.
Kodwa-ke, basebenzise i-hydrogen ewuketshezi edonswa enjinini yomlilo yakudala. Le nkampani ibe isishintsha ngokuphelele amasu ayo futhi, kusukela ngo-2013, ibisakha izimoto ze-hydrogen fuel cell (FCEV) ngokubambisana neToyota.
Kungani ushintshe indlela obheka ngayo izinto?
Ngokusho kukaDkt. Gouldner, kunezizathu ezimbili zalokhu kubuyekezwa:
- Okokuqala, uhlelo lwe-hydrogen oluwuketshezi lusenokusebenza kahle okuphansi kwezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi - kuphela ama-20-30%, kanti ukusebenza kahle kwamaseli kaphethiloli kuvela ku-50 kuye ku-60%.
- Okwesibili, i-hydrogen engamanzi kunzima ukuyigcina isikhathi eside futhi idinga amandla amaningi ukuyipholisa. Igesi ye-Hydrogen isetshenziswa kumaseli ka-petroli ku-700 bar (70 MPa).
IBMW i Hydrogen Next Yesikhathi esizayo izoba neseli likaphethiloli elingu-125 kW kanye nenjini kagesi. Amandla emoto esewonke azoba ngama-374 amahhashi - anele ukugcina injabulo yokushayela ethenjiswe ngumkhiqizo.
Ngasikhathi sinye, isisindo semoto yeseli likaphethiloli sizoba sikhulu kancane kunaleso se-plug-in hybrids (PHEVs) esikhona njengamanje, kodwa sibe ngaphansi kwesisindo sezimoto zikagesi ezigcwele ngokugcwele (BEVs).
Izinhlelo zokukhiqiza
Ngo-2022, le moto izokhiqizwa ngochungechunge oluncane futhi ngeke ithengiswe, kepha kungenzeka idluliselwe kubathengi ukuze bahlolwe umhlaba wangempela.
"Izimo ezifana nengqalasizinda nokukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen azikalungi ngokwanele uchungechunge olukhulu,"Kusho uKlaus Fröhlich. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ikhophi lokuqala le-hydrogen lizoshaya ezindlini zokubukisa ngo-2025. Ngo-2030, uhla lwenkampani lungaba ngaphezulu kwezimoto ezinjalo.
UDkt. Gouldner wabelane ngamasu akhe okuthi ingqalasizinda ingakhula ngokushesha kunokulindelekile. Uzoyidinga ngamaloli namabhasi. Abakwazi ukusebenzisa amabhethri ukunciphisa ukukhishwa. Inkinga enkulu kakhulu iphathelene nokukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen.
Umqondo "womnotho we-hydrogen" usekelwe ekukhiqizweni kwawo nge-electrolysis evela emithonjeni evuselelekayo. Kodwa-ke, inqubo isebenzisa amandla amaningi - iyunithi yokukhiqiza yemikhumbi emikhulu ye-FCEV kungenzeka idlule wonke amandla elanga nomoya akhona eYurophu.
Intengo nayo iyisici: Namuhla, inqubo ye-electrolysis ibiza phakathi kuka- $ 4 no- $ 6 ngekhilogremu. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-hydrogen, etholakala kwigesi yemvelo ngokwalokho okuthiwa "ukuguqulwa kwesitimu ibe yi-methane", ibiza cishe idola kuphela ngekhilogremu. Kodwa-ke, amanani angahla kakhulu eminyakeni ezayo, kusho uGouldner.
"Uma usebenzisa i-hydrogen njengophethiloli, kukhona ukumosha okukhulu kwamandla - okokuqala kufanele ukhiqize ngogesi, bese uwugcina, uwuthuthe bese uwubuyisela ugesi," -Kuchaza iphini likamongameli weBMW.
“Kodwa lokhu kubi ngesikhathi esifanayo kuyinzuzo. I-hydrogen ingagcinwa isikhathi eside, izinyanga ezimbalwa, futhi ingathuthwa kalula kusetshenziswa ngisho nengxenye yamapayipi akhona. Akuyona inkinga ukuyithola ezindaweni lapho izimo zamandla avuselelekayo zizinhle kakhulu, njengaseNyakatho ne-Afrika, bese uyingenisa eYurophu ukusuka lapho.”
