Indiza ecwebezelayo nethwala impahla: Gotha Go 242 Go 244
I-Gotha Go 242 Go 244. I-Gotha Go 242 A-1 glider idonswa indiza ye-Heinkel He 111 H phezu koLwandle iMedithera.
Ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwamasosha ase-German parachute kwadinga ukuthi imboni yezindiza ihlinzeke ngemishini yendiza efanelekile - kokubili izindiza zokuhamba nezokuthutha ezihamba ngendiza. Ngenkathi i-DFS 230 ihlangabezana nezidingo zendiza yokuhlasela emoyeni, okwakufanele ilethe izilwi ezinemishini nezikhali zomuntu siqu lapho ihlosiwe, umthamo wayo ophansi wokuthwala awuzange uyivumele ukuthi inikeze amayunithi ayo ngemishini eyengeziwe nezinto ezidingekayo imisebenzi yokulwa. Ukulwa okuphumelelayo endaweni yesitha. Ngalolu hlobo lomsebenzi, kwakudingeka ukudala i-airframe enkulu enomthwalo omkhulu wokukhokha.
I-airframe entsha, i-Gotha Go 242, yakhiwe yi-Gothaer Waggonfabrik AG, efushanisiwe njenge-GWF (Inkampani Yezitokisi Ezihlangene ze-Gotha Carriage), eyasungulwa ngoJulayi 1, 1898 ngonjiniyela u-Botmann no-Gluck. Ekuqaleni, amafektri ayesebenza ekwakhiweni nasekukhiqizeni izitimela, izinqola kanye nezinsiza zikaloliwe. Umnyango Wokukhiqiza Izindiza (Abteilung Flugzeugbau) wasungulwa ngoFebhuwari 3, 1913, futhi ngemva kwamasonto ayishumi nanye indiza yokuqala yakhiwa lapho: umqeqeshi we-biplane onezihlalo ezimbili oklanywe ngu-Eng. UBruno Bluchner. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, i-GFW yaqala ukunikeza ilayisensi i-Etrich-Rumpler LE 1 Taube (ijuba). Lezi bekuyizindiza ezimbili, ezinenjini eyodwa kanye nezindiza ezinezinjongo eziningi. Ngemuva kokukhiqizwa kwamakhophi angu-10 we-LE 1, izinguqulo ezithuthukisiwe ze-LE 2 kanye ne-LE 3, ezidalwe ngu-eng. Franz Boenisch kanye no-eng. Bartel. Sekukonke, imboni yeGotha ikhiqize izindiza ezingama-80 zeTaube.
Ngemva kokugqashuka kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, onjiniyela ababili abanekhono ngokwedlulele, uKarl Rösner noHans Burkhard, baba izinhloko zehhovisi lokuklama. Iphrojekthi yabo yokuqala ehlanganyelwe kwaba ukuguqulwa kwendiza ye-French Caudron G III yokuhlola, ngaphambili eyayinelayisensi yi-GWF. Indiza entsha ithole igama elithi LD 4 futhi yakhiqizwa ngamakhophi angama-20. Khona-ke uRösner noBurkhard bakha izindiza ezimbalwa zokuqaphela kanye nezindiza zasolwandle, ezakhiwe ngochungechunge oluncane, kodwa umsebenzi wabo wangempela waqala ngo-July 27, 1915 ngendiza yokuqala ye-Gotha GI-twin-injini yebhomu, ngaleso sikhathi eyahlanganiswa no-Eng. Oscar Ursinus. Umsebenzi wabo ohlanganyelwe kwakungamabhomu alandelayo: i-Gotha G.II, G.III, G.IV kanye ne-GV, eyaduma ngokuba nengxenye ekugaseleni okude kwezindawo ezihlosiwe eziseziQhingini ZaseBrithani. Ukuhlasela emoyeni akuzange kubangele umonakalo omkhulu emshinini wempi waseBrithani, kodwa inkulumo-ze yabo nomthelela wabo ongokwengqondo wawumkhulu kakhulu.
Ekuqaleni, izimboni zikaGotha zaziqashe abantu abangu-50; ekupheleni kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, inani labo lenyuka laya ku-1215, futhi ngalesi sikhathi inkampani yakhiqiza izindiza ezingaphezu kuka-1000.
Ngaphansi kweSivumelwano Sase-Versailles, amafekthri e-Gotha ayenqatshelwe ukuqala nokuqhubeka nanoma yimuphi umkhiqizo ohlobene nezindiza. Eminyakeni eyishumi nanhlanu eyalandela, kuze kube ngu-1933, i-GFW yakhiqiza izitimela, izinjini zikadizili, izinqola kanye nemishini kaloliwe. Ngenxa yokuthatha amandla kweNational Socialists ngo-Okthoba 2, 1933, umnyango wokukhiqiza izindiza wahlakazwa. Dipl.-eng. Albert Kalkart. Inkontileka yokuqala kwaba ukukhiqizwa okunelayisensi yendiza yokuqeqesha i-Arado Ar 68. Kamuva indiza yokuhlola i-Heinkel He 45 kanye ne-He 46 yahlanganiswa e-Gotha. UCalkert uklame umqeqeshi weGotha Go 145 onezihlalo ezimbili, owandiza ngoFebhuwari 1934. Indiza yabonakala iphumelela kakhulu; Sekukonke, kwakhiqizwa okungenani amakhophi ayi-1182.
Ekupheleni kuka-August 1939, kwaqalwa umsebenzi ehhovisi lika-Goth lokuklama umshini wokundiza omusha owawukwazi ukuthwala umthwalo omkhulu ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuhlakazwa. Inhloko yethimba lokuthuthukiswa kwakungu-Dipl.-Ing. Albert Kalkart. Umklamo wokuqala waqedwa ngo-Okthoba 25, 1939. I-airframe entsha bekumele ibe ne-fuselage enkulu ene-boom yomsila ebekwe emhlane wayo kanye ne-hatch enkulu yempahla efakwe endaweni ebheke phezulu.
Ngemva kokwenza izifundo zethiyori kanye nokubonisana ngo-January 1940, kwanqunywa ukuthi i-hatch yempahla etholakala ku-fuselage eya phambili yayizoba sengozini ethile yokulimala kanye nokuma lapho ifika endaweni engaziwa, engakaze ibonwe ngaphambili, engaphazamisa ukuthululwa kwemishini. bagibele. Kunqunywe ukuhambisa isicabha sempahla esincike phezulu sifike ekugcineni kwe-fuselage, kodwa lokhu kubonakale kungenakwenzeka ngenxa ye-boom yomsila enezimbobo ekugcineni ezibekwe lapho. Isixazululo sitholwe ngokushesha omunye wamalungu eqembu, u-Ing. U-Laiber, ohlongoze isigaba esisha somsila esine-double beam exhunywe ekugcineni nge-stabilizer evundlile engunxande. Lokhu kuvumela i-hatch yokulayisha ukuthi igoqwe ngokukhululeka nangokuphepha, futhi kwanikeza nendawo eyanele yokulayisha izimoto ezingekho emgwaqeni njengeVolkswagen Type 82 Kübelwagen, isibhamu esisindayo sohlobo lwe-150 mm noma i-Howitzer ye-caliber field engu-105 mm.
Iphrojekthi eqediwe yethulwa ngoMeyi 1940 kubameleli beReichsluftfahrtministerium (RLM - Reich Aviation Ministry). Ekuqaleni, izikhulu ze-Technisches Amt des RLM (Umnyango Wezobuchwepheshe we-RLM) zancamela umklamo oqhudelanayo we-Deutscher Forschunsanstalt für Segelflug (Isikhungo Sokucwaninga Nge-Gliding YaseJalimane), eqokwe i-DFS 331. Ngenxa yokuphumelela kokuqala kokulwa komkhumbi wokufika we-DFS 230, i-DFS ekuqaleni yayinethuba elingcono kakhulu lokuwina umncintiswano. NgoSepthemba 1940, i-RLM yafaka i-oda lama-prototypes amathathu e-DFS 1940 kanye nama-prototypes amabili we-Go 331 azolethwa ngoNovemba 242 ukuze kuqhathaniswe ukusebenza nokusebenza.
