I-Pininfarina - ubuhle buzalelwa lapho

I-Peninsula yase-Apennine ibilokhu iyisizinda sezingcweti zesitayela kusukela kudala. Ngaphandle kwezakhiwo, ukudweba nokudweba, amaNtaliyane nawo angabaholi emhlabeni wokuklama izimoto, futhi inkosi yawo engaphikiswa yi-Pininfarina, isikhungo sesitayela saseTurin, esigubha usuku lwaso ekupheleni kukaMeyi. 

Umsuka we-Carrozzeria Pininfarina

Ngo-May 1930 Battista Farina wasungula inkampani yakhe, wahamba ibanga elide, okwathi kusukela ekuqaleni lalixhumene nemboni yezimoto. Wazalwa engoweshumi ezinganeni eziyishumi nanye zika-vintner Giuseppe Farina. Ngenxa yokuthi wayeyindodana encane, wanikwa igama lesidlaliso elithi Pinin, elincane elahlala naye kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe, futhi ngo-1961 washintsha isibongo sakhe saba. I-Pininfarina.

Kakade lapho esanda kweva eshumini nambili, wasebenza e-workshop yomfowabo omdala eTurin, eyayingahlanganyeli kuphela kumakhenikha, kodwa futhi nasekulungiseni insimbi. Kulapho uBattista, ebuka futhi esiza umfowabo, afunda khona ukusebenzisa izimoto futhi wathandana nazo ngendlela engenakuphulukiswa.

Wathola ikhomishana yakhe yokuqala yokuklama eneminyaka engu-18, lapho engakangeni ebhizinisini. Kwakuyidizayini yerediyetha ye-Fiat Zero, eyakhiqizwa kusukela ngo-1913, ukuthi uMongameli u-Agnelli wawuthanda ngaphezu kwesiphakamiso sabasiki bezitayela benkampani. Naphezu kwempumelelo enjalo, uFarina akazange asebenze embonini yezimoto eTurin, kodwa wanquma ukuya e-United States, lapho ebona khona imboni yezimoto ethuthukayo. Ebuyela e-Italy ngo-1928, wathatha ifekthri yomfowabo omdala, futhi ngo-1930, ngenxa yoxhaso lomndeni kanye nangaphandle, wasungula. Umzimba we-Pininfarina.

Inhloso yalolu tshalomali bekuwukuguqula umhlangano wokucobelelana ngolwazi ophumelelayo ube yifekthri ekhiqiza izindikimba eziklanywe ngokwezifiso, ukusuka kokukodwa kuya kochungechunge oluncane. Kwakukhona izinkampani eziningi ezinjalo kulo lonke elaseYurophu, kodwa eminyakeni eyalandela I-Pininfarina uthole ukuqashelwa okwengeziwe.

Izimoto zokuqala ezadwetshwa uFarina kwakuyiLancias, okungelona nje iphutha. UVincenzo Lancia watshala imali enkampanini yakhe futhi waba umngane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kakade ngo-1930, uLancia Dilambda wethulwa ngomzimba ozacile obizwa ngokuthi i-boat-tail, owazuza izinhliziyo zababukeli nochwepheshe ngesikhathi somncintiswano wase-Italy wobuhle be-Villa d'Este, futhi ngokushesha wakhanga amandla akhona. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, umzimba kaLancia Dilambda owenziwe uFarina wayalwa. inkosi yaseRomania, kanye no-Maharaja Vir Singh II bayala umzimba ngesitayela esifanayo, kodwa yakhelwe i-Cadillac V16, ngaleso sikhathi eyayingenye yezimoto ezihlonishwa kakhulu emhlabeni.

U-Farina wakha futhi wethulwa emiqhudelwaneni yobuhle kanye namaphrojekthi wokubukisa izimoto hhayi kuphela ngesisekelo sezimoto zase-Italy (Lancia, Alfa Romeo), kodwa futhi ngesisekelo seMercedes noma i-Hispano-Suiza kanokusho. Nokho, iminyaka yokuqala yayihlobene kakhulu noLancia. Yilapho azama khona ukusebenzisa i-aerodynamics, ethula i-Dilambda futhi kamuva incarnations elandelayo ye-Aurelia ne-Asturias. Izingxenye zomzimba eziyindilinga kanye namafasitela atshekile sekuyinto ephawulekayo yesitudiyo.

Isikhathi sangaphambi kwempi kwakuyisikhathi sentuthuko, ukukhula kwamathuba omsebenzi kanye nemiklamo eminingi emisha. IMpi Yezwe II yamisa ukusebenza embonini yaseTurin, kodwa lapho izinxushunxushu ziphela, ngemva kokuba lesi sikhungo sesibuyiselwe, uBattista neqembu lakhe babuyela emsebenzini. Ngemva nje kokuphothula iziqu ngo-1950, wajoyinwa indodana yakhe uSergio, owasayina kumaphrojekthi amaningi wezithombe. Ngaphambi kokuba lokho kwenzeke, yethulwa ngo-1947. I-Cisitalia 202, imoto yezemidlalo yomgwaqo yokuqala evela esitebeleni somjaho sase-Italy.

Idizayini entsha yomhlangano wokucobelelana ngolwazi yagqama ngokumelene nesizinda sezimpumelelo zangaphambi kwempi. Wanikeza umbono wesigaxa esisodwa, sizacile, esingaphawulwanga ngamajoyinti namajika. Uma ngaleso sikhathi umuntu engazi mayelana nedumela le-Pininfarina, ngakho-ke ngesikhathi sokuqala kwalo modeli, umuntu wayengenakho ukukhohlisa. Imoto yayimangalisa njengedizayini yeFerrari ehamba phambili kamuva. Akumangalisi ukuthi ngo-1951, wangena eMnyuziyamu waseNew York njengenye yezimoto ezinhle kakhulu emlandweni wemboni yezimoto futhi yayibizwa ngokuthi i-sculpture on wheels. I-Cisitalia 202 yangena ekukhiqizeni okuncane. Kwakhiwe izimoto ezingu-170.

Ukusebenzisana okuhloniphekile phakathi kwe-Pininfarina ne-Ferrari

Umlando wobudlelwano I-Pininfarini z Ferrari kwaqala njengohlobo oluthile lwesiphetho. Ngo-1951 Enzo Ferrari umenyiwe Battista Farina kuModena, lapho yena ngokwakhe ephendula khona ngesiphakamiso sokuvakashela eTurin. Bobabili abanumzane babengafuni ukuvuma ukuhamba. Mhlawumbe ukusebenzisana bekungeke kuqale ukube bekungenjalo USergio Pininfarinaohlongoze isixazululo esingasidaluli isimo sanoma yimuphi usonkontileka ongase abe khona. Laba banumzane bahlangana endaweni yokudlela ephakathi nendawo ephakathi kweTurin neModena, okwaholela kweyokuqala I-Ferrari enomzimba we-Pininfairny - Imodeli 212 Inter Cabriolet. Waqala kanjalo-ke umlando wokusebenzisana okudume kakhulu phakathi kwesikhungo sokuklama kanye nomkhiqizi wezimoto zikanokusho.

Ekuqaleni, i-Pininfarina yayingenayo i-Ferrari kuphela - amanye ama-ateliers ase-Italy, afana ne-Vignale, Ghia noma i-Carrozzeria Scaglietti, alungisa imizimba, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi lokhu kuye kwaba kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ngo-1954 wenza i-debut yakhe I-Ferrari 250 GT enomzimba we-Pininfarinakamuva kwakhiwa iminyaka engu-250. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isitudiyo saba umklami wenkantolo. Ezandleni zama-stylists aseTurin kwafika izimoto ezinkulu ezinjengalezi I-Ferrari 288 GTO, F40, F50, Enzo noma indawo ephansi I-Mondial, i-GTB, i-Testarossa, i-550 Maranello noma i-Dino. Ezinye izimoto zaze zakhiqizwa embonini yePininfarina (igama kusukela ngo-1961). Lawa, phakathi kokunye, amamodeli ahlukahlukene weFerrari 330 ahlanganiswe eTurin futhi ayiswa eMaranello ukuze ahlangane ngomshini.

Okuthandekayo umlando wokubambisana kwePininfarina noFerrari Cishe isizophela njengoba iFerrari njengamanje inganikezi izimoto eziklanywe eTurin kanti iCentro Stile yakwaFerrari yiyo ebhekele yonke imiklamo emisha yomkhiqizo. Kodwa-ke, asikho isikhundla esisemthethweni mayelana nokuqedwa kokubambisana.

Umhlaba awugcini ngeFerrari

Naphezu kokusebenza eduze neFerrari iminyaka engamashumi ayisithupha, uPininfarina akazange awashaye indiva amanye amakhasimende. Emashumini eminyaka alandelayo, ukhiqize imiklamo yemikhiqizo eminingi yomhlaba. Kuyafaneleka ukusho amamodeli anjalo njenge Peugeot 405 (1987), Alfa Romeo 164 (1987), Alfa Romeo GTV (1993) noma Rolls-Royce Camargue (1975). Enkulungwaneni entsha yeminyaka, inkampani yaqala ukubambisana nabakhiqizi baseShayina abanjengoChery noma iBrilliance kanye nabaseKorea (Hyundai Matrix, Daewoo Lacetti).

Kusukela ngasekupheleni kwawo-100s, i-Pininfarina iphinde yaklama izitimela, izikebhe namathilamu. Iphothifoliyo yabo ihlanganisa, phakathi kwezinye izinto, umklamo wangaphakathi wendiza entsha yaseRussia i-Sukhoj Superjet, i-Istanbul Airport, eyavulwa ngo-April kulo nyaka, kanye nomklamo wama-electronics abathengi, izingubo zokugqoka, izesekeli kanye nefenisha.

Hhayi nje studio design, kodwa futhi ifektri

Ngempumelelo yamazwe ngamazwe ye-Cisitalia, ukuqashelwa kukaPininfarina kwasakazekela ngaphesheya kweYurophu futhi kwaqala ukubambisana nabakhiqizi baseMelika - uNash noCadillac. AmaNtaliyane asiza abantu baseMelika ukuklama iNxusa leNash, futhi esimweni se-roadster ye-Nash-Healey, u-Pininfarina akazange nje akhe umzimba omusha we-roadster owakhiqizwa kusukela ngo-1951, kodwa futhi wayikhiqiza. Kwaba isikhonkwane ebhokisini ngokwalo, ngoba imoto yaqala umlando wayo eNgilandi, embonini ye-Healey lapho kwakhiwa khona u-chassis, futhi ifakwe injini evela e-USA. Imoto ehlanganiswe ingxenye yayiswa eTurin, lapho uPininfarina ahlanganisa khona isidumbu futhi wathumela imoto eqediwe e-States. Inqubo enzima yezokuthutha ibangele inani eliphezulu elivimbele ukuthi lidayise kahle emakethe yaseMelika encintisanayo. AbakwaGeneral Motors benza iphutha elifanayo emashumini ambalwa eminyaka kamuva, kodwa masingayeki ngaphambi kwethu.

U-Nash kwakungeyena yedwa umkhiqizi waseMelika onentshisekelo kumakhono okukhiqiza we-Pininfarina. UGeneral Motors wanquma ukwakha inguqulo kanokusho yeCadillac, imodeli ye-Eldorado Brougham, eyakhiwa eTurin ngo-1959-1960 ngamaqoqo amancane. Kuyo yomibili le minyaka yokukhiqiza, kwakhiwa cishe ikhulu kuphela. Kwakuyimpahla ebiza kakhulu ohlwini lwamanani omkhiqizo waseMelika - yayibiza ngokuphindwe kabili kune-Eldorado evamile, okuyenza ibe enye yezimoto ezibiza kakhulu emhlabeni. Ukukhanya okunethezeka okunethezeka, okuhlanganiswe nokusebenza okuhlanganisa ukuthunyelwa kwe-US-Italy-US kanye nokuhlanganiswa ngesandla kwemoto ngayinye, kwenze i-Cadillac Eldorado Brougham ingabi inketho ehlakaniphe kakhulu uma ufuna i-limousine evulekile.

Ngo-1958 I-Pininfarina открыл завод в Грульяско, который позволял производить 11 автомобилей в год, поэтому производство для американских клиентов было слишком маленьким, чтобы поддерживать завод. К счастью, компания прекрасно гармонировала с отечественными брендами.

Ngo-1966, kwaqala ukukhiqizwa enye yezimoto ezibaluleke kakhulu enkampanini. Alfie Romeo Spiderokwakuyimoto yesibili ngobukhulu yokukhiqiza eyakhiwe nguPininfarina. Kuze kube ngu-1993, amakhophi angu-140 124 akhiqizwa. Kulokhu, "Fiat 1966" kuphela "Sport Spider" kwaba ngcono, ekhiqizwa ngo-1985, amayunithi 200 - eminyakeni.

Iminyaka yamashumi ayisishiyagalombili yisikhathi lapho singabuyela khona ekuqoshweni kweMelika. Khona-ke uGeneral Motors wanquma ukwakha i-Cadillac Allante, i-roadster kanokusho eyakhiwa umzimba endaweni yokuhlangana e-San Giorgio Canavese yase ithunyelwa ngendiza e-US ukuze ixhunywe ku-chassis kanye ne-powertrain. Ukusebenza kukonke kube nomthelela omubi entengo futhi imoto yahlala ikhiqizwa kusukela ngo-1986 kuya ku-1993. Ukukhiqizwa kuphele ngaphezu kuka-23. amakhophi.

Kodwa-ke, isitshalo esisha sasingenalutho; inkampani yasePininfarina yakha kuso. I-Convertible Bentley Azure, i-Peugeot 406 coupe noma i-Alfa Romeo Brera. Ngo-1997, kwavulwa enye imboni, lapho Mitsubishi Pajero Pinin, Ford Focus Coupe Cabrio noma Ford Streetka. AmaNtaliyane nawo asungule ubudlelwano nawo Volvo futhi bakha C70 eSweden.

namuhla I-Pininfarina ivale noma ithengiswe zonke izimboni zayo futhi ayisakwazi ukwenza izimoto zanoma yimuphi umkhiqizi, kodwa isahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokuklama izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene.

Inkinga yezomnotho kanye nokusimama

Izinkinga zezimali ezibangelwa ukuthuthukiswa kwezakhiwo kanye nezikweletu zesikhathi eside azizange zithinte kabi izinkampani ezinkulu, okwakudingeka zivale wonke amafektri ngisho nemikhiqizo ukuze zizivikele ekuweni. I-Pininfarina yayisenkingeni enkulu yezezimali emuva ngo-2007, futhi insindiso kuphela kwakuwukubheka izindlela zokunciphisa izindleko nokuheha abatshalizimali. Ngo-2008, umzabalazo namabhange waqala, ukufuna abatshalizimali kanye nokuhlelwa kabusha, okwaphela ngo-2013, lapho inkampani ingazange ilahlekelwe ukulahlekelwa okokuqala cishe eminyakeni eyishumi. Ngo-2015, uMahindra wavela futhi wathatha izintambo I-Pininfarinakodwa uPaolo Pininfarina, owayenenkampani kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-XNUMX, waqhubeka engumongameli.

Muva nje I-Pininfarina Angisebenzi. Unesibopho se-Fisker Karma ebuyekeziwe, i.e. I-Karma Revero GTyethulwe kulo nyaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Pininfarina Battista hypercar, eqanjwe ngomsunguli odumile wenkampani, isendleleni, ihlanganisa isitayela esingapheli ne-Rimac electric drive, iletha inani eliphelele le-1903 hp. (amamotho ama-4, eyodwa ngesondo ngalinye). Imoto kulindeleke ukuthi iqale ukudayisa ngo-2020. AmaNtaliyane ahlela ukukhulula amakhophi angu-150 ale moto enkulu, ekwazi ukusheshisa ku-100 km / h ngemizuzwana emi-2 futhi ifinyelele isivinini esingu-349 km / h. Intengo ibekwe ku-2 million euros. Kakhulu, kodwa i-Pininfarina isewumkhiqizo emhlabeni wezimoto. AmaNtaliyane abika ukuthi i-40% yawo wonke umkhiqizo usuvele ugodliwe.