Pilot, mgodi endizeni!

Ohambweni lwasemkhathini ngoDisemba, osozulu baseRussia u-Oleg Kononenko noSergei Prokopiev bahlola imbobo esikhumbeni somkhumbi-mkhathi weSoyuz, okwathi ezinyangeni ezimbili ngaphambili kwabangela ukungqubuzana phakathi kweRussia ne-United States, osekuvele kwafinyelela ezingeni lezokuxhumana.

Ngokusho kwesikhungo sasemkhathini iRoscosmos, inhloso yokuhlolwa kwakuwukuthola ukuthi ngabe umgodi “oncane kodwa oyingozi” wenzeke yini eMhlabeni noma emkhathini. Ngemva kwamashumi ambalwa emizuzu yokuhlola umonakalo, osomkhathi bekufanele ngabe bafinyelele esiphethweni sokuthi imbobo eneshwa cishe ayizange ibhojwe ngenhloso.

I-Rogozin: ukubhujiswa kwe-orbital

XNUMX mm umgodi eceleni Inyunyana, przycumowanego do international space station (ICC), yatholwa ngo-Agasti 30 ngonyaka odlule. Ukuvuza ezindongeni zomkhumbi kusho ukuvuza komoya kumojula, futhi osomkhathi baqopha ukwehla komfutho. Osomkhathi basebenzisa i-epoxy grout ukuze bavale udonga. Khona manjalo, baqinisekise ukuthi ukulahlekelwa yingcindezi encane okungabeka engcupheni impilo yamalungu esiteshi.

Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva kwaba namahemuhemu okuthi lo mgodi ungase ube umphumela wombhoshongo noma iphutha ekwakhiweni komhlaba. NgoSepthemba, inhloko yeRoscosmos Dmitry Rogozin yakhipha izizathu ezihlobene nokulungiswa komhlabathi komkhumbi-mkhathi we-Soyuz ukuze undize. Kodwa-ke, akazange akhiphe ukuthi kungenzeka "ukungenelela ngamabomu emkhathini", ephakamisa, ikakhulukazi, ukuthi lokhu kwakungenziwa osomkhathi baseMelika noma baseJalimane ukuze kusheshiswe ukubuyela eMhlabeni. Izikhulu zaseRussia ziziphikile lezi zinsolo, kwathi lapho umkhulumeli weNASA ecela ukuphawula ngezinsolo zokucekelwa phansi kwempahla, wadlulisela yonke imibuzo esikhungweni sasemkhathini saseRussia, esibhekele uphenyo.

Alexander Zheleznyakov, owayengunjiniyela nosaziwayo embonini yasemkhathini yaseRussia, utshele inhlangano yezindaba yezwe i-TASS ukuthi ukubhoboza imbobo engaphansi kwe-gravity kule ngxenye yomkhumbi-mkhathi akunakwenzeka. Kodwa-ke, emithonjeni eseduze nemboni yasemkhathini, abameleli be-TASS bathole ukuthi umkhumbi wawungahle ulimale ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa e-Baikonur Cosmodrome e-Kazakhstan, ngemva kokuphasa amasheke okuqala.

Umthombo we-TASS uphakamise ukuthi ngesikhathi i-Soyuz ifika ku-ISS, isivalo "somile sawa."

I-ejensi ye-RIA Novosti, icaphuna omunye umthombo embonini yasemkhathini, yabika ezinsukwini ezilandelayo ukuthi inkampani ye-Soyuz Energia yaqala ukuhlola embonini eseduze kwaseMoscow nase-Baikonur ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukungasebenzi kahle kwayo yonke imikhumbi-mkhathi ye-Soyuz kanye ne-Progress izimoto ezingenamuntu ezisetshenziselwa ukuthuthwa kwempahla. UDmitry Rogozin uthe ikhomishana yombuso waseRussia ingathanda ukuqamba umenzi wobubi ngegama, ize ibize ngokuthi "yindaba yokuhlonipha."

Ukubambisana kuya kuba nzima

Ukudideka kuhlanganiswe indawo esevele iyinkimbinkimbi yokubambisana kweRussia-American emkhathini. Njengoba nazi, abantu baseMelika abakaze babe nomkhumbi wokwethula izisebenzi ku-orbit selokhu kwanqanyulwa izithuthuthu zasemkhathini. Basebenzisa i-Soyuz ngaphansi kwesivumelwano esizuzisa abantu baseRussia. Okwamanje, lokhu kusebenza kuze kube ngu-2020.

Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, kwakunenkolelo yokuthi ngaleso sikhathi amaphilisi ezinkampani zaseMelika i-SpaceX ne-Boeing azobe esekulungele ukundiza emzileni. Kodwa-ke, i-NASA ayiqinisekile kangako manje. Indiza yokuhlola engenamuntu yayizokwenzeka ngoDisemba 2018, futhi izindiza zokuhlola ezinomuntu zazizoqala ngo-2019. I-Dragon V2 I-SpaceX. Kodwa-ke, ukuthi uhlelo lonke luzosebenza yini akukacaci, ngoba U-Elon Musk akakhuthazi ukuzethemba okungu-XNUMX% ku-NASA. Muva nje kube nombono wesikhulu esisha Imicibisholo ye-BFRnakuba wonke umuntu wayecabanga ukuthi i-SpaceX izosebenzisa inguqulo esindayo emisebenzini emikhulu. I-Falcon Heavy. UMusk naye unombono indiza yomuntu eya enyangeniokuyinto izikhulu zasemkhathini zaseMelika ezingakuthathi ngokungathi sína.

Ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi i-United States isazobhujiswa i-Roscosmos kanye namaNyunyana. Icala liphinde libe yinkimbinkimbi - lisasebenza - Hlela ukuhoxiswa kwe-United States ku-ISS. Inkinga ukuthi ngaphandle kwe-United States, lesi siteshi cishe ngeke siphile. Hhayi ngenxa yezizathu zezimali kuphela, kodwa futhi ngenxa yokuthi ama-cosmonauts aseRussia awakwazi ukusevisa kokubili amamojula we-American ISS kanye nalawo akhiwe ngokubamba iqhaza kwamanye amazwe aseNtshonalanga.

Ukwethulwa komkhumbi-mkhathi we-Soyuz MS-10 ngo-Okthoba 2018.

Ngemva kokudideka kokuvula umkhumbi-mkhathi, kwenzeka ngo-Okthoba Ukuhluleka kwe-missile ye-Soyuz MS-10 kumishini ebonakala ijwayelekile. Ngemva kwemizuzu emi-2 imizuzwana engu-20 yokundiza endaweni ephakeme ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha angama-50, osomkhathi ababekwi-capsule baqala ukunyakaza ngamandla, futhi izingcezwana ezikhanyayo zahlukaniswa nerokhethi. Kwanqunywa ukuthi kuhoxiswe ukuthunyelwa futhi kubuyele eMhlabeni esimweni esiphuthumayo kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi. imodi ye-ballistic.

Ngemva kwesifundo esifushane kanye nokuhlolwa okubukwayo kwe-rocket Inyunyana FG AmaRussia aphinde akhuluma nge-sabotage, ngoba, ngokombono wabo, kwakusenomonakalo esenzweni esibhekene nokuhlukaniswa kwengxenye ye-rocket eMhlabeni. Umqondisi omusha weNASA oqokwe nguDonald Trump yena uqobo wengamele ukwethulwa kweqembu laseRussia-America emkhathini UJim Bridenstineowahlangana okokuqala noRogozin, uzakwabo waseRussia, kulo mcimbi. Abezindaba baphawule ukuthi lesi sigameko kungenzeka sibe nomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzisaneni komkhathi waseRussia-America. Nokho, akukho okuzokwenzeka maduze.

I-Roscosmos ayiyithandi i-SpaceX

Kuze kube manje, ekuqaleni kukaDisemba 2018, umRashiya, owaseMelika kanye nowaseCanada bandizela e-ISS eSoyuz. Ngemva kwamahora ayisithupha ukusuka, ngaphandle kokushintsha kungazelelwe, bafika esiteshini sasemkhathini. Wangena nge-ISS Oleg Kononenko ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, wahlangana nozakwabo Sergei Prokopiev i-spacewalk okukhulunywe ngayo ngenhla ehlangene nokuhlaziywa komonakalo akulula, siyengeza, ngoba i-Soyuz ayinazo izibambo ezivumela i-astronaut ukuthi inamathele emkhunjini ngaphandle.

Isimo esiwohlokayo esizungeze ukubambisana kweRussia-American sigcwele izihloko ezahlukahlukene, njengokuncintisana phakathi kwezinkampani zaseRussia kanye nomkhakha waseMelika ozimele. Embikweni waminyaka yonke oshicilelwe ekupheleni kuka-2018, i-Roscosmos isola i-SpaceX ngokuthi iyimbangela eyinhloko yezinkinga zezezimali ze-ejensi yaseRussia - ngemuva kwezijeziso zezomnotho kanye ne-ruble ebuthakathaka. Nokho, ngokungafanele, bathi inkinga enkulu ye-cosmonautics yaseRussia inkohlakalo enkulu kanye nokwebiwa kwesamba esikhulu.

Uyini lo mgodi?

Ukubuyela embuzweni wokubhobozwa komkhumbi... Kuyafaneleka ukukhumbula ukuthi uDmitry Rogozin ekuqaleni wathi ukuvuza komkhumbi okusetshenziselwa ukuthutha ama-cosmonauts ku-ISS kwakubangelwa kakhulu ithonya langaphandle - micrometeorite. Ngabe sengisusa le nguqulo. Imininingwane evela ekuhlolweni kwe-Soyuz ngoDisemba ingase ikhombise ukubuyela kukho, kodwa uphenyo nophenyo akukakaqedwa. Asazi ukuthi iziphetho zokugcina zaseRussia zizoba yini, ngoba ama-cosmonauts ngokwabo azoba ngabokuqala ukuletha imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwabo eMhlabeni.