Yenza ngokwakho ukukhanya kwekhompuyutha esebhodini yemoto - uma kudingeka, imiyalelo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo

Isofthiwe elayishwe kuyunithi ye-elekthronikhi iqinisekisa ukusebenza kwayo, ngakho-ke kuya ngokuthi isofthiwe isebenze kanjani nokuthi izokwenza kanjani.

Ukuthuthukiswa kokukhiqizwa kwezimoto namakhompiyutha kuphoqa abanikazi bezimoto ukuthi bahambisane nesikhathi, ngezinye izikhathi okudinga ukukhanyisa kabusha ikhompuyutha esebhodini yemoto ukuze kubuyiselwe ukusebenza kwayo noma ukuyinika amandla okwenza imisebenzi ethile engajwayelekile.

Yini ikhompyutha ebhodini

Kuze kube manje, akukho ncazelo ecacile evamile eyamukelwayo yekhompiyutha esebhodini (BC, bortovik, carputer), ngakho-ke, amadivaysi amaningi amancane (amadivayisi) abizwa ngokuthi leli gama, okungukuthi:

• umzila (i-MK, i-minibus), eqapha imingcele yokusebenza eyinhloko, kusukela ku-mileage nokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, ekunqumeni indawo yemoto;
• iyunithi yokulawula ye-elekthronikhi (ECU) yamanye amayunithi, isibonelo, injini noma ukudlulisa okuzenzakalelayo;
• isevisi (umsizi), ngokuvamile okuyingxenye yesistimu eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ibonisa kuphela idatha etholwe kuyunithi eyinhloko yekhompyutha yokulawula noma yenza ukuxilonga okwenziwe lula;
• ukulawula - into eyinhloko yesistimu yokulawula yawo wonke amayunithi ezimoto zanamuhla, ezihlanganisa amadivaysi amaningana e-microprocessor ahlanganiswe kunethiwekhi eyodwa.

Ngokwakho noma kusevisi yemoto evamile, ungakwazi ukukhanyisa kabusha (uhlelo kabusha) kuphela i-MK, ngoba ukuphazamiseka kwesofthiwe (isofthiwe, isofthiwe) yamanye amadivaysi kuzoholela kuphela ezinkingeni ezinkulu ngemoto.

Ikhompyutha ebhodini

Ukuze ulayishe i-firmware entsha kwezinye izinhlobo ze-BC, awudingi kuphela imishini ekhethekile, kodwa futhi uchwepheshe owazi kahle zonke izinhlelo zezimoto ze-elekthronikhi, futhi okwazi ukuzilungisa nokuzilungiselela.

Yini isofthiwe

Noma iyiphi idivayisi ye-elekthronikhi iyisethi yezingxenye ezixhunyiwe ngendlela ethile, evumela ukuthi yenze imisebenzi elula ye-arithmetic, kodwa ukuze kuxazululwe imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi, kuyadingeka ukucacisa (ukugcwalisa, ukukhanya) inqubo efanele kubo. Lokhu sizokuchaza sisebenzisa isibonelo sokunquma ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli.

Injini ye-ECU iphenya izinzwa ezihlukahlukene ukuze inqume indlela yokusebenza kwemoto kanye nezinhloso zomshayeli, ifake yonke le mininingwane. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngokulandela i-algorithm ebekwe ku-firmware yayo, inquma inani eliphelele likaphethiloli wale ndlela yokusebenza kanye nesikhathi sokujova uphethiloli esihambisanayo.

Ngenxa yokuthi ingcindezi kumzila we-fuel isekelwa i-fuel fuel kanye ne-valve yokunciphisa ingcindezi, isezingeni elifanayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyiphi indlela yokusebenza kweyunithi yamandla. Inani lokucindezela libhalwe ku-algorithm egcwaliswe ku-ECU, kodwa, kwezinye izimoto, iyunithi yokulawula ithola amasignali kusuka kunzwa eyengeziwe eqapha le parameter. Umsebenzi onjalo awugcini nje ukuthuthukisa ukulawula ukusebenza kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi (ICE), kodwa futhi ibona ukungasebenzi kahle kulayini kaphethiloli, enikeza isignali kumshayeli futhi imnxusa ukuthi ahlole lesi simiso.

Inani le-oksijini elingena kumasilinda linqunywa inzwa yokugeleza komoya enkulu (DMRV), futhi isilinganiso esifanele sengxube yamafutha omoya kumodi ngayinye ibhalwe ku-firmware ye-ECU. Okusho ukuthi, idivayisi, ngokusekelwe kudatha etholiwe kanye ne-algorithms ethungelwe kuyo, idinga ukubala isikhathi sokuvula esilungile se-nozzle ngayinye, bese, futhi, isebenzisa amasignali avela kuzinzwa ezihlukahlukene, inqume ukuthi injini icubungule kahle kangakanani uphethiloli nokuthi noma iyiphi ipharamitha idinga ukulungiswa. Uma konke kujwayelekile, i-ECU, enemvamisa ethile, ikhiqiza isignali yedijithali echaza inani likaphethiloli elisetshenziswe kumjikelezo ngamunye.

IMisa air flow inzwa

I-MK, ithole lesi siginali futhi iqoqa ukufundwa kusuka ezingeni likaphethiloli nezinzwa zejubane, icubungula ngokuya ngohlelo olulayishwe kuyo. Ngemva kokuthola amasignali avela kunzwa yesivinini semoto, umhleli womzila, esebenzisa ifomula efanelekile efakwe ku-firmware yawo, unquma ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli ngeyunithi ngayinye yesikhathi noma ibanga elithile. Ngemva kokuthola ulwazi kwinzwa yezinga likaphethiloli ethangini, i-MK inquma ukuthi uphethiloli osele uzohlala kude kangakanani. Ezimotweni eziningi, umshayeli angakhetha imodi yokubonisa idatha elula kakhulu, ngemva kwalokho umphathi womzila ahumushe ulwazi olulungele ukukhishwa lube ngefomethi ekahle kakhulu yomshayeli, isibonelo:

• inani lamalitha ngekhilomitha elingu-100;
• inani lamakhilomitha ngelitha ngalinye likaphethiloli (le fomethi ivame ukutholakala ezimotweni zaseJapan);
• ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli ngesikhathi sangempela;
• ukusetshenziswa okumaphakathi kwesikhathi esithile noma ukugijima kwebanga.

Yonke le misebenzi iwumphumela we-firmware, okungukuthi, isoftware yekhompyutha. Uma ukhanyisa kabusha idivayisi, ungayinika imisebenzi emisha noma ushintshe okuthile ekusetshenzisweni kwemidala.

Kungani udinga ukukhanya

Isofthiwe elayishwe kuyunithi ye-elekthronikhi iqinisekisa ukusebenza kwayo, ngakho-ke kuya ngokuthi isofthiwe isebenze kanjani nokuthi izokwenza kanjani. Ku-BC yamamodeli aphelelwe yisikhathi, ngenxa yeminyaka eminingi yokusebenza, kungenzeka ukuveza izici ezifihliwe ezidinga ukunxeshezelwa ngandlela thize uma zinegethivu, noma zingasetshenziswa uma zivuma. Njengoba lezi zici ezifihliwe zitholwa, kuyadingeka ukwenza izinguquko ku-firmware yesitoko sedivayisi, ukhiphe izinguqulo ezintsha zesoftware ekhanyayo ukuze wenze ikhaputer ithembeke futhi isebenze kahle.

Njenganoma iyiphi enye idivayisi, ikhompuyutha esebhodini ibonakala ezintweni zangaphandle, njengokwenyuka kwamandla, okungalimaza uhlelo olulayishwe kuyo, ngenxa yokuthi ukusebenza kwayo kuphazamiseka. Uma ukuxilongwa kungabonakali umonakalo ezingxenyeni ze-elekthronikhi noma zikagesi zeyunithi, khona-ke inkinga iku-software futhi bathi ngesimo esinjalo - i-firmware indiza.

Ukuphela kwendlela yokuphuma kulesi simo ukulayisha isofthiwe entsha yenguqulo efanayo noma yakamuva, ebuyisela ngokuphelele ukusebenza kweyunithi.

Esinye isizathu sokwenza lo msebenzi isidingo sokushintsha indlela yokusebenza yedivayisi noma uhlelo olulawulayo. Isibonelo, ukukhanya (ukuhlelwa kabusha) injini ye-ECU ishintsha izici zayo, isibonelo, amandla, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, njll. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi uma umnikazi wemoto enganelisekile ngezilungiselelo ezijwayelekile, ngoba azihambisani nokushayela kwakhe. isitayela.

Izimiso ezijwayelekile zokukhanyisa

Ikhompuyutha yemoto ngayinye inekhono lokubuyekeza noma lokushintsha isofthiwe, futhi lonke ulwazi oludingekayo kulokhu luza ngothintana naye ohambisanayo webhulokhi ye-plug-in. Ngakho-ke, ukuze ukhanyise uzodinga:

• ikhompyutha yomuntu siqu (i-PC) noma i-laptop enohlelo olufanele;
• I-adaptha ye-USB;
• ikhebula ngesixhumi esifanele.

BC isibuyekezo nge-laptop

Lapho yonke imishini isilungile, kanye nesoftware efanelekile ekhethiwe, kusasele ukukhetha ukuthi ungakhanyisa kanjani ikhompyutha esebhodini yemoto - gcwalisa ngokuphelele uhlelo olusha noma uhlele lokho osekuvele ukhona, uguqule amanani. namafomula kuwo. Indlela yokuqala ikuvumela ukuthi ukhulise amakhono we-carputer, eyesibili ilungisa kuphela ukusebenza kwayo ngaphakathi kwe-algorithm ecacisiwe.

Isibonelo esisodwa sokukhanyisa ikhompuyutha esebhodini ukushintsha ulimi lokubonisa, okubaluleke kakhulu uma imoto yakhiwe kwamanye amazwe bese ithunyelwa eRussia. Ngokwesibonelo, ezimotweni zaseJapane, lonke ulwazi luboniswa ngama-hieroglyphs, ezimotweni zaseJalimane ngesiLatini, okungukuthi, umuntu ongakhulumi lolu limi ngeke azuze olwazini olubonisiwe. Ukulayisha isofthiwe efanele kuqeda inkinga futhi i-bortovik iqala ukubonisa ulwazi ngesiRashiya, kuyilapho eminye imisebenzi yayo igcinwa ngokugcwele.

Esinye isibonelo ukuhlela kabusha injini ECU, eshintsha indlela yokusebenza injini. I-firmware yekhompuyutha entsha esebhodini ingakhuphula amandla enjini nokusabela, yenze imoto ibe yimidlalo eyengeziwe, noma okuphambene nalokho, inciphise ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, ivimbele imoto ekushintshashintsheni nasekuziphatheni okunonya.

Noma yikuphi ukukhanya kwenzeka ngokunikezwa kolwazi koxhumana naye wedatha we-carputer, ngoba lokhu kuyinqubo evamile enikezwa umenzi. Kodwa, naphezu kwendlela evamile, izindlela zokushintsha i-firmware ye-BC ngayinye zizimele futhi zisekelwe ezincomo zomkhiqizi wale divayisi. Ngakho-ke, i-algorithm evamile yezenzo iyafana, kodwa isofthiwe kanye nokuhleleka kokulayisha kwayo kukodwa kumodeli ngayinye yedivayisi esebhodini.

Ngezinye izikhathi ukukhanya kubizwa ngokuthi i-chip tuning, kodwa lokhu akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele. Phela, i-chip tuning iwuhlu oluphelele lwezinyathelo ezihloselwe ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwemoto, futhi ukuhlela kabusha imoto esebhodini kuyingxenye yayo kuphela. Mhlawumbe, ukulayisha isofthiwe efanele kwanele ukufeza umphumela oyifunayo, kodwa ubukhulu bungafinyelelwa kuphela ngesethi yezinyathelo.

Ungalutholaphi uhlelo lokukhanyisa

Uma kuqhathaniswa namakhompiyutha omuntu siqu, amakhompyutha asebhodi anesakhiwo esenziwe lula kakhulu futhi "ukuqonda" izinhlelo kuphela ezibhalwe ngamakhodi omshini, okungukuthi, izilimi zokuhlela zezinga eliphansi kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, iningi labahleli bezinhlelo zesimanje abakwazi ukubhala isoftware ngokufanele, ngoba ngaphezu kwamakhono okubhala amakhodi ezingeni eliphansi kangako, nokuqonda izinqubo ezizothinta le divayisi kuyadingeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlanganisa noma ukushintsha i-firmware yanoma iyiphi i-ECU kudinga ulwazi olunzulu kakhulu, okuhlanganisa izindawo ezihlukahlukene ze-physics ne-chemistry, ngakho-ke abambalwa kuphela abangakha i-firmware yekhwalithi ephezulu kusukela ekuqaleni noma ngokufanele bashintshe ekhona.

Uma ufuna ukukhanyisa kabusha ikhompuyutha esebhodini yemoto, bese uthenge uhlelo lwayo ezitudiyo zokushuna ezaziwayo noma izinkundla zokusebenzela ezinikeza isiqinisekiso sesofthiwe. Ungasebenzisa isofthiwe etholakala ngokukhululekile kumasayithi ahlukahlukene, kodwa isofthiwe enjalo iphelelwe yisikhathi futhi ayisebenzi kahle, ngaphandle kwalokho umbhali uzoyithengisa.

 

Ukuvuselelwa kwesoftware ku-workshop

Enye indawo lapho ungathola khona isofthiwe efanelekayo yokukhanyisa zonke izinhlobo zezinkundla zabanikazi bezimoto, lapho abasebenzisi bexoxa ngezimoto zabo nakho konke okuhlobene nabo. Inzuzo yale ndlela yikhono lokuthola impendulo yangempela kulabo abaye bahlola i-firmware entsha emotweni yabo futhi bayihlola. Uma ungumsebenzisi wenkundla enjalo, ngakho-ke ngezinga eliphezulu lokungenzeka ngeke nje usizwe ukukhetha isofthiwe entsha yesitolo sakho sokubheja, kodwa futhi uzothintwa mayelana nokuyilayisha.

Zithunge wena noma uphathise uchwepheshe

Uma okungenani unolwazi oluncane ekuhleleni izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi kanye nesofthiwe ehambisanayo, khona-ke ukukhanya kwekhompiyutha yemoto ebhodini ngeke kukubangele ubunzima, ngoba i-algorithm evamile yezenzo iyafana kunoma iyiphi idivayisi. Uma ungenayo isipiliyoni esinjalo, sincoma ukuthi ugcwalise ukugcwaliswa kohlelo olusha kuchwepheshe, ngaphandle kwalokho maningi amathuba okuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle futhi, esimweni esihle kakhulu, kuzodingeka ukhanyise kabusha i-carputer, futhi Okubi kakhulu, ukulungiswa kwemoto okuyinkimbinkimbi kuyodingeka.

Khumbula, naphezu kwe-algorithm evamile yezenzo, ukuhlelwa kabusha kwamabhulokhi ahlukene ngisho nasemotweni efanayo kwenzeka ngomehluko omkhulu kokubili kusofthiwe kanye nokusebenza kwezenzo ezithile. Ngakho-ke, yini esebenzayo ku-Shtat MK yesizukulwane sokuqala somndeni wakwa-VAZ Samara (amamodeli we-injector 2108-21099) ngeke asebenze ku-carputer wenkampani efanayo, kodwa ehloselwe i-Vesta.

Funda futhi: I-Autonomous heater emotweni: ukuhlukaniswa, ukuthi ungayifaka kanjani ngokwakho

Ungayikhanyisa kanjani i-BC ngokwakho

Nansi inqubo ezokusiza ukuthi ukhanyise kabusha ikhompuyutha esebhodini yemoto, ukusuka kumayunithi okulawula injini kuye ku-MK noma kumadivayisi wesevisi:

• nqamula ibhethri bese ukhipha idivayisi emotweni;
• kuwebhusayithi yomkhiqizi noma izinkundla ezizenzakalelayo, thola imiyalelo yokukhanyisa le modeli yedivayisi kanye nale modeli yemoto;
• landa i-firmware nezinhlelo ezengeziwe ezizodingeka ukuze uzifake futhi uzilungiselele;
• thenga noma uzenzele eyakho imishini edingekayo;
• ngokulandela imiyalelo, xhuma i-BC ku-PC noma i-laptop (ngezinye izikhathi basebenzisa amaphilisi noma ama-smartphone, kodwa lokhu akulula kakhulu);
• ngokulandela izincomo, layisha (flash) isofthiwe entsha;
• faka iyunithi ye-elekthronikhi emotweni futhi uhlole ukusebenza kwayo;
• lungisa uma kunesidingo.

Khumbula, lapho ukhanyisa, noma isiphi isinyathelo esingasekelwe emibhalweni yezobuchwepheshe yeyunithi ye-elekthronikhi ekhethiwe kuphela siholela ekulimazeni noma ekuhlulekeni kwayo, ngakho-ke khetha izincomo ezibekwe kuwebhusayithi yomkhiqizi.

Ukuzikhanyisa

Ukuze ukhanyise amanye amadivaysi asebhodini, kuyadingeka ukudayisa i-chip ROM (idivayisi yememori efundwayo kuphela), ngoba ukusula ulwazi kuyo kungenzeka kuphela ngemisebe ye-ultraviolet noma enye indlela engahlobene namakhodi edijithali. Umsebenzi onjalo kufanele wenziwe kuphela uchwepheshe onamakhono afanele kanye nemishini.

isiphetho

Njengoba kuyisoftware enquma yonke imingcele yokusebenza kwedivayisi ehlukile ye-elekthronikhi, kodwa futhi nemoto iyonke, ukukhanya kwekhompiyutha esebhodini kubuyisela ukusebenza kwayo okujwayelekile noma kuthuthukisa ukusebenza. Kodwa-ke, ukulayisha uhlelo olusha akubandakanyi nje ukudiliza iyunithi emotweni, kodwa futhi nokusebenzisa imishini ekhethekile, futhi noma yiliphi iphutha lingaholela kukho kokubili ukungasebenzi kahle kwedivayisi kanye nokuwohloka okukhulu kwemoto.

Zenzele ngokwakho i-firmware (i-chip tuning) yemoto