I-front ukumiswa imoto - izinhlobo zayo, izinzuzo zabo kanye nebubi.

Abashayeli bajwayele ukwazi ukuthi hlobo luni lwenjini abanalo ngaphansi kwesivalo. Kodwa mancane amathuba okuthi bazi ukuthi imoto yabo ine-suspension enjani njengokuthi i-axle yangaphambili.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ngokuyisisekelo zokumiswa: okuncikile, okuzimele. Esimweni sokuqala, amasondo emoto ayasebenzisana. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ahlanganiswe nesici esifanayo. Ekumisweni okuzimele, isondo ngalinye lixhunywe ezingxenyeni ezihlukene.

Ezimotweni zanamuhla, akukho ukumiswa okuncikile ku-axle yangaphambili. Nokho, isetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwama-ekseli angemuva kwamanye amaSUV. Kodwa-ke, ukumiswa okuzimele kusetshenziswa kabanzi futhi kuthuthukiswa ngokwandayo.

Kukhona nohlobo lwesithathu lokumiswa - oluncike ku-semi-dependent, lapho amasondo e-axle enikeziwe asebenzisana kuphela ngokwengxenye. Kodwa-ke, ekwakhiweni kwezimoto ezikhiqizwa namuhla, isixazululo esinjalo ekumisweni kwangaphambili asikho nhlobo.

Amakholomu kaMcPherson

Idizayini evamile yokumiswa ngaphambili yiMacPherson strut. Umsunguli wabo kwakungunjiniyela waseMelika u-Earl Steel MacPherson, owayesebenzela iGeneral Motors. Ngokushesha ngemva kokuphela kweMpi Yezwe II, waba nelungelo lobunikazi imodeli ukumiswa phambi Chevrolet Kadet. Lesi sakhiwo saqanjwa ngaye.

Izipikha ze-MacPherson zifaka umklamo ohlangene, ohlangene. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, zisebenza kahle kakhulu, yingakho ziyisixazululo esivame kakhulu ekwakhiweni kokumiswa kwangaphambili.

Kulesi sixazululo, isiphethu sifakwe ku-absorber shock, futhi emhlanganweni onjalo bakha into engaguquki. I-damper ayisebenzi nje njengendawo yokunciphisa ukudlidliza. Iphinde iqondise isondo ngokuxhuma indawo engaphezulu yequpha lokuqondisa (ingxenye ye-suspension) emzimbeni. Yonke le nto yenziwa ngendlela yokuthi i-shock absorber ikwazi ukuzungeza i-axis yayo.

Funda futhi Ama-Shock absorbers - kanjani futhi kungani kufanele uwanakekele. Umhlahlandlela 

Ingxenye engezansi ye-knuckle yokuqondisa, ngokuphambene nalokho, ixhunywe ku-lever transverse transverse, esebenza njengesici somhlahlandlela, i.e. kunomthelela omkhulu ekuziphatheni kwemoto uma isongwa.

Kunezinzuzo eziningi zokusebenzisa i-MacPherson struts. Ngaphezu kokuba icwecwe kakhulu futhi engasindi, lo mklamo ubuye ngempumelelo kakhulu. Iphinde iqinisekise ukuqina kwamabhuleki kanye ne-parallel steering naphezu kohambo olukhulu lokumiswa. Kushibhile futhi ukuyikhiqiza.

Kukhona nokubi. Ububi obuyinhloko ukudluliswa kokudlidliza okuphawulekayo kusuka phansi kanye nokungqongqoza kusuka ohlelweni lokuqondisa. Ama-MacPherson struts nawo anciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamasondo abanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abawabekezeleli amasondo alinganisiwe ngendlela engafanele, ukuphuma kwe-lateral okuzwakala ngendlela engathandeki ekamelweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, banesakhiwo esithambile, esivame ukulimala lapho sisetshenziswa endaweni esezingeni eliphansi.

Ukumiswa kwezixhumanisi eziningi

Uhlobo lwesibili nolujwayeleke kakhulu lokumiswa ku-axle yangaphambili ukumiswa kwe-multi-link. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ezimotweni ezisezingeni eliphezulu, lapho kugcizelelwa khona ukushayela ukunethezeka.

Njengoba igama lisho, ukumiswa kwezixhumanisi eziningi kuhlanganisa yonke inhlanganisela yezingalo ezilengayo: i-longitudinal, transverse, inclined kanye nezinduku.

Isisekelo somklamo ngokuvamile siwukusetshenziswa kwengalo engezansi elandelanayo nezinduku ezimbili eziphambanayo. I-shock absorber ene-spring ixhunywe engalweni ye-rocker engezansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le yunithi nayo ine-fishbone ephezulu. Okubalulekile wukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinzwane kanye nama-angles e-camber ashintsha kancane ngangokunokwenzeka ngaphansi kwethonya lezinguquko emthwalweni wemoto nokuhamba kwayo.

Bheka futhi ukumiswa kwe-coilover. Inikezani futhi ibiza malini? Umhlahlandlela 

Ukumiswa kwezixhumanisi eziningi kunemingcele emihle kakhulu. Inikeza kokubili ukushayela okunembile kanye nokunethezeka kokushayela okuphezulu. Iphinde iqede ngempumelelo lokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-dive yezimoto.

Kodwa-ke, ukungalungi okuyinhloko kwalolu hlobo lokumiswa kuhlanganisa ukuklama kwayo okuyinkimbinkimbi nokugcinwa okulandelayo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izixazululo ezinjalo zivame ukutholakala kumamodeli ezimoto abiza kakhulu.

Umbono kamakhenikha

UShimon Ratsevich kusuka ku-Tricity:

- Uma siqhathanisa i-MacPherson struts kanye nokumiswa kwezixhumanisi eziningi, khona-ke isisombululo sokugcina singcono kakhulu. Kodwa njengoba iqukethe inani elikhulu lezingxenye ezisebenza ndawonye, ​​kubiza kakhulu ukukhanda. Ngakho-ke, ngisho nokungasebenzi kahle kwalesi simiso kufanele kutholakale ngokushesha futhi kuqedwe. Ukwehluleka ukuthobela lokhu kuholela ekuphenduleni kweketango, ngoba, isibonelo, umunwe we-rocker ogugile uzogcina uholele ekuhlulekeni kwayo yonke ingalo ye-rocker, okwenza kube kubi kakhulu ukunethezeka nokuphepha kokushayela, futhi kwandise izindleko zokulungisa. Yebo, uma usebenzisa imoto, kunzima ukuzungeza yonke imigodi emgwaqeni noma okunye okungahambi kahle. Kodwa uma kungenzeka, zama ukuqaphela ukuthi ungakulayishi ngokweqile ukumiswa kokumiswa kungenasidingo. Isibonelo, ake sishayele ngokucophelela kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi amaphoyisa amanga. Ngiyaye ngibone abashayeli abaningi benqoba lezi zingqinamba budedengu. 

Wojciech Frölichowski