Obaba baseSilicon Valley - uHewlett noPackard
Uma ekhona ofanelwe ukuba amavulandlela eSilicon Valley yaseCalifornia, impela yilaba banumzane ababili (1). Kuvela kubo kanye nomsebenzi wabo, u-Hewlett-Packard, lapho kufika umqondo ojwayelekile wokuqalisa kobuchwepheshe obuqala egaraji. Ngoba empeleni baqala egaraji, kuze kube yilolu suku, elithengwe futhi lavuselelwa yi-HP, limi njengendawo eheha izivakashi e-Palo Alto.
I-CV: UWilliam Redington Hewlett David Packard
Usuku lokuzalwa: Hewlett - 20.05.1913/12.01.2001/07.09.1912 (Kulungiswe 26.03.1996/XNUMX/XNUMX) David Packard - XNUMX/XNUMX/XNUMX (Kulungiswe XNUMX/XNUMX/XNUMX)
Ubuzwe: American
Isimo somndeni: U-Hewlett - oshadile, izingane ezinhlanu; Packard - oshadile, izingane ezine
Inhlanhla: bobabili babene-HP elinganiselwa ku-$XNUMX billion ngesikhathi beshona
Imfundo: Hewlett - Lowell High School eSan Francisco, Stanford University; Packard - Centennial High School e-Pueblo, Colorado, Stanford University
Okuhlangenwe nakho: Abasunguli beHewlett-Packard kanye namalungu esikhathi eside obuholi (ezikhundleni ezehlukene)
Izimpumelelo ezengeziwe: abamukeli Bendondo Yabasunguli be-IEEE kanye neminye imiklomelo eminingi nokwehlukaniswa kwezobuchwepheshe; U-Packard uphinde waklonyeliswa Ngendondo Yenkululeko Kamongameli wase-US futhi wabhaliswa esinye sezizinda zokuqala ze-inthanethi, i-HP.com.
Izintshisekelo: I-Hewlett - inqubo; I-Packard - izindlela ezintsha zokuphatha inkampani, isisa
Abasunguli be-HP - UDave Packard noWilliam "Bill" Hewlett - Bahlangana eNyuvesi yaseStanford, lapho ngawo-30, iqembu elaliholwa nguProfesa Frederick Terman laklama imishini yokuqala kagesi.
Basebenza ndawonye kahle, ngakho ngemva kokufunda enyuvesi banquma ukuqala ukukhiqiza amajeneretha omsindo anembile egaraji likaHewlett.
Ngo-January 1939 basungula inkampani ngokuhlanganyela Hewlett-Packard. Ijeneretha yomsindo ye-HP200A bekuyiphrojekthi enenzuzo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwesibani njengesivimbeli kuma-elementi esekethe angukhiye kwasho ukuthi umkhiqizo ungathengiswa ngemali engaphansi kakhulu kunaleyo yezimbangi ezifanayo.
Kwanele ukusho ukuthi i-HP200A ibiza u-$54,40, kuyilapho ama-oscillator enkampani yangaphandle abiza okungenani ngokuphindwe kane kunalokho.
Bobabili abanumzane basheshe bathola iklayenti lomkhiqizo wabo, njengoba i-Walt Disney Company isebenzisa okokusebenza abaklame ekukhiqizeni ifilimu edumile ethi "Fantasy".
Isiko lesigodi
Ngokusobala, ukuhleleka kwamagama egameni lenkampani bekufanele kunqunywe ngokuphonsa uhlamvu lwemali. UPackard uwinile kodwa wagcina evumile ukuthatha izintambo Hewlett. Ekhumbula ukuqala kwale nkampani uPackard uthe ngaleso sikhathi babengenawo umcabango ongabaholela ekutheni bacebe ngaleli phuzu.
Kunalokho, babecabanga ngokuhlinzeka ngezinto ezazingakangeni emakethe, kodwa ezazidingeka. Phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, kwavezwa ukuthi uhulumeni wase-US wawufuna amajeneretha nama-voltmeter bobabili la madoda ayengawakhiqiza. Bathola ama-oda.
Ukusebenzisana nebutho kwaphumelela futhi kwathela kangangokuthi kamuva, ngo-1969, UPackard wayishiya isikhashana inkampani wayosebenza njengePhini likaNobhala Wezokuvikela ekuphathweni kukaMongameli uRichard Nixon.
Kusukela ekuqaleni kokuba khona kwayo, u-HP Dave Packard uye wasebenza ngokukhethekile emisebenzini ehlobene nokuphathwa kwenkampani, kuyilapho uWilliam Hewlett egxile ohlangothini lwezobuchwepheshe ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni.
Kakade eminyakeni yempi, uPackard engekho Hewlett, owayeqede inkonzo yezempi, wazama ukuhlela umsebenzi enkampanini. Washiya isimiso somsebenzi esiqinile futhi wanikeza izisebenzi inkululeko eyengeziwe. Ubuholi enkampanini baqala ukukhuphuka, ibanga phakathi kwabaphathi nabasebenzi lancipha.
Kwazalwa isiko elithile lebhizinisi leSilicon Valley, uHewlett kanye Packard wayengumsunguli, futhi abadali bakhe babebhekwa njengobaba. Iminyaka eminingi, i-HP ikhiqize ikakhulukazi izisetshenziswa zikagesi zabakhiqizi bezinto zikagesi kanye nezikhungo zocwaningo nentuthuko.
Okokuqala, kwakuyimishini yokulinganisa ephezulu - ama-oscilloscopes, ama-voltmeters, ama-spectrum analyzers, ama-generator ezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene. Inkampani inezimpumelelo eziningi kulo mkhakha, yethule izixazululo eziningi ezintsha kanye nokusunguliwe okunelungelo lobunikazi.
Imishini yokukala yenzelwe imvamisa ephezulu (okubandakanya i-microwave), i-semiconductor kanye nobuchwepheshe besekethe obuhlanganisiwe. Bekunemihlangano yokucobelelana ngolwazi ehlukene yokukhiqiza izingxenye ze-microwave, ama-semiconductors, okuhlanganisa amasekethe ahlanganisiwe nama-microprocessors, nama-optoelectronics.
Ama-workshops adalwe ukukhiqizwa kwemishini yezokwelapha ye-elekthronikhi (isibonelo, iziqapha zenhliziyo noma i-electrocardiographs), kanye nemishini yokulinganisa nokuhlaziya izidingo zesayensi, isibonelo. igesi, i-liquid kanye ne-mass spectrometers. Amakhasimende enkampani angamalabhorethri amakhulu nezikhungo zocwaningo, okuhlanganisa i-NASA, i-DARPA, i-MIT ne-CERN.
Ngo-1957, amasheya enkampani afakwa ohlwini lweNew York Stock Exchange. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, i-HP ibambisene ne-Sony yase-Japan kanye ne-Yokogawa Electric ukuze bathuthukise futhi bakhe imikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi yekhwalithi ephezulu emakethe yabathengi.
“Esikhathini esisukela ku-1955 kuya ku-1965. Hewlett-Packard cishe kwakuyinkampani enkulu emlandweni,” kusho uMichael S. Malone, umbhali wezincwadi ezikhuluma ngamaqhawe aseSilicon Valley (3). "Babenezinga elifanayo lokuqanjwa kabusha i-Apple ebenalo kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, futhi ngasikhathi sinye bekuyinkampani esebenzela abasebenzi kakhulu e-United States enesimilo esiphakeme kakhulu."
1. UDave Packard omdala noBill Hewlett
3. UWilliam Hewlett noDavid Packard ngeminyaka yama-50s.
Amakhompyutha noma izibali
Engxenyeni yesibili yama-60s, i-HP yagxila emakethe yamakhompiyutha. Ngo-1966, kwasungulwa ikhompyutha ye-HP 2116A (4), eyayisetshenziselwa ukulawula ukusebenza kwezinsimbi zokulinganisa. Ngemva kweminyaka emibili, wabonakala emakethe. Hewlett-Packard 9100A, okwathi eminyakeni eminingi kamuva yaqanjwa ikhompyutha yomuntu siqu yokuqala ngumagazini iWired (6).
6. Ikhompyutha yesibali ye-Hewlett-Packard 9100A
Nokho, umenzi ngokwakhe akazange akuchaze kanjalo, ebiza umshini ngokubala. “Uma besiyibiza ngekhompyutha, amakhasimende ethu angochwepheshe bekhompyutha bebengeke ayithande ngoba ibingafani ne-IBM,” kuchaza uHewlett ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ifakwe imonitha, iphrinta kanye nenkumbulo kazibuthe, i-9100A ngokomqondo yayingahlukile kakhulu kuma-PC esiwajwayele namuhla. Ikhompyutha yomuntu siqu "yangempela". Hewlett-Packard nokho, akazange ayikhiqize kwaze kwaba ngu-1980. Akazange abe nempumelelo.
Umshini wawungahambisani nezinga le-IBM PC elalibusa ngaleso sikhathi. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuzange kuvimbele inkampani ukuthi yenze imizamo eyengeziwe emakethe yamakhompiyutha. Iqiniso elijabulisayo ukuthi ngo-1976 inkampani yawubukela phansi umfanekiso wedeskithophu eyafika nawo...
USteve Wozniak. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, wasungula i-Apple noSteve Jobs, okwathi, eneminyaka eyishumi nambili, uWilliam Hewlett ngokwakhe walinganisa njengengane enekhono ngokwedlulele! "Omunye uyawina, omunye uyahlulwa," u-Hewlett kamuva waphawula ngokuhamba kukaWozniak kanye nokushoda kwebhizinisi okusobala kwabangaphansi kwakhe.
Emkhakheni wamakhompyutha, i-HP ivumele i-Apple ukuthi idlule. Nokho, kuqala U-Hewlett-Packard esigabeni sokubala ephaketheni, akekho onemibuzo. Ngo-1972, umshini wokubala wokuqala wesayensi we-pocket HP-35 (2) wasungulwa.
Eminyakeni eyalandela, inkampani yathuthuka kancane kancane: i-pocket calculator ehlelekayo yokuqala kanye ne-alphanumeric calculator yokuqala ehlelekayo. Kwakungonjiniyela be-HP, kanye nozakwabo bakwaSony, abaletha emakethe i-floppy disk engu-3,5-intshi, eyayiyintsha ngaleso sikhathi futhi yashintsha indlela yokugcina izinto.
Abaphrinta U-Hewlett-Packard kubhekwa njengokungabhubhi. Le nkampani yabe isiqhudelana ngesikhundla somholi wemakethe ye-IT ne-IBM, iCompaq noDell. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungenzeka, kamuva i-HP yawina imakethe hhayi kuphela ngokusungulwa kwayo. Isibonelo, wathola ubuchwepheshe bokunyathelisa nge-laser ngeminyaka yama-70s enkampanini yaseJapane iCanon, engazange iwujabulele umbono wakhe.
Futhi yingakho, ngenxa yesinqumo esifanele sebhizinisi kanye nokufezeka kwamandla esixazululo esisha, i-HP manje isidume kakhulu emakethe yephrinta yekhompyutha. Kusukela ngo-1984, wethula i-HP ThinkJet, iphrinta yomuntu siqu engabizi, futhi eminyakeni emine kamuva, i-HP DeskJet.
2. HP-35 wokubala 1972.
4. 2116A - Ikhompyutha yokuqala ka-Hewlett-Packard
Hlukanisa futhi uhlanganise
Ngenxa yesenzo esithathwe yiziphathimandla ngokumelene nenkampani ngamacala ezenzo ze-monopolistic, inkampani yahlukaniswa ngo-1999 futhi inkampani ezimele, i-Agilent Technologies, yadalwa ukuze ithathe ukukhiqizwa okungezona ikhompyutha.
Namuhla Hewlett-Packard ikakhulukazi umkhiqizi wamaphrinta, izikena, amakhamera edijithali, amakhompyutha aphathwayo, amaseva, izindawo zokusebenza zamakhompiyutha, namakhompyutha wasekhaya namabhizinisi amancane.
Amakhompuyutha amaningi omuntu siqu kanye nezincwadi zokubhalela kuphothifoliyo ye-HP zivela ku-Compaq, ehlanganiswe ne-HP ngo-2002, okuyenza yaba ngumenzi we-PC omkhulu kunawo wonke ngaleso sikhathi.
Unyaka wokusungulwa kwe-Agilent Technologies U-Hewlett-Packard ibibiza izigidigidi eziyisi-8 zamarandi futhi yayinemisebenzi engu-47. abantu. Ngokushesha (futhi) yafakwa ohlwini lwe-stock exchange futhi yaqashelwa njengesiqalo esikhulu kunazo zonke e-Silicon Valley.
Uthuli?
Ngawo lowo nyaka, uCarly Fiorina, oyi-CEO yokuqala yesifazane ezinkampanini ezinkulu zomphakathi zase-US, wathatha ukulawula kwekomkhulu lebhizinisi lePalo Alto. Ngeshwa, lokhu kwenzeke ngesikhathi senhlekelele yezomnotho edalwe ukuqhuma kwebhamuza le-inthanethi.
5. I-Hewlett-Packard Research Centre eFrance
Iphinde yagxekwa ngokuhlangana kwayo neCompaq, ngesikhathi kuvela ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa kwezinkampani ezimbili ezinamandla kubangele izinkinga ezinkulu zenhlangano esikhundleni sokonga.
Lokhu kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba ngu-2005, lapho abaphathi benkampani bemcela ukuba esule.
Kusukela lapho sebenza UHewlett noPackard bhekana nenjabulo eshintshayo. Ngemuva kwale nkinga, isikhulu esisha uMark Hurd wethula i-draconian austerity, ethuthukise imiphumela yenkampani.
Lokhu kwakamuva, nokho, kubambe kahle ezimakethe zendabuko, kuqopha okunye ukwehluleka okumangazayo ezindaweni ezintsha - lokhu kuqede, ngokwesibonelo, umzamo wokungena emakethe yamathebulethi.
Eminyakeni yamuva, inkampani ishintshe abaphathi bayo kabili, ngaphandle kokuzuza imiphumela elindelekile. Okuningi okukhulunywayo kamuva nje ukuthi i-HP ifuna ukuphuma emakethe ye-PC, njenge-IBM, eyaqala yaphuma ibhizinisi layo le-PC yase ilidayisela iLenovo.
Kodwa-ke, izibukeli eziningi zomsebenzi we-Silicon Valley zithi imithombo yezinkinga ze-HP kumele ilandelelwe emuva esikhathini esingaphambi kwalokho kunezenzo ezinonya zabaphathi bakamuva. Kakade ngaphambili, ngawo-90s, inkampani yathuthukiswa ikakhulukazi ngokusebenza kwebhizinisi, ukutholwa kanye nokwehliswa kwezindleko, hhayi - njengakudala, phakathi nohulumeni. Packard nge Hewlett - ngokwakha izinto ezintsha ezidingwa abantu nezinkampani.
U-Hewlett noPackard bashona ngaphambi kokuba zonke izindaba ezingenhla ziqale ukwenzeka enkampanini yabo. Owokugcina washona ngo-1996, owokuqala washona ngo-2001. Ngaso leso sikhathi, isiko elithile, elilungele abasebenzi elinegama lendabuko, i-HP Way, laqala ukunyamalala enkampanini. Inganekwane isala. Futhi igaraji lamapulangwe lapho abasha ababili abathanda izinto zikagesi behlanganise amajeneretha abo okuqala.
