Izici Nezinzuzo Zokumiswa Kwezibuthe Zemoto
Okuqukethwe
Namuhla, ukumiswa kwemoto kagesi kuyaqhubeka nokucwengisiswa ochwepheshe abavela emhlabeni wonke, abazokwazi ukwenza ukuthi kufinyeleleke kumthengi jikelele, futhi abakhiqizi bezimoto abahamba phambili bazoqala ukusetshenziswa kwalolu buchwepheshe ezinhlobonhlobo zezimoto ezidumile.
Kusukela ekusungulweni kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi, ukumiswa kwezimoto akukashintshi kakhulu - sekuthuthukisiwe ngaphansi kwamaqiniso esikhathi samanje. I-electromagnetic suspension yemoto imele impumelelo yesakhiwo, kodwa edinga ukuthuthukiswa ukuze isetshenziswe ngobuningi.
Iyini i-electromagnetic car suspension
Indima eyenziwa yi-electromagnetic suspension yemoto ayifani ne-spring evamile, i-torsion, intwasahlobo noma i-pneumatic - ixhuma imoto nomgwaqo. Ngokungafani nokumiswa okujwayelekile, izizibuthe azinazo izingxenye zendabuko kanye nezingxenye: ama-absorber, izakhi zokuzinzisa, izinduku zokunwebeka.
Eklanyweni ene-electromagnetic suspension, isondo ngalinye lifakwe i-rack ekhethekile eyenza umsebenzi we-shock absorber kanye ne-elastic element ndawonye. Ulwazi ngenkathi ushayela kusuka emasondweni ingena eyunithi yokulawula kagesi, futhi ilawula ukumiswa ngokushesha. Konke okwenziwa izingxenye nezingxenye ekumisweni komshini kwenzeka ngaphansi kwethonya lensimu kazibuthe.
Indlela Ukumiswa Magnetic Kusebenza
Ucwaningo lwe-electromagnetic - ukusebenzisana kwezinkundla zikagesi nezizibuthe - kwaholela ososayensi emcabangweni wokudala imoto endizayo emoyeni. Ukusetshenziswa kwale ndlela kungathuthukisa izinto zokuhamba ngaphandle kwezingxenye ezingadingekile kanye nemihlangano. Namuhla, ubuchwepheshe obunjalo bungenzeka kuphela ezindabeni ezinhle, nakuba isimiso se-electromagnetism sisetshenziswe ekwakhiweni kokumiswa kwezimoto kusukela kuma-80s wekhulu lama-20.
Ukumiswa kweBose Electromagnetic
Umgomo wokusebenza kokumiswa kazibuthe kususelwa ekusetshenzisweni kwemoto kagesi eyenza imisebenzi emi-2:
- Dampeni noma uvimbele ukudlidliza. Ingxenye yokumiswa lapho ozibuthe bethonyana khona isebenza njengesibambisi sokushaqeka kanye ne-strut.
- Idlulisa i-torque isuka enjini iye emasondweni. Lapha, indawo yokuxosha izigxobo ezifanayo kazibuthe isetshenziswa, futhi iphrosesa yekhompiyutha isebenzisa ngempumelelo leli khono njengezinto ezinwebekayo, futhi ikwenza cishe umbani ngokushesha.
Ukumiswa kukaMazibuthe kusebenza kuyo yonke imoto kuphela, ngokungafani nokumiswa kwendabuko, lapho isimiso esisodwa singasetshenziswa ngaphambili nesinye ngemuva.
Izinzuzo nezingozi zama-pendants kazibuthe
Isici ngasinye somklamo sinezinzuzo kanye nokubi.
| Плюсы | Минусы |
| Uma engekho amandla kagesi, ukumiswa kazibuthe kuqala ukusebenza njengabalingani bemishini. | Izindleko eziphezulu kakhulu |
| Ukusabela okusheshayo kwesondo ngalinye ezinguqukweni ze-topography yomgwaqo. | |
| Inikeza ukushelela okufanayo kokunyakaza. | |
| Ukungahambi kahle kwethrekhi akuzwakali, njengama-pneumatics noma iziphethu, futhi uhlelo lubamba imoto, ukudlidliza okudambisayo nokumisa ama-rolls omzimba. | |
| Ukugibela okunethezekile kwawo wonke umuntu ohlezi ekhabetheni. | |
| Ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu kwamandla omshini ngokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi. |
Namuhla, ukumiswa kwemoto kagesi kuyaqhubeka nokucwengisiswa ochwepheshe abavela emhlabeni wonke, abazokwazi ukwenza ukuthi kufinyeleleke kumthengi jikelele, futhi abakhiqizi bezimoto abahamba phambili bazoqala ukusetshenziswa kwalolu buchwepheshe ezinhlobonhlobo zezimoto ezidumile.
Abakhiqizi abaphezulu
Imoto yokuqala ngeminyaka yawo-80s ku-cushion kazibuthe kwakuyisitimela sedolobha laseBerlin, noma i-maglev, isuka kusisho sesiNgisi esithi magnetic levitation. Isitimela empeleni santanta phezu kwe-monorail. Namuhla, ukuminyana kwamadolobha amakhulu anezakhiwo zengqalasizinda akukuvumeli ukusetshenziswa kwe-maglev ngesimo sayo sokuqala, kodwa kunezinhlelo zokuyivumelanisa nezitimela ezijwayelekile zesitimela ezitimeleni ezihlangana phakathi kwamadolobha nezitimela.
Embonini yezimoto, kusetshenziswa izinhlobo ezintathu zokumiswa kwe-electromagnetic.
Ukumiswa kwe-electromagnetic kwezimoto
Bose
Iphayona ekusungulweni kokumiswa kazibuthe kwakungusosayensi waseMelika kanye nosomabhizinisi u-Amar Bowes. Njengoba ayehlanganyela ekuthuthukisweni emkhakheni wemisindo nomsakazo, ukumiswa kwakhe kusekelwe esimisweni esifanayo - ukunyakaza kwesici sokuqhuba endaweni yamagnetic. I-Bose pendant inokusetshenziswa okusabalele kakhulu kukho konke, ngenxa yobulula bayo. Idivayisi ifana nemininingwane yejeneretha kagesi esetshenziswe ngendlela yomugqa oqondile:
- omagnets abamise okwendandatho - stator;
- I-multipole bar uzibuthe - rotor.
Ukumiswa kwe-Bose kungasethwa ukuze kuthi lapho ushayela kuthrekhi enesici, amandla kagesi akhiqizwa kuyo futhi athunyelwe ebhethrini.
Delphi
Inhlangano yaseMelika yokuhlinzeka ngezingxenye ezitshalweni zeGeneral Motors ekukhiqizeni ukumiswa kukagesi kagesi isebenzisa umgomo wokulawuleka kwekhwalithi ephezulu ekuhambeni. Kule nguqulo, idivayisi ihlanganisa:
- ukushaqeka-ipayipi;
- uketshezi olunezinhlayiya ze-ferromagnetic ezimbozwe ngento ekhethekile evimbela ukunamathela;
- ipiston enethiphu elawula lonke uhlelo.
Inzuzo yemodeli ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwama-watts angama-20. Ukusabela kwezinhlayiya ezincane ezishajwayo, kusukela ku-5 kuya ku-10 microns, kungcono kakhulu kunozibuthe abaqinile, ngakho-ke ukumiswa kwe-Delphi kwenza umsebenzi wenziwe ngokushesha kunama-analogue. Uketshezi olungaphakathi kwe-shock absorber luqala ukusebenza ngokuvumelana nesimiso se-hydraulic uma iyunithi yokulawula ivaliwe.
Ukumiswa kweDelphi
SKF
Olunye uhlobo lokumiswa koguquko lukhiqizwa inkampani yobunjiniyela yaseSweden i-SKF. Umkhiqizo uyisakhiwo esiqukethe isitsha lapho kubekwa khona ozibuthe ababili, kanye neziphethu, njengomshuwalense uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka kweyunithi yokulawula kagesi. Okugcizelelwa kakhulu ekushintsheni izakhiwo zokunwebeka.
Ukuphuka kwanoma iyiphi into ekumisweni okungokwesiko kuholela ekwehleni kokuvunyelwa phansi kwemoto. Ukumiswa kazibuthe kwe-SKF kuvimbela lesi simo, njengoba ngisho nalapho umshini umile isikhathi eside, izakhi eziyinhloko zedivayisi zinikwa amandla yibhethri.
Konke ukumiswa kwe-electromagnetic kudinga isoftware eyinkimbinkimbi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuzinzile kohlelo. Ngokusetshenziswa kwe-serial, inani lokuthuthukiswa nokwehliswa kwezindleko liyadingeka.
