Izakhi ezisemqoka kanye nenqubo yokusebenza kwengidi emaphakathi

Ukuvalwa okuthembekile kweminyango kuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwemoto nokuphepha kwezinto zomuntu siqu ezishiywa ngumnikazi kule ndlwana. Futhi uma ngaphambi komnyango ngamunye emotweni bekufanele uvalwe ngesandla ngokhiye, manje lokhu akusadingeki. Ukuze kube lula kwabashayeli, ukukhiya okuphakathi kwakhiwa, okungavulwa futhi kuvalwe lapho kuthintwa inkinobho.

Kuyini ukukhiya okuphakathi

Ukukhiya okuphakathi (CL) kukuvumela ukuthi ngasikhathi sinye uvimbele yonke iminyango emotweni. Vele, ngaphandle kosizo lwale ndlela, umshayeli angavula futhi avale imoto yakhe ngengidi: hhayi ukude, kepha ngesandla. Ukuba khona kokukhiya okuphakathi akuthinti nganoma iyiphi indlela izakhiwo zobuchwepheshe bemoto, ngakho-ke, abakhiqizi badlulisela le ndlela kuzinhlelo ezinikeza induduzo yomnikazi wemoto.

Iminyango ingakhiywa kusetshenziswa i-central locking system ngezindlela ezimbili:

• maphakathi (lapho ukucindezela okukodwa kwenkinobho yefob ekhiye kuvala yonke iminyango ngasikhathi sinye);
• kusabalalisiwe (uhlelo olunjalo likuvumela ukuthi ulawule umnyango ngamunye ngokwehlukana).

Uhlelo oluhlukanisiwe luyindlela yesimanjemanje yedivayisi yokukhiya umnyango. Ukuze ikwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yayo, kufakwa iyunithi yokulawula i-elekthronikhi (ECU) emnyango ngamunye. Kunguqulo eyodwa, yonke iminyango yemoto ilawulwa yunithi eyodwa.

Izici zokukhiya ezimaphakathi

Ukukhiya okuphakathi emotweni kunezici eziningana ezenza ukuxhumana phakathi kohlelo nomshayeli kube lula futhi kusebenze kahle ngangokunokwenzeka.

• Isistimu yokukhiya emaphakathi ingasebenza ngempumelelo ngokubambisana nanoma yiluphi uhlelo lwe-alamu.
• Isiqu sibuye sixhunywe kuhlelo lokukhiya oluphakathi, kepha ungalawula ukuvulwa kwalo ngokuhlukile neminyango.
• Ukuze kube lula ngomshayeli, inkinobho yesilawuli kude itholakala kufob wokhiye nasemotweni. Kodwa-ke, ukukhiya okuphakathi nakho kungavalwa ngemishini ngokuvula ukhiye kulokhiye womnyango womshayeli. Kanyekanye nokuvula ukhiye, yonke eminye iminyango yemoto izokhiywa.

Ebusika, ngesikhathi seqhwa elibi, izakhi zohlelo lokukhiya oluphakathi zingaba yiqhwa. Ingozi yokuqandisa inyuka uma umswakama ungena ohlelweni. Ikhambi elingcono kakhulu lenkinga i-ejenti ekhiqiza amakhemikhali, engathengwa endaweni ethengisa izimoto. Ukungena ngaphakathi emotweni, kwanele ukuhlehlisa umnyango womshayeli bese uqala injini. Lapho imoto ifudumala, ezinye izingidi zizoncibilika zodwa.

Umklamo wesistimu

Ngaphezu kweyunithi yokulawula, uhlelo lokukhiya oluphakathi lubuye lufake izinzwa zokufaka kanye nama-actuator (actuators).

Izinzwa zokufaka

Lezi zihlanganisa:

• ukushintshwa kweminyango yokuphela (umkhawulo wokushintshwa) okudlulisa imininingwane mayelana nendawo yeminyango yemoto kuphiko lokulawula;
• ama-microswitches alungisa ukuma kwezakhi zesakhiwo sokukhiya umnyango.

Ama-microswitches anemisebenzi ehlukile.

• Ezimbili zazo zenzelwe ukulungisa indlela ye-cam yezicabha zangaphambili: eyodwa ibhekene nesiginali yokukhiya (ukuvala), eyesibili eyokuvula (ukuvula).
• Futhi, ama-microswitches amabili anomthwalo wokulungisa indawo yezindlela zokukhiya ezimaphakathi.
• Ekugcineni, okunye ukushintsha kunquma indawo yokuxhumeka ku-actuator yokukhiya. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi uhlole ukuma komnyango maqondana nomzimba. Lapho nje umnyango uvulwa, uhlelo luvala othintana nabo bokushintsha, ngenxa yalokho ukukhiya okuphakathi akukwazi ukubangelwa.

Izimpawu ezithunyelwa yinzwa ngayinye ziya kuphiko lokulawula, oludlulisela imiyalo kuma-actuator avale iminyango, isivalo sebhuthi kanye ne-pet filler flap.

Isilawuli sokulawula

Iyunithi yokulawula ubuchopho bayo yonke inqubo yokukhiya emaphakathi. Ifunda imininingwane etholwe kuzinzwa zokufaka, iyayihlaziya bese iyithumela kuma-actuator. Futhi, i-ECU ixhumana ne-alamu efakwe emotweni futhi ingalawulwa ukude kusetshenziswa irimothi.

I-Actuator

I-actuator iyisixhumanisi sokugcina kuloluchungechunge, olubhekele ukukhiya iminyango ngqo. I-actuator iyimoto ye-DC ehlanganiswe no-gearbox olula kakhulu. Okokugcina kuguqula ukujikeleza kwemoto kagesi kube ukunyakaza okuphindayo kwesilinda sokukhiya.

Ngaphezu kwemoto kagesi, ama-actuator asebenzisa idrayivu yomoya. Isibonelo, yayisetshenziswa ngabakhiqizi abanjengoMercedes neVolkswagen. Muva nje, noma kunjalo, idrayivu yomoya iyekile ukusetshenziswa.

Isimiso sokusebenza kwedivayisi

Ukukhiya okuphakathi kwemoto kungashukunyiswa kokubili lapho ukuthungela kusebenza futhi lapho ukuthungela kucishiwe.

Ngokushesha nje lapho umnikazi wemoto ekhiya iminyango yemoto ngokuvula ukhiye, i-microswitch esakhiweni iyavuselelwa ukuqinisekisa ukukhiya. Idlulisa isignali kuyunithi lokulawula umnyango bese iya ku-central unit. Lesi sici sohlelo sihlaziya imininingwane etholakele bese siyithumela kuma-actuator ezicabha, isiqu kanye ne-flap flap. Ukuvula okulandelayo kwenzeka ngendlela efanayo.

Uma umshayeli evala imoto esebenzisa irimothi, isinali elivela kuyo liya kuluthini oluxhunywe ophikweni olulawulayo oluphakathi nendawo, futhi ukusuka lapho kuya kuma-actuator akhiya iminyango. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-alamu iyasebenza. Kwezinye izinhlobo zezimoto, lapho iminyango ikhiyiwe kwenye nenye yazo, amafasitela angavuka ngokuzenzekelayo.

Uma imoto ibandakanyeka engozini, yonke iminyango ivulwa ngokuzenzakalela. Lokhu kusayinwa wuhlelo lokuvimba olungenzi lutho ophikweni olulawula ukukhiya. Ngemuva kwalokho, abaculi bavula iminyango.

"Isigodlo sezingane" emotweni

Izingane zingaziphatha ngendlela engalindelekile. Uma umshayeli ephethe ingane esihlalweni esingemuva, kunzima ukulawula indlela yokuziphatha komgibeli omncane. Ojahidada abafuna ukwazi bangadonsa ngephutha isibambo somnyango wemoto bese bevula. Imiphumela ye-prank encane ayimnandi. Ukukhipha lokhu kungenzeka, "ingidi yengane" yafakwa ngokungeziwe eminyango yangemuva yezimoto. Le divayisi encane kodwa ebaluleke kakhulu ayifaki ithuba lokuvula umnyango ngaphakathi.

Ingidi eyengeziwe, evimba ukuvulwa kweminyango engemuva egumbini lomgibeli, ifakwe ezinhlangothini zombili zomzimba futhi iyasebenza ngesandla.

Indlela okwenziwa ngayo lo mshini incike ekwakhekeni nasemotweni yemoto. Kwezinye izimo, ilokhi icushiwe kusetshenziswa isigwedlo, kokunye - ngokuvula isikhala. Kodwa noma kunjalo, le divayisi itholakala eduze kokhiye omkhulu womnyango. Ngeminye imininingwane ngokusetshenziswa kwe- "child lock", sicela ubheke ibhukwana lemoto yakho.

Uhlelo lokukhiya kabili

Kwezinye izimoto, kusetshenziswa uhlelo lokukhiya kabili, lapho iminyango ikhiyiwe ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Indlela enjalo inciphisa ubungozi bokwebiwa kwemoto: noma ngabe isela lephula ingilazi yemoto, ngeke likwazi ukuvula umnyango ngaphakathi.

Ukukhiya kabili kwenziwa kucindezelwe kabili ngokucindezela inkinobho yokukhiya emaphakathi kukhiye. Ukuvula iminyango, udinga futhi ukuchofoza kabili kurimothi.

Isistimu yokukhiya kabili inenkinga ebalulekile: uma ukhiye noma ukhiya ukungasebenzi kahle, umshayeli naye ngeke akwazi ukuvula imoto yakhe.

Ukukhiya okuphakathi emotweni kuyindlela ebalulekile ekuvumela ukuthi uvale yonke iminyango yemoto ngasikhathi sinye. Ngenxa yemisebenzi eyengeziwe namadivayisi (njenge "ingidi yengane" noma isistimu yokukhiya kabili), umshayeli angakwazi ukuzivikela yena kanye nabagibeli bakhe (kubandakanya nezingane ezincane) ekuvulekeni okungazelelwe kweminyango phakathi nohambo.