Ithangi lempi eliyinhloko i-Strv-103
Okuqukethwe
Ithangi lempi eliyinhloko i-Strv-103(I-S-Tank noma i-Tank 103)
Ibutho laseSweden okwamanje lidinga amathangi amakhulu amasha angama-200-300. Kwaxoxiswana ngezinketho ezintathu zokuxazulula le nkinga: dala ithangi lakho elisha, noma uthenge inombolo edingekayo yamathangi phesheya (cishe wonke amazwe amakhulu akha amathangi anikezela ngamathangi awo), noma uhlele ukukhiqizwa kwethangi langaphandle elikhethiwe ngaphansi kwelayisensi usebenzisa amanye. Izingxenye zesiSwidi ekwakhiweni kwayo. Ukuze usebenzise inketho yokuqala, i-Bofors ne-Hoglund yahlela iqembu elakha isiphakamiso sobuchwepheshe sokwakhiwa kwethangi le-Stridsvagn-2000. Ithangi elinesisindo samathani angama-58 elinabasebenzi abangu-3, inganono enkulu (okungenzeka i-140 mm), inganono ezenzakalelayo engu-40 mm ehlanganiswe nayo, isibhamu somshini esilwa nendiza engu-7,62-mm, kufanele sibe nokuvikelwa kwezikhali zemodular. umklamo ohlinzeka ngezinga eliphezulu lokuphepha. Ukuhamba kwethangi akufanele kube kubi kakhulu kunalokho kwamathangi amakhulu esimanje ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwenjini yedizili engu-1475 hp. nge., ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo, ukumiswa kwe-hydropneumatic, okuvumela, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukushintsha indawo ye-angular yomshini endizeni ye-longitudinal. Ukuze kuncishiswe isikhathi nemali yokuthuthukiswa, izingxenye ezikhona kufanele zisetshenziswe ekwakhiweni: injini, ukuhanjiswa, izibhamu zemishini, izakhi zezinhlelo zokulawula umlilo, ukuvikela izikhali zokubhujiswa okukhulu, njll., kodwa kuphela umhlangano we-chassis, izikhali eziyinhloko. futhi isilayishi sayo esizenzakalelayo kufanele sidalwe kabusha. Ekupheleni 80s, amafemu Swedish Hoglund futhi Bofors waqala ukuthuthukisa ethangini Stridsvagn-2000, okwakuhlelelwe ukuba esikhundleni seCenturion endala. Imodeli yobukhulu bokuphila yaleli tank yaze yenziwa, kodwa ngo-1991 ubuholi boMnyango Wezokuvikela bavala iphrojekthi ye-Stridsvagn-2000 mayelana nesinqumo sikahulumeni waseSweden sokuthenga ithangi lempi elikhulu phesheya.
Amathangi e-M1A2 "Abrams", "Leclerc tanks" kanye "Leopard-2" abambe iqhaza ekuhlolweni kokuncintisana. Kodwa-ke, amaJalimane anikeza imigomo engcono yokulethwa, futhi imoto yabo yaphumelela kakhulu kunamathangi aseMelika naseFrance ekuhlolweni. Kusukela ngo-1996, amathangi Leopard-2 baqala ukungena amabutho aphansi IsiSwidi. Ekuqaleni kwawo-80s, ochwepheshe baseSweden bakha futhi bahlola ama-prototypes ethangi elikhanyayo, elaqokwa i-SHE5 XX 20 (lalibuye libizwe ngokuthi umbhubhisi wamathangi). Izikhali zayo eziyinhloko isibhamu saseJalimane esingu-120-mm esibushelelezi (enebhuleki le-Bofors muzzle). Ibekwe ngaphezu komzimba wemoto elandelwa umkhondo wangaphambili, nayo ehlala abasebenzi (abantu abathathu). Imoto yesibili inenjini kadizili engu-600 hp. nge., izinhlamvu kanye nophethiloli. Ngesisindo sokulwa esiphelele samathani angaphezu kuka-20, leli thangi lafinyelela isivinini esingafika ku-60 km / h ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa endaweni eneqhwa, kodwa lahlala esiteji se-prototype. Ngo-1960, inkampani ye-Bofors yathola i-oda lebutho lama-prototypes angu-10, futhi ngo-1961 wethula ama-prototypes amabili. Ngemva kokuthuthukiswa, ithangi lafakwa ngaphansi kwegama elithi "5" futhi lafakwa ekukhiqizeni ngo-1966.
Ngenxa yezixazululo ezingavamile zokuhlela, abaklami bakwazi ukuhlanganisa ukuphepha okuphezulu, amandla omlilo nokuhamba kahle ethangini elinesisindo esilinganiselwe. Isidingo sokuhlanganisa ukuphepha okuphezulu kanye namandla omlilo ekwakhiweni kwethangi nokuhamba okuhle ngenqwaba elinganiselwe yaneliswa abaklami ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yezixazululo ezingavamile zokuhlela. Ithangi linesakhiwo esingenandaba nokufakwa kwe "casemate" yezikhali eziyinhloko kumkhumbi. Isibhamu sifakwe eshidini le-frontal hull ngaphandle kokuthi kungenzeka ukupompa ngokuqondile nangokuvundlile. Isiqondiso saso senziwa ngokushintsha isikhundla somzimba ezindizeni ezimbili. Ngaphambi komshini kunekhompathimenti yenjini, ngemuva kwayo kunendawo yokulawula, nayo eyimpi. Endaweni okuhlalwa kuyo ngakwesokudla kwesibhamu kukhona umkhuzi, kwesokunxele umshayeli (naye ungumdubuli), ngemuva kwakhe, ebheke ngemuva kwemoto, umqhubi womsakazo.
Umkhuzi unephrofayili ephansi engu-208° turret enekhava ye-hatch eyodwa. Ingemuva lemoto ligcwele i-automatic gun loader. Uhlelo olwamukelwe lwesakhiwo lwenza kube lula ukubeka isibhamu esingu-105-mm esinesibhamu esingu-174 esakhiwe ngabakwaBofors ngevolumu elinganiselwe. Uma kuqhathaniswa nemodeli yesisekelo, umphongolo we-174 unwetshwa ukuze ube nama-calibers angu-62 (ngokuqhathaniswa nama-calibers angu-52 wesiNgisi). Isibhamu sine-hydraulic recoil brake kanye ne-spring knurler; ukusinda komgqomo - kufika ku-700 shots. Umthwalo wezinhlamvu uhlanganisa isibhamu esisodwa esinezinga elincane lokubhoboza izikhali, amagobolondo anqwabelene kanye nentuthu. Izinhlamvu eziphathwayo zingamashothi angama-50, okuthi kuzo - 25 anamagobolondo angaphansi, angama-20 ahlanganiswe nentuthu.
Ukunganyakazi kwesibhamu esihlobene nomzimba kwenza kube lula ukusebenzisa isilayishi esizenzakalelayo esilula futhi esithembekile, esiqinisekisa izinga lobuchwepheshe lomlilo wesibhamu kuze kufike ku-15 rounds / min. Uma ulayisha kabusha isibhamu, ikesi le-cartridge elisetshenzisiwe likhishwa nge-hatch engemuva kwethangi. Ngokuhambisana ne-ejector efakwe engxenyeni ephakathi yomgqomo, lokhu kunciphisa kakhulu ukungcoliswa kwegesi kwendawo okuhlala kuyo. I-automatic loader ilayishwa kabusha ngesandla ngokusebenzisa ama-aft hatches amabili futhi ithatha imizuzu engu-5-10. Ukuqondiswa kwesibhamu endizeni eqondile kwenziwa ngokushwibeka kwe-longitudinal ye-hull ngenxa yokumiswa kwe-hydropneumatic okuguquguqukayo, endizeni enezingqimba - ngokuguqula ithangi. Izibhamu zomshini ezimbili ezingu-7,62-mm ezinezinhlamvu ezingu-2750 zibekwe ngakwesokunxele sepuleti elingaphambili ku-casing ye-armored armored. Isiqondiso sezibhamu zemishini senziwa ngumzimba, okungukuthi izibhamu zomshini zidlala indima ye-coaxial nge-cannon, ngaphezu kwalokho, isibhamu somshini esingu-7,62-mm sifakwe ngakwesokudla. Izimbayimbayi nezibhamu zemishini zidutshulwa umphathi wamathangi noma umshayeli. Esinye isibhamu somshini sifakwe ku-turret ngaphezu kwe-hatch yomphathi wemoto. Kusuka kuyo ungadubula emoyeni nasezindaweni ezihlosiwe zomhlabathi, i-turret ingambozwa izihlangu zezikhali.
Umlawuli wemoto kanye nomshayeli banama-binocular ahlangene amadivaysi optical ORZ-11, anokwandiswa okuguquguqukayo. I-Simrad laser rangefinder yakhelwe emehlweni oshayasibhamu. Idivayisi yomkhuzi izinzile endizeni eqondile, futhi i-turret yayo isendizeni evundlile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusetshenziswa amabhulokhi we-periscope aguquguqukayo. Umkhuzi has amabhlogo ezine - efakwe eduze azungezwe cupola umkhuzi, umshayeli oyedwa (ngakwesobunxele ORZ-11), opharetha ezimbili zomsakazo. Imishini yokubona ethangini imbozwe ngama-shutter ahlomile. Ukuphepha komshini akuqinisekiswanga kuphela ubukhulu bezikhali zesikebhe esishiselwe, kodwa futhi ngama-engeli amakhulu okuthambekela kwezingxenye ezihlomile, ikakhulukazi ipuleti elingaphambili elingaphezulu, indawo encane yokuqagela okungaphambili neseceleni. , kanye nephansi elimise okwebhere. Isici esibalulekile ukubonakala okuphansi kwemoto: emathangini empi ayinhloko asenkonzweni, le moto yempi inesilhouette ephansi kakhulu. Ukuze kuvikelwe ekubonweni kwesitha, iziqhumane ezimbili ezinemigqomo engu-53-mm ezinemigoqo emine zitholakala ezinhlangothini ze-cupola yomkhuzi. Esikebheni kunendawo yokucathula ukuze kukhishwe abasebenzi. Vuliwe ithangi I-cannon engu-81P / -103 nayo ifakwe eshidini elingaphambili le-hull ngaphandle kokuthi kungenzeka ukupompa ngokuqondile nangokuvundlile. Isiqondiso sayo senziwa ngokushintsha isikhundla somzimba ezindizeni ezimbili.
Izici zokusebenza ze-tank yempi ye-STRV - 103
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Ngokokuqala ngqa eminyakeni yangemva kwempi, awekho amathangi amasha akhiwa eSweden. Ngo-1953, amathangi angu-80 Centurion Mk 3 anezibhamu ezingu-83,4 mm, aqokwe i-51P / -81, athengwa e-UK, futhi kamuva kwathengwa amathangi angu-270 Centurion MK 10 anezibhamu ezingu-105 mm. Nokho, le mishini ayizange inelise ngokugcwele ibutho laseSweden. Ngakho-ke, kusukela maphakathi nawo-50s, kwaqala ucwaningo mayelana nokwenzeka kanye kufaneleka ukudala ithangi lethu siqu. Ngasikhathi sinye, ubuholi bezempi buqhubekela phambili kulo mqondo olandelayo: ithangi liyinto edingekayo ngokuphelele ohlelweni lwezokuvikela lwaseSweden okwamanje nasesikhathini esizayo esibonakalayo, ikakhulukazi ukuvikela izindawo ezivulekile eningizimu yezwe kanye nasezindaweni ezizungezile. ogwini loLwandle iBaltic. Izici zeSweden inani elincane labantu (abantu abayizigidi ezingu-8,3) nensimu enkulu (450000 km2), ubude bemingcele (1600 km ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu), izithiyo eziningi zamanzi (amachibi angaphezu kuka-95000), isikhathi esifushane senkonzo yezempi. Ngakho-ke, ithangi laseSweden kufanele libe nesivikelo esingcono kunethangi le-Centurion, lidlule amandla omlilo, futhi ukuhamba kwethangi (okuhlanganisa nekhono lokunqoba izithiyo zamanzi) kufanele kube sezingeni lamamodeli angcono kakhulu omhlaba. Ngokuvumelana nalo mqondo, ithangi 51P / -103, eyaziwa nangokuthi "5" ithangi, yasungulwa.
