Ithangi lempi elikhulu i-M60
I-M60A3 iyinguqulo yokugcina yokukhiqiza ekhiqizwe ngaphambi kokwethulwa kwamathangi empi e-M1 Abrams asetshenziswayo njengamanje. I-M60A3 yayine-laser rangefinder kanye nekhompyutha yokulawula umlilo wedijithali.
NgoJanuwari 14, 1957, iKomidi Lokuxhumanisa i-Joint Ordnance, elalisebenza kuma-XNUMXs eButhweni Lezempi laseMelika, lancoma ukuthi kubhekwe ukuthuthukiswa kwamathangi. Ngemva kwenyanga, owayeyiNhloko Yezempi Yase-US ngaleso sikhathi, uJenene Maxwell D. Taylor, wasungula IQembu Elikhethekile Lezikhali Zamathangi Azayo noma Izimoto Ezifana Nazo zokulwa - i-ARCOVE, i.e. iqembu elikhethekile lokuhlomisa ithangi lesikhathi esizayo noma imoto yokulwa efanayo.
NgoMeyi 1957, iqembu le-ARCOVE lancoma amathangi okuhlomisa ngemicibisholo eqondisiwe ngemuva kuka-1965, futhi ukusebenza ngezibhamu ezivamile kwakunomkhawulo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kwakufanele kuthuthukiswe izinhlobo ezintsha zezikhali zezikhali ezicitshwayo eziqondiswayo, ukusebenza emathangeni ngokwawo kwakudingeka kugxilwe ekudaleni uhlelo lokulawula umlilo oluthuthuke kakhulu olukwazi ukusebenza imini nobusuku, ekuvikeleni izimoto ezihlomile nokuphepha kwabasebenzi.
Omunye umzamo wokwandisa amandla omlilo we-M48 Patton kwakuwukusebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zezibhamu ezifakwe kuma-turrets ashintshiwe. Isithombe sibonisa i-T54E2, eyakhelwe ku-chassis yethangi le-M48, kodwa ihlome ngesibhamu saseMelika esingu-140-mm T3E105, kodwa asizange singene ekukhiqizeni.
Ngo-August 1957, uGeneral Maxwell D. Taylor wagunyaza uhlelo lokuthuthukisa amathangi amasha ayezosekelwe kakhulu ezincomweni ze-ARCOVE. Kuze kube yi-1965, amakilasi amathathu amathangi kwakufanele agcinwe (nezikhali ezingama-76 mm, 90 mm kanye ne-120 mm, okungukuthi, ukukhanya, okuphakathi nendawo futhi esindayo), kodwa ngemva kuka-1965 izimoto ezilula zamasosha asemoyeni kufanele zihlome kuphela nge-MBT. Ithangi lempi elikhulu lalizosetshenziswa kokubili ukusekela amasosha ahamba ngezinyawo kanye nokuqondisa imisebenzi ekujuleni kokusebenza kweqembu lempi yesitha, kanye nengxenye yamayunithi okuhlola. Ngakho-ke kwakufanele kuhlanganiswe izici zethangi eliphakathi (izenzo zokuqondisa) kanye nethangi elisindayo (ukusekelwa kwezinsana), kanye nethangi elikhanyayo (imisebenzi yokuhlola nokuhlola) kwakufanele yehle emlandweni, ithathelwe indawo kule ndima ithangi lempi elikhulu, okwakuwuhlobo oluphakathi phakathi kwezimoto eziphakathi nendawo nezisindayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kwakucatshangwa ukuthi amathangi amasha kusukela ekuqaleni ayeyoba ifakwe izinjini diesel.
Ocwaningweni lwabo, iqembu le-ARCOVE lalithanda ukuthuthukiswa kwezimoto ezihlomile zaseSoviet. Kwavezwa ukuthi i-Eastern bloc ngeke ibe nenzuzo yokulinganisa kuphela phezu kwamasosha amazwe e-NATO, kodwa futhi nenzuzo yekhwalithi emkhakheni wezikhali ezihlomile. Ukuze kuncishiswe lolu songo, kwakucatshangwa ukuthi amaphesenti angu-80. Amathuba okushaya ithagethi ngokushaya kokuqala, ebangeni lempi elijwayelekile phakathi kwamathangi. Kucatshangelwe izinketho ezahlukahlukene zamathangi okuhlomisa, ngesinye isikhathi kwaze kwanconywa ukuthi kuhlonyiswe amathangi ngemicibisholo eqondiswa i-anti-tank esikhundleni sesibhamu sakudala. Eqinisweni, Ibutho Lezempi Lase-US lehla ngale ndlela lapho kwakhiwa i-Ford MGM-51 Shillelagh anti-tank system, okuzoxoxwa ngayo kabanzi kamuva. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwaqashelwa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuklama i-smoothbore yokudubula i-projectiles enesivinini esiphezulu se-muzzle, esizinzile ezinhlangothini.
Kodwa-ke, isincomo esibaluleke kakhulu kwakuwukuyeka ukuhlukaniswa kwamathangi ngezigaba. Yonke imisebenzi yethangi emabuthweni ahlomile kanye nasetshenziswa imishini yayizokwenziwa uhlobo olulodwa lwethangi, elibizwa ngokuthi ithangi lempi elikhulu, elalizohlanganisa amandla omlilo kanye nokuvikelwa kwezikhali kwethangi elisindayo nokuhamba, ukuhambahamba kanye nokuhamba kahle kwethangi eliphakathi nendawo. Kwakukholelwa ukuthi lokhu kwakungenzeka, okuyinto amaRussia abonisa lapho edala i-T-54, T-55 kanye ne-T-62 yomndeni wamathangi. Uhlobo lwesibili lwethangi, elinokusetshenziswa okulinganiselwe kakhulu, kwakuzoba ithangi elilula lamasosha asemoyeni kanye namayunithi okuhlola, okwakufanele aguqulelwe ukuthuthwa emoyeni kanye nokuwa kwepharashute, okufaniswe ngokwengxenye emcabangweni wethangi. I-Soviet tank PT-76, kodwa kwakungahloselwe le njongo, ukuba ibe ithangi elintantayo, kodwa elikwazi ukufika emoyeni. Yakhiwe kanje i-M551 Sheridan, eyakhiwe engu-1662.
Injini kadizili
Ukushintshela kwebutho lezempi lase-US ezinjinini zikadizili kwakuhamba kancane futhi kwakuqhutshwa uphiko lwezokuthutha, noma ikakhulukazi, ochwepheshe bokuhlinzeka ngophethiloli. Ngo-June 1956, kwenziwa ucwaningo olunzulu mayelana nezinjini zokuthungela ukucindezela njengendlela yokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli ezimotweni zokulwa, kodwa kwaze kwaba ngoJuni 1958 lapho uMnyango Wezempi, eNgqungqutheleni Yenqubomgomo Yezokushisa Yase-U.S., wagunyaza ukusetshenziswa kukadizili. amafutha e-U.S. Army reverse logistics. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi kwakungekho ngxoxo e-US mayelana nokuvutha kophethiloli okhanyayo (uphethiloli) kanye nokuthambekela kwamathangi ukuthi aqhume uma kushaywa. Ukuhlaziywa kweMelika ngokulimala kwethangi eMpini Yezwe II kubonise ukuthi lapho kubhekwa ithangi elibamba umlilo noma ukuqhuma ngemva kokushaywa, umthwalo walo wezinhlamvu wawuyingozi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi njengoba ubangele ukuqhuma nomlilo ngqo endaweni yokulwa, kunalokho. kunangemuva kwe-firewall.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwenjini ye-diesel ye-US Army kwaqalwa yi-Ordnance Committee yase-US ngoFebhuwari 10, 1954, ngokusekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi isikhungo esisha samandla sizohambisana ngangokunokwenzeka nomklamo we-Continental AV-1790 injini kaphethiloli. .
Khumbula ukuthi injini ehloliwe ye-AV-1790 kwakuyinjini kaphethiloli epholile engu-V-twin eyakhiwe yi-Continental Motors of Mobile, Alabama, ngeminyaka yama-40s. Amasilinda ayishumi nambili ku-90° V-arrangement abe nenani eliphelele lama-29,361 amalitha ane-bore efanayo kanye ne-stroke engu-146 mm. Kwakuyi-four-stroke, injini ye-carbureted ene-compression ratio ye-6,5, ene-supercharging enganele, enesisindo (kuye ngokuthi inguqulo) 1150-1200 kg. Ikhiqize i-810 hp. ngo-2800 rpm. Ingxenye yamandla idliwe isiphepho esiqhutshwa yinjini esihlinzeka ngokupholisa ngempoqo.
