I-Leclerc main war tank Ekupheleni kweminyaka engu-70, ochwepheshe baseFrance naseJalimane baqala ukuthuthukiswa okuhlangene kwethangi elisha (izinhlelo zeNapoleon-1 ne-KRG-3 ngokulandelana), kodwa ngo-1982 yayekwa. E-France, nokho, umsebenzi wokwenza ithangi labo lesizukulwane sesithathu elithembisayo waqhubeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphambi kokuvela kwe-prototype, amasistimu angaphansi afana ne-warhead kanye nokumiswa kwakhiwe futhi kwahlolwa. Umthuthukisi oyinhloko wethangi, owathola igama elithi "Leclerc" (okungemva kwegama likajenene waseFrance phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili), uyinhlangano yombuso. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-serial kwamathangi e-Leclerc kwenziwa yi-arsenal yombuso etholakala edolobheni laseRoan. Ithangi le-Leclerc ngokwezakhiwo zalo eziyinhloko zokulwa (i-firepower, ukuhamba nokuvikelwa kwezikhali) liphakeme kakhulu kunethangi le-AMX-30V2. Ibonakala ngezinga eliphezulu lokugcwala nge-electronics, izindleko zazo ezifinyelela cishe ingxenye yezindleko zethangi ngokwalo. Ithangi le-Leclerc lenziwe ngokwesakhiwo sakudala nesikhali esiyinhloko endaweni ejikelezayo ye-armored turret, indawo yokulawula ngaphambili kwe-hull, kanye negumbi lokudlulisela injini ngemuva kwemoto. Ku-turret ngakwesobunxele sesibhamu yisikhundla somlawuli wamathangi, ngakwesokudla yisibhamu, futhi i-automatic loader ifakwe ku-niche. Izingxenye ezingaphambili nezingaseceleni ze-hull kanye ne-turret yethangi le-Leclerc zenziwe zempi enezendlalelo eziningi kusetshenziswa ama-gaskets enziwe ngezinto zobumba. Ngaphambi kwe-hull, idizayini ye-modular yokuvikela izikhali isetshenziswa kancane. Inezinzuzo ezimbili eziyinhloko phezu kwenguqulo evamile: okokuqala, uma imojula eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yonakele, ingashintshwa kalula ngisho nasensimini, futhi okwesibili, esikhathini esizayo kungenzeka ukufaka amamojula enziwe ngezikhali eziphumelela kakhulu. Ukunakwa okukhethekile kwakhokhelwa ukuqinisa ukuvikelwa kophahla lombhoshongo, ngokuyinhloko kusukela ekuthembiseni izikhali zokulwa nethangi ezishaya ithangi kusuka phezulu. Izinhlangothi ze-hull zimbozwe izikrini zezikhali ezilwa nokuqongelela, futhi amabhokisi ensimbi nawo ancike engxenyeni engaphambili, okuyizivikelo ezengeziwe ezihlukene. I-Tank "Leclerc" ifakwe uhlelo lokuvikela ngokumelene nezikhali zokubhujiswa okukhulu. Endabeni yokunqoba izindawo ezingcolile endaweni yokulwa ngosizo lweyunithi yokuhlunga umoya, ukucindezela okweqile kwakhiwa ukuze kuvinjwe uthuli olukhipha imisebe noma izinto ezinobuthi ekungeneni emoyeni ohlanzekile. Ukusinda kwethangi le-Leclerc kuyanda ngokunciphisa i-silhouette yayo, ukuba khona kwesistimu yokucisha umlilo enesivinini esiphezulu esizenzakalelayo endaweni yokulwa neyokudlulisela injini kanye nokushayela kukagesi (esikhundleni se-hydraulic) yokukhomba isibhamu, kanye ukwehla kwesiginesha yokubona ngenxa yentuthu encane kakhulu lapho injini isebenza. Uma kunesidingo, isikrini sentuthu singafakwa ngokudubula amabhomu entuthu ebangeni elingafika ku-55 m emkhakheni wangaphambili kuze kufike ku-120 °. Ithangi lifakwe isixwayiso (i-alamu) uhlelo mayelana nokukhipha imisebe nge-laser ukuze abasebenzi bakwazi ukwenza ngokushesha ukuqondisa kwemoto ukugwema ukushaywa isikhali esilwa nethangi esiqondisiwe. Futhi, ithangi lihamba kahle kakhulu ezindaweni ezimbi. I-UAE iyalele amathangi e-Leclerc ahlome ngenjini eyenziwe eJalimane kanye neqembu lokudlulisa, elihlanganisa injini yochungechunge lwe-MTU 1500-horsepower engu-883 kanye ne-othomathikhi ephuma ku-Renk. Uma kucatshangelwa ukusebenza ezimweni zasogwadule, amathangi afakwe i-air-conditioning system yendawo yokulwa. Amathangi okuqala amahlanu ochungechungeni lwe-UAE ayelungile ngoFebhuwari 1995. Ezimbili zazo zilethwe ekhasimendeni ngendiza ehamba ngendiza yokuthutha yaseRussia i-An-124, kanti abanye abathathu bangena esikoleni esihlomile eSaumur. Ngaphezu kwe-UAE, amathangi e-Leclerc nawo anikezwa amanye amakhasimende aseMpumalanga Ephakathi. Kule makethe, amafemu aseFrance akhiqiza izikhali asebenze ngempumelelo iminyaka eminingi. Ngenxa yalokho, i-Qatar ne-Saudi Arabia yaba nesithakazelo ku-Leclercs, lapho ukuguqulwa okuhlukahlukene kwe-American M60 amathangi kanye ne-French AMX-30 okwamanje kusebenza. Izici ukusebenza ithangi lempi main "Leclerc"  Isisindo sokulwa, т 54,5 Abasebenzi, abantu 3 Ubukhulu, мм: ubude bomzimba 6880 ububanzi 3300 ukuphakama 2300 imvume 400 Izikhali, мм   projectile Izikhali:   120-mm isibhamu smoothbore SM-120-26; Isibhamu somshini esingu-7,62 mm, isibhamu somshini esingu-12,7 mm M2NV-OSV Isethi ye-Boek:   Imizuliswano engu-40, imizuliswano engu-800 engu-12,7 mm kanye nemizuliswano engu-2000 engu-7,62 mm Injini "Unidiesel" V8X-1500, multi-fuel, diesel, 8-cylinder, turbocharged, liquid-cooled, amandla 1500 hp ngo-2500 rpm Ingcindezi yomhlabathi ethize, kg / cm 1,0 kg / cm2 Ijubane lomgwaqo omkhulu km / h I-71 km / h Ukuhamba ngomkhumbi emgwaqeni omkhulu Km 720 (enethangi eyengeziwe) - ngaphandle amathangi eyengeziwe - 550 km. Ukunqoba izithiyo: ukuphakama kodonga, м 1,2 ububanzi bomgodi, м 3 ukujula komkhumbi, м 1 m. Ngokulungiselela 4 m Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sosuku, umphathi wethangi usebenzisa i-panoramic periscope ye-H1-15 ebekwe ophahleni lwe-turret kwesokunxele sesibhamu. Inesiteshi esibukwayo sasemini kanye nesasebusuku (esinokuqinisa isithombe sesizukulwane sesithathu). Umkhuzi wamaphoyisa uphinde abe nombukiso obonisa isithombe sikamabonakude esivela emehlweni oshayasibhamu. Ekhabetheni lomkhuzi, kunamabhulokhi ezingilazi ayisishiyagalombili azungeze umjikelezo, anikeza umbono oyindilinga wendawo yonke. Umlawuli wamathangi kanye nomdubuli banazo zonke izilawuli ezidingekayo (amaphaneli, izibambo, ama-consoles). Ithangi le-Leclerc libonakala ngokuba khona kwenani elikhulu lezinto ze-elekthronikhi, ngokuyinhloko amadivaysi e-digital computing (microprocessors), alawula ukusebenza kwazo zonke izinhlelo eziyinhloko nemishini yethangi. Lokhu okulandelayo kuxhumeke ngebhasi ledatha eliphakathi kwama-multiplex: ikhompyutha yedijithali ye-ballistic ye-elekthronikhi yohlelo lokulawula umlilo (ixhunywe kuzo zonke izinzwa zezimo zokudubula, izibonisi namafindo okulawula ama-consoles womkhuzi kanye ne-gunner), ama-microprocessors of the commander's kanye ne-gunnner's izinto ezibonakalayo, izibhamu kanye ne-coaxial machine gun-automatic loader, injini nokudlulisa, amaphaneli okulawula umshayeli. Isibhamu esikhulu sethangi le-Leclerc yisibhamu se-SM-120-120 26-mm esinobude obungama-calibers angu-52 (izibhamu ze-M1A1 Abrams kanye ne-Leopard-2 amathangi angama-44). Umgqomo ufakwe isembozo sokuvikela ukushisa. Ukuze ukudubula okuphumelelayo ngenkathi sihamba, isibhamu sizinzile ezindizeni ezimbili eziqondisayo. Umthwalo wezinhlamvu uhlanganisa amashothi anamagobolondo anezimpaphe ahlaba izikhali anephalethi ekhiphekayo kanye namagobolondo e-HEAT. Umnyombo wokubhoboza izikhali zokuqala (ubude ukuya ku-diameter isilinganiso 20:1) unesivinini sokuqala esingu-1750 m/s. Njengamanje, ochwepheshe baseFrance bakha i-projectile enezimpaphe ezihlabayo engu-120-mm enomongo we-uranium osuphelile kanye ne-projectile eqhuma kakhulu yokuhlukana kwezindiza zokulwa. Isici sethangi le-Leclerc ubukhona be-automatic loader, okwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukunciphisa izisebenzi zibe abantu abathathu. Idalwe nguCreusot-Loire futhi yafakwa endaweni yombhoshongo. Irekhi yezinhlamvu eyimishini ihlanganisa amashothi angu-22, kanti amanye angu-18 asele asendaweni yezinhlamvu yohlobo lwesigubhu kwesokudla somshayeli. Isilayishi esizenzakalelayo sinikeza izinga elisebenzayo lomlilo lemizuliswano eyi-12 ngomzuzu lapho udubula kokubili umile futhi uhamba. Uma kunesidingo, ukulayishwa ngesandla kwesibhamu nakho kunikezwa. Ochwepheshe baseMelika bacubungula ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukusebenzisa lesi silayishi esizenzakalelayo emathangini akwa-Abrams azo zonke izinguquko ngemva kwesigaba sesithathu sokwenziwa kwesimanjemanje. Njengezikhali ezisizayo ethangini le-Leclerc, kusetshenziswa isibhamu somshini esingu-12,7-mm esinenganono kanye nesibhamu somshini esilwa nendiza esingu-7,62-mm esifakwe ngemuva kwesikhala somdubuli nesilawulwa ukude. Izinhlamvu, ngokulandelana, imizuliswano engu-800 no-2000. Ezinhlangothini zengxenye engaphezulu engemuva kombhoshongo, iziqhumane zamabhomu zifakwe ezicingweni ezikhethekile ezihlomile (amabhomu entuthu amane ohlangothini ngalunye, ama-anti-personnel amathathu kanye nezimbili zokudala izicupho ze-infrared). Isistimu yokulawula umlilo ihlanganisa izinto ezibonwa oshayasibhamu kanye nezinduna zamathangi ngokuzinzisa okuzimele kwezindawo zabo zokubuka ezindizeni ezimbili kanye nezakhelwe ngaphakathi zokutholwa kwelaser. Ukubona kwe-periscope yomdubuli kutholakala ngaphambili kwesokudla kwe-turret. Iqukethe iziteshi ezintathu ze-optoelectronic: ezibukwayo zasemini ngokukhuliswa okuguquguqukayo (2,5 kanye ne-10x), izithombe ezishisayo nethelevishini. Ibanga eliphakeme ukuya kulokho okuhlosiwe, elikalwa nge-laser rangefinder, lifinyelela ku-8000 m Ukuze kubhekwe, kubonwe futhi kukhonjwe okuqondiwe, kanye nokudubula iphrojekthi ngephalethi ehlakazekayo (ibanga lama-2000 m) kanye neprojekthi eqongelelekayo (1500 m ). Njengesikhungo samandla sethangi le-Leclerc, kusetshenziswa injini yedizili engu-8-cylinder four-stroke engu-V8X-1500 liquid-cooled turbocharged diesel. Yenziwe kubhlokhi elilodwa nge-othomathikhi engu-EZM 500, engashintshwa ngemizuzu engama-30. Uhlelo lwe-pressurization, olubizwa nge-"hyperbar", luhlanganisa i-turbocharger kanye negumbi lomlilo (njenge-turbine yegesi). Ikhiqiza umfutho ophezulu wokukhulisa amandla ukuze inyuse kakhulu amandla enjini ngenkathi ithuthukisa izici zetorque. I-othomathikhi inikeza amajubane amahlanu aya phambili namabili ahlehlayo. Ithangi le-Leclerc linempendulo enhle ye-throttle - ijubane elikhulu lika-5,5 km/h ngemizuzwana engu-32. Isici laleli thangi lesiFulentshi ubukhona bokumiswa kwe-hydropneumatic, okuqinisekisa ukunyakaza okushelelayo kanye nesivinini esiphezulu esingakhona sokudonsa emigwaqweni nasezindaweni ezimbi. Ekuqaleni, kwakuhlelwe ukuthi kuthengwe amathangi eLeclerc ayi-1400 amasosha angaphansi komhlaba aseFrance. Kodwa-ke, ukuguqulwa kwesimo sezempi-ezombangazwe okubangelwa ukuwa kwenhlangano yezempi ye-Warsaw Pact, kwabonakala ngezidingo zebutho laseFrance emathangini: umyalo wehla waba amayunithi angu-1100, okwakuhloselwe ingxenye enkulu yawo. ukubuyiswa kwezikhali ezihlukene eziyisithupha (izimoto eziyi-160 lilinye), amathangi angama-70 azolethwa ezikoleni zokugcinwa kanye namathangi. Kungenzeka ukuthi lezi zinombolo zizoshintsha. Izindleko ezilinganiselwe zethangi elilodwa zingama-franc ayizigidi ezingu-29. I-tank yalolu hlobo ihloselwe ukushintshwa okuhleliwe kwe-AMX-30 yokuguga. Ekuqaleni kuka-1989, iqoqo lokuqala (amayunithi angu-16) amathangi e-Leclerc okukhiqizwa kwe-serial yayala ukuqala kokulethwa emabuthweni ekupheleni kuka-1991. Ukuhlolwa kwezempi kwalezi zimoto ezingeni le-tank squadron kwenzeka ngo-1993. Ibutho ithangi lokuqala laqedwa yibo ngo-1995, futhi isigaba sokuqala se-armored ngo-1996. Imithombo: U-Wieslaw Barnat no-Michal Nita “AMX Leclerc”; M. Baryatinsky. Amathangi aphakathi naphakathi amazwe angaphandle 1945-2000; G.L. Kholyavsky "The Complete Encyclopedia of Tanks World 1915 - 2000"; Yu. Charov. Ithangi elikhulu lempi laseFrance "Leclerc" - "Ukubuyekezwa Kwezempi Yangaphandle"; UMarc Chassillan “Char Leclerc: Ukusuka Empini Yomshoshaphansi Kuya Ezingxabanweni Zakusasa”; UStefan Marx: LECLERC - I-French Main Battle Tank yamhla zingama-21; UDariusz Użycki. I-Leclerc - ingxenye yesizukulwane ngaphambi kuka-Abrams neLeopard.