I-ORP Grom - izinhlelo nokusebenza
ORP Thunder emgwaqeni e-Gdynia.
Ngaphezu kokugubha iminyaka engama-80 ukuphakanyiswa kwefulegi, uMeyi 4 uphawula omunye unyaka wokushona kwe-Grom ORP. Lokhu kwaba ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kangaka kwemikhumbi yasePoland ezimpini zaseNtshonalanga, futhi izimo zokufa kwalo mkhumbi omuhle zisacatshangelwa kuze kube namuhla. Isikhuthazo esengeziwe salokhu kucatshangelwa ukuhlola komkhumbi ocwile okwenziwa ngo-2010 ngabatshuzi basePoland abavela ku-Baltic Diving Society kanye nemibhalo eyalungiswa ngaleso sikhathi. Kodwa kulesi sihloko, sizobheka umsuka we-Grom futhi sizame ukukhombisa ezinye zezinguquko kumadokhumenti amathenda aholele ekucushweni kokugcina kwale mikhumbi.
Njengoba kwaziwa (phakathi kwalabo abanentshisekelo), amathenda amathathu amenyezelwe ngaphambi kokwakhiwa kombhangqwana owaziwa kakhulu wababhubhisi basePoland - iGrom neBlyskavitsa. Eyokuqala emibili (isiFulentshi nesiSwidi) ayiphumelelanga, futhi abafundi abanentshisekelo badluliselwa esihlokweni sombhali esithi "Ukufuna Ababhubhisi Abasha" ("Ulwandle, Imikhumbi Nemikhumbi" 4/2000) nasekushicilelweni kwendlu yokushicilela ye-AJ-Press. "Izibhubhisi Zohlobo Lokuduma", ingxenye 1″, Gdansk 2002.
Ithenda yesithathu, ebaluleke kakhulu, yamenyezelwa ngoJulayi 1934. Kwamenywa izindawo zemikhumbi zaseBrithani: Thornycroft, Cammell Laird, Hawthorn Leslie, Swan Hunter, Vickers-Armstrongs kanye noYarrow. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, ngo-August 2, 1934, incwadi yomnikelo kanye nemininingwane ebekiwe nayo yanikezwa ummeleli wendawo yemikhumbi kaJohn Samuel White eCowes.
Imikhumbi yemikhumbi yaseBrithani ngaleso sikhathi yayiwumhlinzeki oyinhloko wababhubhisi ukuze bathunyelwe ngaphandle. Ngo-1921-1939, badlulisela imikhumbi engu-7 yalelikilasi emazweni angu-25 eYurophu naseNingizimu Melika; amanye angu-45 akhiwa ezindaweni zemikhumbi ezakhiweni zaseBrithani noma ngosizo lwabaseBrithani. Amatilosi aseGreece, eSpain, eNetherlands, eYugoslavia, ePoland, ePortugal, eRomania naseTurkey, kanye nase-Argentina, eBrazil naseChile asebenzisa ababhubhisi abaklanywe amaNgisi (noma ngosizo lwabo). I-Italy, eyesibili kulesi simo, yaziqhenya ngababhubhisi abayi-10 abakhelwe iRomania, iGreece neTurkey, kuyilapho iFrance ithumela kuphela ababhubhisi abangu-3 ePoland naseYugoslavia (kanye nabangu-2 abanelayisensi).
AbaseBrithani basabela ngokushesha ezicelweni zasePoland. Njengamanje sijwayelane namaphrojekthi amabili adalwe ukuphendula ithenda ehlinzekwa yizinkampani zemikhumbi i-Thornycroft kanye ne-Swan Hunter; imidwebo yabo yavezwa encwadini eshiwo ngenhla ye-AJ-Press. Yomibili imikhumbi enomkhumbi wokubhubhisa wakudala, onomnsalo ophakanyisiwe kanye nesithunzi esiphansi uma kuqhathaniswa. Kwakukhona indawo yokudubula eyodwa enezibhamu ezimbili ezingama-120-mm emnsalweni, kanye nezindawo ezimbili ezifanayo ngasemuva, ngokuhambisana “Nemininingwane Yezobuchwepheshe Yephrojekthi Yombhubhisi”, eyakhishwa yi-Navy (ngemuva kwalokhu - i-KMZ) ngoJanuwari 1934. Kokubili amaphrojekthi nawo anama-turrets amabili.
Emhlanganweni owawungoSepthemba 4, 1934, iKhomishana Yethenda yakhetha isiphakamiso senkampani yaseBrithani uJohn Thornycroft Co. Ltd. eSouthampton, kodwa intengo ibiphezulu kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokhu okungenhla, ngo-December 1934, kwaqala izingxoxo nesikhungo semikhumbi sika-J.S. White. Ngesicelo sohlangothi lwasePoland, indawo yokusebenzela umkhumbi yenza izinguquko eziningi emklamweni, futhi ngo-January 1935, umklami omkhulu weWhite Shipyard, uMnumzane H. Carey, wafika eGdynia futhi wabona iVihra neBurza lapho. Wethulwe ngemibono yasePoland eqoqwe ngemva kweminyaka eminingana yokusebenza kwale mikhumbi, futhi wahlongoza izinguquko uhlangothi lwasePoland olwaluzibheka njengezibalulekile.
Ngeshwa, okwamanje asikakwazi ukubukeka okuqondile kwephrojekthi eyethulwa yi-shipyard JS White. Kodwa-ke, singathola umbono othile ngabo, sisebenzisa imidwebo etholakala emibhalweni ye-Polish Optical Factories. I-PZO yaklama (futhi kamuva yakhiqizwa) amasethi amathuluzi okulawula umlilo wezikhali zasolwandle neziqhumane ze-torpedo ze-Grom ne-Blyskavitsa futhi ngokusobala yaziswa ngezinguquko zedizayini, okungenzeka zazihlongozwe yi-KMW.
