Operation Husky ingxenye 1
Isikebhe sokufika se-LCM sokuhlala sigxuma sisuka ohlangothini lwe-USS Leonard Wood silibangise emabhishi aseSicily; NgoJulayi 10, 1943
Mayelana nezimpi zakamuva lapho umlando unikeze ukugqama okukhulu kuzo, njenge-Operation Overlord, ukufika kwe-Allied eSicily kungase kubonakale njengomcimbi omncane. Nokho, ehlobo lika-1943, akekho owacabanga ngakho. I-Operation Husky kwakuyisinyathelo sokuqala esiwujuqu esithathwe ngabalingani baseNtshonalanga ukukhulula iYurophu. Nokho, ngaphezu kwakho konke, kwakuwumsebenzi wokuqala omkhulu wokuhlanganisa amabutho olwandle, ezomoya kanye nasemhlabeni - empeleni, ukuqeqeshelwa izingubo zokufika eNormandy ngonyaka ozayo. Icindezelwe isipiliyoni esibi somkhankaso waseNyakatho Afrika kanye nobandlululo olwaba umphumela weNhlangano Ehlangene, yabonakala ingenye yezingxabano ezinkulu emlandweni wombimbi lwamaNgisi namaMelika.
Ngo-1942/1943, uRoosevelt noChurchill babengaphansi kwengcindezi evela kuStalin. Impi yaseStalingrad yayisaqhubeka, futhi amaRussia ayefuna ukuba "i-front front" idalwe eNtshonalanga Yurophu ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, eyayizoyikhulula. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, amabutho amaNgisi namaMelika ayengakakulungeli ukuhlasela i-English Channel, njengoba ukufika kwe-Dieppe ngo-August 1942 kwabonisa kabuhlungu. Indawo okuwukuphela kwayo e-Europe lapho ama-Western Allies ayengase azibeke engcupheni yokulwa namaJalimane emhlabeni kwakuyimingcele eseningizimu yezwekazi. .
"Sizoba yinhlekisa"
Umqondo wokufika kwe-amphibious e-Sicily waqala ukuvela eLondon ehlobo lika-1942, lapho i-War Cabinet's Joint Planning Staff iqala ukucabangela ukusebenza okungenzeka kwamabutho aseBrithani ngo-1943. Kwabe sekukhonjwa okuhloswe okubalulekile okubili okubalulekile oLwandle iMedithera, iSicily neSardinia, eyathola amagama ekhodi ethi Husky neSulfur. ISardinia ebivikeleke kancane ibingabanjwa ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule, kodwa bekuyithagethi ebithembisa kancane. Nakuba yayilungele ukusebenza kwezindiza ukusuka lapho, amabutho angaphansi angayisebenzisa kuphela njengesizinda se-commando sokuhlasela eningizimu yeFrance kanye nezwe lase-Italy. Ububi obuyinhloko baseSardinia ngokombono wezempi kwakuwukuntuleka kwamachweba namabhishi afaneleka ukufika olwandle.
Nakuba ukunqoba kweBrithani e-El Alamein kanye nokufika okuphumelelayo kwe-Allied eMorocco nase-Algeria (Operation Torch) ngo-November 1942 kwanika ama-Allies ithemba lokuqeda ngokushesha ukulwa eNyakatho Afrika, uChurchill waduma: “Siyoba inhlekisa uma intwasahlobo iqala ukuvela. nasehlobo lika-1943 kuvele ukuthi awekho amabutho aphansi aseBrithani noma aseMelika alwayo noma kuphi neJalimane noma i-Italy. Ngakho-ke, ekugcineni, ukukhethwa kweSicily njengenhloso yomkhankaso olandelayo kwanqunywa ukucatshangelwa kwezombusazwe - lapho uhlela izenzo ze-1943, uChurchill kwadingeka acabangele isilinganiso somsebenzi ngamunye ukuze akwazi ukuwethula kuStalin. njengomgomo wokuthatha indawo ethembekile yokuhlasela kweFrance. Ngakho-ke ukukhetha kwawela eSicily - nakuba kulesi sigaba ithemba lokuqhuba umsebenzi we-amphibious lapho alizange livuse isasasa.
Ngokombono wamasu, ukuqala wonke umkhankaso wase-Italy kwaba yiphutha, futhi ukufika eSicily kwaba ukuqala komgwaqo ongayi ndawo. I-Battle of Monte Cassino ifakazela ukuthi ukuhlasela kweNhlonhlo yase-Apennine ewumngcingo, enezintaba kwakunzima futhi kwakunegazi kangakanani. Ithemba lokuketula uMussolini laliyinduduzo encane, njengoba amaNtaliyane, njengabalingani, ayewumthwalo omkhulu kumaJalimane kunempahla. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ingxabano, yenza i-retroactively kancane, nayo yawa - ngokuphambene namathemba abalingani, ukuhlasela kwabo okwalandela oLwandle LwaseMedithera akuzange kubophe amabutho ezitha ezinkulu futhi akuzange kunikeze impumuzo enkulu kwezinye izinhlangothi (empumalanga, nasentshonalanga. ).
AbaseBrithani, nakuba bona ngokwabo bengaqinisekanga ngokuhlaselwa kweSicily, manje kwadingeka bazuze lo mbono kubantu baseMelika abangabazayo nakakhulu. Isizathu salokhu kwakuyingqungquthela yaseCasablanca ngo-January 1943. Lapho, uChurchill "waqopha" uRoosevelt (uStalin wenqaba ngokudelela ukuza) ukuze enze i-Operation Husky, uma kungenzeka, ngoJuni - ngokushesha ngemva kokunqoba okulindelekile eNyakatho Afrika. Ukungabaza kusasele. NjengoKaputeni Butcher, umsizi wasolwandle ka-Eisenhower: Ngemva kokuthatha iSicily, samane saququda emaceleni.
"Kufanele abe yinduna enkulu, hhayi mina."
E-Casablanca, amaNgisi, azilungiselele kangcono lezi zingxoxo, azuza enye impumelelo ngokulahlekelwa umlingani wawo. Nakuba uGeneral Dwight Eisenhower wayengumkhuzi-in-chief, zonke ezinye izikhundla ezibalulekile zathathwa ngabaseBrithani. Iphini lika-Eisenhower kanye nomkhuzi oyinhloko webutho elihlangene phakathi nemikhankaso yaseTunisia kanye nemikhankaso eyalandela, kuhlanganise naseSicily, kwakunguGeneral Harold Alexander. Amabutho asolwandle afakwa ngaphansi komyalo ka-Adm. Andrew Cunningham, Umkhuzi weRoyal Navy eMedithera. Ngokulandelayo, umthwalo wemfanelo wezindiza wabelwa uMarshal Arthur Tedder, umkhuzi we-Allied Air Force eMedithera.
