Wasindisa izigidi zezimpilo - uWilson Greatbatch

Wayebizwa ngokuthi "ungumuntu othobekile wokuzenzela." Leli shede elenziwe ekhaya libe yisibonelo sokuqala se-pacemaker yango-1958, idivayisi eyavumela izigidi zabantu ukuba ziphile ukuphila okuvamile.

Wazalwa ngoSepthemba 6, 1919 eBuffalo, indodana yomfokazi oyiNgisi. Yaqanjwa ngoMongameli waseMelika, owayedume kakhulu ePoland, uWoodrow Wilson.

ISIHLOKO: Wilson Greatbatch                                Idethi nendawo yokuzalwa: September 6, 1919, Buffalo, New York, USA (wafa ngo-September 27, 2011)                             Ubuzwe: Isimo somshado saseMelika: ushadile, izingane ezinhlanu                                Inhlanhla: Isungulwe ngumsunguli, iGreatbatch Ltd. ayifakwanga ohlwini lwe-stock exchange - inani layo lilinganiselwa ezigidini eziyizinkulungwane zamaRandi.                           Imfundo: Cornell University, State University of New York eBuffalo                                              Okuhlangenwe nakho: isifaki socingo, umphathi wenkampani kagesi, umfundisi wasenyuvesi, usomabhizinisi Izintshisekelo: Isikebhe sika-DIY

Lapho esemusha, waba nesithakazelo kwezobunjiniyela bomsakazo. Phakathi neMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, wakhonza ebuthweni njengengcweti yezokuxhumana emsakazweni. Ngemva kwempi, wasebenza njengomlungisi wezingcingo unyaka, wabe esefundela ugesi nobunjiniyela kuqala eNyuvesi yaseCornell wabe eseya eNyuvesi yaseBuffalo, lapho athola khona iziqu ze-master. Wayengeyena umfundi omuhle kakhulu, kodwa lokhu kuchazwa ukuthi, ngaphezu kokufunda, kwadingeka asebenze ukuze ondle umkhaya wakhe - ngo-1945 washada no-Eleanor Wright. Umsebenzi wamvumela ukuba abe seduze nezenzakalo ezihlobene nokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwe-electronics yangaleso sikhathi. Ngemva kokuthola iziqu zenkosi yakhe, waba umphathi weTaber Instrument Corporation eBuffalo.

Ngeshwa, inkampani ibingazimisele kakhulu ukubeka engcupheni futhi itshale imali ekusungulweni okusha ebifuna ukusebenza kukho. Ngakho wanquma ukumshiya. Wenza imisebenzi ezimele esekelwe emibonweni yakhe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kusukela ngo-1952 kuya ku-1957, wayefundisa emzini wakhe eBuffalo.

UWilson Greatbatch wayengusosayensi oshisekayo owayehlatshwe umxhwele ukuthi kungenzeka ukusebenzisa amadivaysi kagesi ukuthuthukisa izinga lethu lokuphila. Wasebenzisa imishini ekwazi ukukala umfutho wegazi, ushukela, izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo, amaza obuchopho nanoma yini enye engalinganiswa.

Uzosindisa izinkulungwane zabantu

Ngo-1956, wayesebenza ngomshini owawuzokwenza ukushaya kwenhliziyo okuqoshiwe. Lapho kuhlanganiswa izifunda, i-resistor ayizange ithengiswe, njengoba kwakuhleliwe ekuqaleni. Iphutha laba nemiphumela, ngoba umphumela waba ithuluzi elisebenza ngokuhambisana nesigqi senhliziyo yomuntu. UWilson wayekholelwa ukuthi ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo nokuphazamiseka ekusebenzeni kwemisipha yenhliziyo, okubangelwa ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa noma okutholiwe, kunganxeshezelwa ngokushaya kwenhliziyo okwenziwa.

Umshini kagesi esiwubiza namuhla i-pacemaker, efakwe emzimbeni wesiguli, isetshenziselwa ukuvuselela ukushaya kwenhliziyo ngogesi. Ithatha indawo ye-pacemaker yemvelo, okungukuthi, i-node ye-sinus, lapho iyeka ukwenza umsebenzi wayo noma ukuphazamiseka kokuqhuba kwenzeka ku-node ye-atrioventricular.

I-Greatbatch yaqhamuka nombono we-pacemaker efakekayo ngo-1956, kodwa yaqale yenqatshwa. Ngokombono wakhe, izinga le-miniaturization ye-electronics ngaleso sikhathi lalingabandakanyi ukwakhiwa kwesikhuthazi esiwusizo, ingasaphathwa yokufakwa kwayo emzimbeni. Kodwa-ke, waqala umsebenzi wokwenza i-miniaturizing i-pacemaker futhi enze isihlangu sokuvikela uhlelo lwe-elekthronikhi oketshezini lomzimba.

U-Wilson Greatbatch one-pacemaker engalweni yakhe

NgoMeyi 7, 1958, iGreatbatch, kanye nodokotela basesibhedlela iVeterans Administration eBuffalo, babonisa umshini, owehliswe waba umthamo wama-cubic centimeters ambalwa, owashukumisa inhliziyo yenja ngempumelelo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, waqaphela ukuthi kwakungeyena yedwa emhlabeni owayecabanga futhi esebenza ngomshini wokushaya inhliziyo. Ngaleso sikhathi, ucwaningo olunzulu ngalesi sixazululo lwenziwa okungenani ezikhungweni eziningana zaseMelika naseSweden.

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, uWilson wazinikela kuphela ekusebenzeni ekusungulweni. Wazigcina esibayeni emzini wakhe eClarence, eNew York. Umkakhe u-Eleanor wamsiza ekuhloleni kwakhe, futhi umhlanganyeli wakhe obaluleke kakhulu kwezokwelapha kwaba UDkt. William S. Chardak, udokotela omkhulu ohlinzayo esibhedlela saseNyathi. Lapho beqala ukuhlangana, kubikwa ukuthi uWilson wabuza ukuthi, njengodokotela, angaba nesithakazelo yini kumshini wokushaya inhliziyo ofakelwayo. UChardak uthe, "Uma ungenza into efana nale, uzokonga u-10." impilo yabantu minyaka yonke."

Amabhethri awuguquko lwangempela

I-pacemaker yokuqala esekelwe embonweni wakhe yafakwa ngo-1960. Ukuhlinzwa kwenzeke esibhedlela saseBuffalo ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukaChardak. Isiguli esineminyaka engu-77 sihlala nalo mshini izinyanga eziyishumi nesishiyagalombili. Ngo-1961, ukusungulwa kwagunyazwa iMedtronic eseMinneapolis, eyaba ngumholi wemakethe ngokushesha. Njengamanje, umbono okhona ukuthi idivayisi ye-Chardak-Greatbatch yangaleso sikhathi ayizange ihluke kweminye imiklamo yangaleso sikhathi ngokwemigomo yezobuchwepheshe engcono noma umklamo. Nokho, iwine umncintiswano ngoba abadali bayo benza izinqumo zebhizinisi ezingcono kunabanye. Omunye wale micimbi kwaba ukudayiswa kwelayisensi.

Unjiniyela weGreatbatch wenze ingcebo ngokusungula kwakhe. Ngakho wanquma ukubhekana nenkinga yobuchwepheshe obusha - amabhethri e-mercury-zinceyathatha iminyaka emibili kuphela, engagculisi muntu.

Ithole amalungelo obuchwepheshe bebhethri ye-lithium iodide. Uyiphendule yaba yisixazululo esiphephile njengoba ekuqaleni bekuyiziqhumane. Ngo-1970 wasungula inkampani UWilson Greatbatch Ltd. (Okwamanje I-Greatbatch LLC), eyayisebenza ekukhiqizeni amabhethri ama-pacemakers. Ngo-1971 wathuthukiswa ngokusekelwe ku-lithium iodide. Ibhethri RG-1. Kwaqala ukumelana nalobu buchwepheshe, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwaba yindlela ebusayo yokuqalisa amandla. Ukuduma kwayo kunqunywa ukuminyana kwayo okuphezulu kakhulu, ukuzikhipha okuphansi kanye nokuthembeka kukonke.

I-Greatbatch ku-kayak yelanga eyenziwe ekhaya

Ngokusho kwabaningi, ukusetshenziswa kwalawa mabhethri kuphela okwenze kwaba nokwenzeka impumelelo yangempela yesiqalisi esikalini esikhulu. Isidingo sokuphinda ukuhlinzwa ezigulini ezingakaze zibe nandaba nempilo yazo sesinyamalele. Njengamanje, imishini enjalo engaba yisigidi ifakwa minyaka yonke emhlabeni wonke.

Isebenza kuze kube sekupheleni

Isithombe se-X-ray sesiguli esine-pacemaker

Izinto ezisunguliwe zenza i-Greatbatch idume futhi icebile, kodwa waqhubeka esebenza kwaze kwaba sekugugeni kwakhe. Sekukonke wayenelungelo lobunikazi ngaphezu 325 okusunguliwe. Lokhu kuhlanganisa amathuluzi okucwaninga ngengculaza kanye ne-kayak esebenza ngamandla elanga umsunguli ngokwakhe ayigibele amakhilomitha angaphezu kuka-250 ohambweni olunqamula amachibi eSifundazwe saseNew York ukuze agubhe usuku lwakhe lokuzalwa lwama-72.

Kamuva empilweni yakhe, uWilson wenza amaphrojekthi amasha futhi afisa ukuvelela. Isibonelo, utshale isikhathi nemali yakhe ekwakheni ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza amafutha asekelwe esitshalweni noma ukubamba iqhaza emsebenzini weNyuvesi yaseWisconsin-Madison wokwakha i-fusion reactor. "Ngifuna ukukhipha i-OPEC emakethe," kusho yena.

Ngo-1988, iGreatbatch yamukelwa enhlanganweni ehlonishwayo. I-National Inventors Hall of Famenjengesithixo sakhe uThomas Edison ngaphambili. Wayethanda ukunikeza izinkulumo kubantu abasha, lapho ephinda: “Ungesabi ukwehluleka. Iziqalo eziyisishiyagalolunye kweziyishumi zizobe zingenamsebenzi. Kodwa oweshumi uzakuba nguye. Yonke imizamo izothela." Lapho amehlo akhe engasamvumeli ukuba azifundele ngokwakhe amaphepha abafundi bonjiniyela, wamphoqa ukuba awafundele unobhala wakhe.

IGreatbatch yaklonyeliswa ngendondo ngo-1990. Indondo Kazwelonke Yobuchwepheshe. Ngo-2000, washicilela umlando wakhe, The Making of the Pacemaker: Celebrating a Life-Saving Invention.