I-charm eyinkimbinkimbi - ingxenye 2
Umlando we-T+A waqala ngezintambo zikagesi, ezathakazelisa abaklami eminyakeni eminingi edlule. Kamuva bakhishwa inyumbazane, ngakho sibona izivalo zalolu hlobo njalo ngemva kweminyaka embalwa, futhi lokhu, kusivumela ukuba sikhumbule isimiso sokusebenza kwazo.
Akuwona wonke amadizayini we-T+A (isipikha) ayesekelwe futhi namanje asasekelwe ekusebenzeni. umugqa wokudluliselaKodwa-ke, igama lochungechunge lweCriterion lihlotshaniswa phakade nalesi sixazululo, sapheleliswa inkampani kusukela ngo-1982. Esizukulwaneni ngasinye, lezi kwakuwuchungechunge lonke olunamamodeli anamandla, amakhulu kakhulu kunanamuhla, kodwa ukuthi ama-dinosaur amakhulu afa kanjani. Ngakho-ke sabona imiklamo enama-woofer amabili izipikha ezingama-30, amasekhethi anezindlela ezine ngisho nanezindlela ezinhlanu (TMP220), amakhabethe anamasekhethi e-acoustic angajwayelekile, futhi anamaza aphansi abekwe ngaphakathi (phakathi kwegumbi elinembobo noma igumbi elivaliwe kanye ne-labyrinth ende. - isibonelo TV160).
Lesi sihloko - i-labyrinth yezinhlobo ezahlukene zezintambo zamandla - abaklami be-T + A baye bafinyelela lapho kungekho omunye umkhiqizi. Kodwa-ke, ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-90s, ukuthuthukela ezinkingeni eziqhubekayo kwehla, i-minimalism yangena emfashinini, imiklamo elula ehlelekile yazuza ukwethenjwa kwama-audiophiles, futhi umthengi "ojwayelekile" wayeka ukuthanda usayizi wezikhulumi, kaningi bafuna. into ezacile nenhle. Ngakho-ke, kube nokuhlehla okuthile ekwakhiweni kwesikhulisazwi, ingxenye yomqondo ojwayelekile, ngokwengxenye esuselwe ezidingweni ezintsha zemakethe. Ukunciphisa kanye nosayizi, kanye "ne-patency", kanye nokuhlelwa kwangaphakathi kwama-hulls. Kodwa-ke, i-T+A ayikadeli emcabangweni wokuthuthukiswa kwentambo yamandla, ukuzibophezela okuvela esikweni lochungechunge lwe-Criterion.
Kodwa-ke, umqondo ophelele wendawo ebiyelwe yesipikha esisebenza njengolayini wokudlulisela akuyona intuthuko ye-T+A. Ihlala, kunjalo, indala kakhulu.
Umqondo wolayini wokudlulisa owenziwe kahle uthembisa izulu le-acoustic emhlabeni, kodwa ngokwenza lokho kudala imiphumela emibi engadingeki okunzima ukubhekana nayo. Abawaxazululi amacala izinhlelo zokulingisa ezidumile - ukuzama kanzima namaphutha kusadinga ukusetshenziswa. Inkinga enjalo iye yadumaza abakhiqizi abaningi abafuna izixazululo ezinenzuzo, nakuba isaheha abantu abaningi abazithandayo.
I-T+A Ibiza Indlela Yayo Yakamuva Yolayini Wokudlulisa I-KTL (). Umkhiqizi uphinde ashicilele isigaba samacala, okulula ukusichaza nokusiqonda. Ngaphandle kwekamelo elincane le-midrange, okuyinto, vele, alihlangene nolayini wokudlulisela, ingxenye yawo wonke umthamo wekhabhinethi ihlalwa yikamelo elakhiwe ngokushesha ngemuva kokubili ama-woofers. "Ixhunywe" emhubheni oholela endaweni yokuphuma futhi yenza isiphetho esifushane. Futhi konke kucacile, nakuba le nhlanganisela ibonakala okokuqala. Lokhu akuwona umugqa wokudlulisa wakudala, kodwa kunalokho i-inverter yesigaba - enegumbi elinokuhambisana okuthile (njalo kuye ngokuthi indawo "emisiwe" kuyo, okungukuthi maqondana nendawo yokuvula eholela emhubheni) futhi umhubhe onenqwaba yomoya.
Lezi zakhi ezimbili zakha isekethe ezwakalayo ene-fixed (by mass and susceptibility) imvamisa ye-resonant - njengaku-inverter yesigaba. Kodwa-ke, ngokwesici, umhubhe mude ngendlela emangalisayo futhi unendawo enkulu ephambanayo ye-inverter yesigaba - enezinzuzo kanye nokubi, ngakho lesi sixazululo asisetshenziswa kuma-inverter wesigaba esijwayelekile. Indawo enkulu engaphezulu iyinzuzo njengoba inciphisa isivinini sokugeleza komoya futhi iqeda isiyaluyalu. Kodwa-ke, njengoba inciphisa kakhulu ukuthobela imithetho, idinga ukwanda kwesisindo somhubhe ngenxa yokwelulwa kwawo ukuze kusungulwe imvamisa ezwakalayo ephansi ngokwanele. Futhi umhubhe omude uyi-drawback ku-inverter yesigaba, njengoba ivusa ukubukeka kwama-parasitic resonances. Ngasikhathi sinye, umhubhe oku-CTL 2100 awumude kangako ukuthi ubangele ukushintshwa kwesigaba esifiselekayo samafrikhwensi aphansi kakhulu, njengakumugqa wokudlulisela wakudala. Umkhiqizi ngokwakhe uphakamisa lolu daba, ethi:
“Ulayini wokudlulisela unikeza izinzuzo ezingathi sína ngaphezu kwesistimu ye-bass reflex, kodwa idinga idizayini ethuthuke kakhulu (…), indlela yomsindo ngemuva kwama-woofers (kulayini wokudlulisela) kufanele ibe yinde kakhulu - njengesitho - ngaphandle kwalokho amaza aphansi ngeke zenziwe.”
Kuyathakazelisa ngempela ukuthi lapho wenza isimemezelo esinjalo, umenzi akagcini nje ngokuhambisana naso, kodwa futhi ushicilela izinto ezibonakalayo (isigaba secala) esiqinisekisa lokhu kungafani. Ngenhlanhla, amaza aphansi azokhiqizwa kuphela isenzo sokungewona ulayini wokudlulisela, kodwa nje uhlelo olubambezelekile lwe-bass reflex, “ngendlela yalo” eyethula amashifu esigaba esizuzisayo ngaphandle kokudinga umhubhe onobude obuhlotshaniswa nemvamisa yokunqamuka okulindelekile - lokhu kuncike kwamanye amapharamitha wesistimu, ikakhulukazi asuka kumvamisa ye-Helmholtz resonant eshiwo ukuthobela nesisindo. Siyazazi lezi zici (eziphinde zihunyushwe njengezintambo zikagesi, okuzenza zibukeke kakhulu), kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi i-T + A yengeze enye into kuyo - ishaneli efile emfushane efanayo engakaze ibe lapha kusukela umbukiso.
Iziteshi ezinjalo nazo zitholakala ezimweni ezinezintambo zokudlulisela, kodwa ezijwayelekile kakhulu, ngaphandle kwekhamera yokuxhumana. Babangela ukuthi igagasi elivezwe esiteshini esiyimpumputhe libuyele emuva esigabeni, linxephezela ama-resonances angathandeki wesiteshi esikhulu, okungase futhi kube nengqondo esimweni sesistimu ye-inverter yesigaba, ngoba ama-resonances we-parasitic nawo akhiwa kuwo. Lo mbono uqinisekiswa ngokubona ukuthi isiteshi esiyimpumputhe siyingxenye yesikhathi eside kunesiyinhloko, futhi lesi yisimo sokusebenzisana okunjalo.
Ukufingqa, lokhu akuwona umugqa wokudlulisela, ikakhulukazi inverter yesigaba enesixazululo esithile, eyaziwa kwezinye izintambo zokudlulisela (futhi asikhulumi ngesiteshi eside, kodwa mayelana nesifushane). Le nguqulo ye-inverter yesigaba kokubili ingokoqobo futhi inezinzuzo zayo, ikakhulukazi uma uhlelo ludinga umhubhe omude (hhayi ngempela ingxenye enkulu kangaka).
Ububi obuqinisekile balesi sixazululo, ngezilinganiso eziphakanyiswe yi-T+A (nomhubhe omkhulu kangaka ohlukanisa izingxenye), ukuthi uhlelo lomhubhe luthatha cishe ingxenye yevolumu ephelele yebhokisi, kuyilapho abaklami bevame ukuba ngaphansi kwengcindezi yokukhawulela usayizi wesakhiwo kunani elingaphansi kwesilinganiso esiphezulu sokuthola imiphumela engcono kakhulu (kusetshenziswa izipikha ezingashintshi).
Ngakho-ke singaphetha ngokuthi i-T + A iphinde idliswe ulayini wokudlulisela futhi iza namacala empeleni adlala indima yama-inverters wesigaba, kodwa angafuna imigqa ehloniphekile. Umhubhe wawudlula odongeni olungezansi, ngakho-ke kwakudingeka izikhonkwane eziphakeme ngokwanele (amasentimitha amahlanu) ukuze kulungiselelwe ukusabalalisa kwamahhala kokucindezela. Kodwa lokhu futhi kuyisixazululo esaziwa ... ama-inverters wesigaba.
Ulayini wokudlulisela ngokubuka nje
Ngemuva kwama-woofers kukhona ikamelo elikhulu, futhi ukusuka lapho kuphela imigudu iyahamba - enye imfushane, ivaliwe ekugcineni, enye yinde, ngokuphuma kuphaneli elingezansi.
Isiqalo sendawo ebiyelwe yolayini wokudlulisa kwakuwukudala izimo ezikahle ze-acoustic zokudambisa igagasi ngemuva kwe-diaphragm. Lolu hlobo lokubiyela bekufanele kube uhlelo olungazwani, kodwa kuphela ukuhlukanisa amandla ohlangothini olungemuva lwe-diaphragm (obengeke "luvunyelwe kalula" ukuba lukhanye ngokukhululeka ngoba lwalusesigabeni sohlangothi olungaphambili lwe-diaphragm. ). ).
Omunye uzothi uhlangothi oluphambene lwe-diaphragm luphuma ngokukhululekile ezingxenyeni ezivulekile ... Yebo, kodwa ukulungiswa kwesigaba (okungenani ingxenye futhi kuye ngokuthi imvamisa) kunikezwa lapho ngokuhlukaniswa okubanzi okuhlukanisa ibanga ukusuka ezinhlangothini zombili ze-diaphragm kuya. umlaleli. Njengomphumela wokushintsha kwesigaba esikhulu esiqhubekayo phakathi kokukhipha okuvela ezinhlangothini zombili zolwelwesi, ikakhulukazi kububanzi befrikhwensi ephansi kakhulu, ububi be-baffle evulekile ukusebenza kahle okuphansi. Kuma-inverters wesigaba, uhlangothi olungemuva lwe-diaphragm lukhuthaza ukujikeleza komzimba okuzwakalayo, amandla aphuma ngaphandle, kodwa lolu hlelo (olubizwa ngokuthi i-Helmholtz resonator) luphinde lushintshe isigaba, ukuze imvamisa ye-resonant yomzimba. iphakeme kulo lonke uhla, isigaba semisebe sohlangothi olungaphambili lwe-diaphragm yesipika futhi imbobo ihambisana kakhulu - kancane.
Okokugcina, ikhabhinethi evaliwe iyindlela elula yokuvala nokucindezela amandla avela ngemuva kwe-diaphragm, ngaphandle kokuyisebenzisa, ngaphandle kokuphazamisa impendulo yomfutho (okubangelwa isifunda se-resonant ye-bass reflex cabinet). Kodwa-ke, ngisho nomsebenzi onjalo ongokomcabango olula udinga ukukhuthala - amagagasi aphuma ngaphakathi kwekesi ashaya izindonga zawo, awenze adlidlize, abonise futhi adale amagagasi amile, abuyele ku-diaphragm, futhi ethule ukuhlanekezela.
Ngokweqile, bekungaba ngcono uma isipikha “singadlulisa” ngokukhululeka amandla ukusuka ngemuva kwe-diaphragm kuya ohlelweni lwesipika, oluzoludambisa ngokuphelele futhi ngaphandle kwezinkinga - ngaphandle "kwempendulo" kumbhobho futhi ngaphandle kokudlidliza kodonga lwekhabhinethi. . Ngokwethiyori, uhlelo olunjalo luzodala umzimba omkhulu ngokungenamkhawulo noma umhubhe omude ngokungenamkhawulo, kodwa ... lesi yisixazululo esisebenzayo.
Kubonakale sengathi ubude obanele (kodwa obuvele buqediwe), obufakwe kuphrofayili (obuthi ukuncipha kancane ngasekupheleni) kanye nomhubhe oswakanyiswe amanzi uzohlangabezana nalezi zidingo okungenani ngezinga eligculisayo, usebenza kangcono kunoqwembe lwakudala oluvaliwe. Kodwa futhi kwabonakala kunzima ukuyithola. Amafrikhwensi aphansi kakhulu made kangangokuthi ngisho nolayini kagesi wamamitha ambalwa ubude acishe awashonise. Ngaphandle uma, kunjalo, "siyipakisha kabusha" ngezinto ezimanzi, ezizokwehlisa ukusebenza kwezinye izindlela.
Ngakho-ke, kwaphakama umbuzo: ingabe ulayini wokudlulisela kufanele uphele ekugcineni noma uwushiye uvulekile futhi ukhulule amandla afinyelela kuwo?
Cishe bonke izinketho zomugqa wamandla - kokubili okujwayelekile nokukhethekile - kune-labyrinth evulekile. Kodwa-ke, kukhona okungenani okukodwa okuhlukile okubaluleke kakhulu - icala le-B&W Nautilus yasekuqaleni ene-labyrinth evaliwe ekugcineni (ngesimo segobolondo lomnenke). Nokho, lokhu ngezindlela eziningi kuyisakhiwo esithile. Ihlanganiswe ne-woofer enekhwalithi ephansi kakhulu, izici zokucubungula ziwa ngokushelela, kodwa kusenesikhathi, futhi kufomu elinjalo elihlaza alifaneleki nhlobo - kufanele lilungiswe, likhuliswe futhi lilingane nemvamisa elindelekile, okuyinto kwenziwa yi-Nautilus crossover esebenzayo.
Emigqeni yokudlulisela evulekile, amandla amaningi akhishwa ngemuva kwe-diaphragm ayaphuma. Umsebenzi womugqa ngokwengxenye usebenzela ukuwudambisa, okuthi, nokho, ubonakale ungasebenzi, futhi ngokwengxenye - ngakho-ke kusenengqondo - ekushintsheni kwesigaba, ngenxa yokuthi igagasi lingakhishwa, okungenani kumabanga athile okuvama. , esigabeni esicishe sihambisane nemisebe yesigaba kusukela ngaphambili kwe-diaphragm. Kodwa-ke, kunezigaba lapho amagagasi avela kule mithombo aphuma cishe ku-antiphase, ngakho-ke ubuthakathaka buvela kusici esiwumphumela. Ukubalwa kwezimali kwalesi simo kwenza umklamo waba nzima nakakhulu. Kwakudingeka kuhlotshaniswe ubude bomhubhe, uhlobo nendawo yokuncishiswa nobubanzi besikhulisazwi. Kubuye kwavela ukuthi ama-half-wave nama-quarter-wave resonances angenzeka emhubheni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imigqa yokudlulisela etholakala emakhabetheni anezilinganiso zesipikha esivamile, ngisho noma zizinkulu futhi zinde, kufanele "zisongwe". Yingakho zifana nama-labyrinths - futhi ingxenye ngayinye ye-labyrinth ingakhiqiza ama-resonances ayo.
Isixazululo sezinkinga ezithile ngokwenza icala libe nzima lidala ezinye izinkinga. Nokho, lokhu akusho ukuthi awukwazi ukuzuza imiphumela engcono.
Ekuhlaziyeni okwenziwe lula okucutshungulwa kuphela isilinganiso sobude be-maze ukuya kumaza amaza, i-maze ende isho ubude begagasi ende, ngaleyo ndlela iguqule ukushintsha kwesigaba esivumayo iye kumafrikhwensi aphansi futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kwayo. Isibonelo, ukukhulisa i-50 Hz okusebenza kahle kakhulu kudinga i-maze engu-3,4 m, njengoba ingxenye yegagasi elingu-50 Hz izohamba lelo banga, futhi ekugcineni okukhiphayo komhubhe kuzokhipha isigaba nengaphambili le-diaphragm. Kodwa-ke, ngokuphindwe kabili i-frequency (kulokhu, i-100 Hz), igagasi lonke lizokwakheka ku-maze, ngakho-ke okukhiphayo kuzokhipha esigabeni esibhekene ngqo nangaphambili kwe-diaphragm.
Umklami wolayini wokudlulisela olula uzama ukufanisa ubude nokuncishiswa ngendlela yokuthi asebenzise umphumela wokuzuza futhi anciphise umphumela wokunciphisa - kodwa kunzima ukuthola inhlanganisela enciphisa kangcono ngokuphindwe kabili amafrikhwensi aphezulu. . Okubi nakakhulu, ukulwa namagagasi abangela "ama-anti-resonances", okungukuthi, awela kusici esiwumphumela (esibonelweni sethu, esifundeni se-100 Hz), ngokucindezelwa okukhulu nakakhulu, kuvame ukuphela ekunqobeni kwePyrrhic. Lokhu kuncishiswa kuncishisiwe, nakuba kungaqediwe, kodwa kumafrikhwensi aphansi kakhulu ukusebenza nakho kulahleka kakhulu ngenxa yokucindezelwa kokunye futhi kulokhu imiphumela ewusizo ezwakalayo eyenzeka kule sekethi eyinkimbinkimbi. Uma uzicabangela ngemiklamo ethuthuke kakhulu, ubude be-labyrinth kufanele buhlobane nemvamisa yokukhala kwelawudispikha ngokwaso (fs) ukuze kutholwe umphumela wokusiza kulobu bubanzi.
Kuvela ukuthi, ngokuphambene nokucatshangelwa kokuqala mayelana nokungabikho kwethonya lolayini wokudlulisela kumbhobho, lolu uhlelo lwe-acoustic olunempendulo evela kumbhobho ngisho nangaphezulu kunekhabhinethi evaliwe, kanye ne-inverter yesigaba esifanayo. - ngaphandle uma, yiqiniso, i-labyrinth ayigxiliwe, kodwa ekusebenzeni amakhabhinethi anjalo azwakala emncane kakhulu.
Ngaphambilini, abaklami basebenzisa "amaqhinga" ahlukahlukene ukuze bacindezele ama-antiresonance ngaphandle kokudambisa okuqinile - okungukuthi, ngemisebe esebenzayo ephansi. Enye indlela ukwakha umhubhe owengeziwe "oyimpumputhe" (onobude obuhlobene ngokuqinile nobude bomhubhe omkhulu), lapho kuzovezwa khona igagasi lemvamisa ethile futhi ligijimele ekuphumeni kuleso sigaba ukuze kunxeshezelwe ukushintsha kwesigaba okungekuhle kwegagasi okuholela ekuphumeni ngokuqondile ukusuka kusipikha.
Enye indlela edumile ukwakha igumbi 'elibophayo' ngemuva kwesipika esizosebenza njengesihlungi se-acoustic, sivumele amafrikhwensi aphansi angene ku-maze futhi agcine aphezulu ngaphandle. Kodwa-ke, ngale ndlela kwakhiwa uhlelo lwe-resonant olunezici ze-inverter zesigaba ezishiwo. Icala elinjalo lingahunyushwa njenge-inverter yesigaba esinomhubhe omude kakhulu wesigaba esikhulu kakhulu sesiphambano. Kumakhabethe e-bass-reflex, izipikha ze-Qts eziphansi zifaneleka ngokomqondo, futhi ngomugqa okahle, wakudala wokudlulisa ongathinti isipikha, aphezulu, aphakeme kakhulu kunamakhabethe avaliwe.
Kodwa-ke, kukhona uthango "olunesakhiwo" esiphakathi: engxenyeni yokuqala, i-labyrinth ine-cross section ecacile enkulu kunaleyo elandelayo, ngakho-ke ingabhekwa njengekamelo, kodwa hhayi ngempela ... izolahlekelwa izici zayo ze-inverter yesigaba. Ungasebenzisa izipikha eziningi futhi uzibeke emabangeni ahlukene ukusuka lapho uphuma khona. Ungenza amasokhethi angaphezu kwelilodwa.
Umhubhe unganwetshwa noma ufinyezwe lapho uphuma khona...
Ayikho imithetho ecacile, akukho zokupheka ezilula, akukho siqinisekiso sempumelelo. Kunokuzijabulisa okwengeziwe nokuhlola okuzayo - yingakho ulayini wokusakaza useyisihloko sabathandi.
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