Okusha futhi okuqinile. Yilawa mayunithi okufanele akhethwe ezimotweni zesimanje. Abaphathi
Ngokuvamile izinjini zesimanje azihlotshaniswa nokuqina. Izixazululo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezisetshenziswa kuzo zinomthelela ekunciphiseni ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kanye nokungcoliswa kwemvelo okuncane, kodwa ezimweni eziningi ukuphila kwabo akuhlangene nabanduleli abalula. Nokho, hhayi njalo. Nazi izinjini ezincane ezi-4 ezisatholakala ezimotweni ezintsha ongazikhetha ngokuzethemba.
IToyota 1.0 P3
Yize iToyota ifuna ukwaziwa ngama-hybrid drives, iphinde ibe namayunithi kaphethroli anempumelelo. Iyunithi encane kunazo zonke ekunikezelweni kwaseYurophu okungaphansi kwe-1 ilitha yakhiwe yi-Daihatsu, ephethwe yilolu hlobo lwaseJapane, kodwa sihlonza isithuthuthu se-1KR-FE esisebenza kahle kumamodeli we-Aygo ne-Yaris. Kusukela yaqala ukuvela ngo-2005 Idivayisi eyenziwe e-Japan nase-Poland ihlale yamukelwe kahle kakhulu., okuyenze injini ehamba phambili esigabeni esingaphansi kuka-1L izikhathi ezine okhethweni lwamazwe ngamazwe lwe-"Engine of the Year".
Imibono emihle isuka ekucabangeni kwabadali, ababenomgomo ofanayo nale njini: ukuyigcina ilula ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngakho, kuyunithi ye-3-cylinder enesisindo esingu-70 kg kuphela, ayikho i-supercharger, akukho umjovo oqondile wamafutha, akukho shaft yebhalansi. Isifinyezo esithi VVT-i ekuqokweni sibhekisela kumasistimu wesikhathi se-valve aguquguqukayo, kodwa lapha alawula kuphela i-shaft yokungena.
Kungalindelwa imiphumela eminingana emicabangweni enjalo: ithrekhi Dynamics (amandla aphezulu angaba ngu-70 hp, okufanele anele, isibonelo, i-Yaris enabantu abaningana ebhodini) kanye nesiko eliphansi lomsebenzi, naphezu kwamandla amancane. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sinenani eliphansi lokuthenga kanye nezindleko zokulungisa eziphansi lapha. Iyunithi yesisekelo kububanzi nayo iyonga kakhulu (ukusetshenziswa kwangempela kukaphethiloli kungu-5-5,5 l/100 km, kuye ngemodeli) futhi akunankinga. Uma kunento eyodwa ehlulekayo ezinhlotsheni zakwaToyota ngale njini, ezinye izinto ezisetshenziswayo njenge-clutch. Nokho, lezi akuzona izinkinga ezizolimaza umnikazi.
IPeugeot/Citroen 1.2 PureTech
Ubufakazi obuphilayo bokuthi ukwehlisa abasebenzi akuholeli njalo ezinjinini "ezilahlwayo". Uma kubhekwa amazinga amasha, i-PSA yaseFrance ngo-2014 yethula iyunithi encane kaphethiloli engu-1.2 enamasilinda ama-3 kuphela. Ithuthukiswe ngezindleko ezinkulu injini - kuze kube manje - igcina izilinganiso eziphezulu. Ngenxa yobubanzi bayo bamandla, amandla ashukumisayo kanye nezinga eliphansi lokwehluleka, ingenye yezinjini ezidumile ezivela eFrance namuhla. Kusukela ngo-2019, ngemuva kokuthathwa kwe-Opel yiPSA, isiphinde yakhiqizwa embonini yaleli qembu eTychy.
1.2 I-PureTech ikhishwe njengenjini efisa ngokwemvelo (okuhlukile kwe-EB2)esetshenziselwa ukushayela, phakathi kwezinye izinto iPeugeot 208 noma iCitroen C3. Ngamandla angu-75-82 hp. akuyona iyunithi eguqukayo, kodwa iyonga futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa. Nokho, sincoma inketho ye-turbocharged (EB2DT kanye ne-EB2DTS). Nge-110 kanye ne-130 hp yaya ezimotweni ezinkulu ngempela njengeCitroen C4 Cactus noma iPeugeot 5008.
Nakuba ukwakhiwa kwenjini entsha kwakunqunywa amazinga e-exhaust gas toxicity, abadali bayo bazama ukudala isikhathi eside futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa motor. Eqinisweni, lena iyunithi eqinile, ephikisana nokusetshenziswa kwephethiloli yekhwalithi ephansi. Uma kunesidingo sokwenza isenzo esizeni, akuvamile ukubiza ngaphezu kwama-zloty angamakhulu ambalwa.
Nokho, le njini idinga ukulungiswa okuthile. Umkhiqizi uncoma ukuthi kushintshwe ibhande lesikhathi njalo ngo-180. km, nakuba namuhla omakhenikha batusa ukunciphisa lesi sikhawu ku-120 ayizinkulungwane. km. Ngenhlanhla, lokhu kushiyeka kucatshangelwe esigabeni sokuklama, futhi manje wonke umsebenzi awubizi ngaphezu kwe-700 PLN. Ngokuvamile, amafutha nawo adinga ukushintshwa lapha. Ukuqinisekisa impilo ende yesevisi ye-turbocharger - okungenani njalo ngezinkulungwane eziyi-10 km.
IHyundai/Kia Gamma 1.6
Injini kaphethroli yaseKorea engu-1,6 litre manje isiyinjini ecishe ihluke ngokuphelele ezinhlotsheni ezishisayo zakwaKia neHyundai, lapho iphuma khona enguqulweni yesimanje enokujova uphethiloli oqondile kanye ne-turbocharging. Ikhiqizwe kusukela ngo-2010, iyunithi (ngokuhambisana newele elincane elingu-1,4-litre) nayo ibe nokuphuma kokunye okulula kakhulu ekuqaleni.
Njengamanje, ekudayiseni izimoto, okulula kakhulu kubo, i.e. ngaphandle kwe-supercharger kanye nomjovo we-multipoint, ingatholakala kuphela ku-Hyundai ix20. Lapho isakhipha i-125 hp eyanelisayo, nakuba isilinganiso sokusetshenziswa esiboniswa ngabasebenzisi kumbiko wokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli we-AutoCentrum.pl wale nguqulo yokushayela aphansi kangako (6,6 l / 100 km).
Ekugcineni, nokho, ukukhetha le divayisi kusazokusindisa, ngoba cishe akukho okungalungile ngale njini.. Imiklamo yakamuva nayo yathola amaphuzu aphezulu ku-database ye-AutoCentrum, kodwa inguqulo yokuqala yebhayisikili empeleni yayinephuzu elilodwa elibuthakathaka: iketango elishayela ama-camshafts. Ngenhlanhla, ukushintshwa kwayo akubizi njengoba kwenzeka kumiklamo eminingi eyinkimbinkimbi (i-1200 PLN kufanele yanele).
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, le njini manje isiyisinqumo esihle njengomthombo wamandla wemoto yaseKorea eneminyaka embalwa ubudala. Enguqulweni efiselekayo ngokwemvelo, ngaphezu kwe-Hyundai ix20, iphinde yavela kumawele adumile e-Poland Kia Venga, Kia Soul kusukela ngo-2009 kuya ku-2011, kanye nakwezinye izinhlobo ze-Hyundai i30 ne-Kia cee'd.
I-Mazda Skyactiv-G
Ngaphansi kwegama elithi Skyactiv singathola izikhangiso Mazda ifilosofi yokwakha izimoto. Njengamanje, wonke amayunithi okushayela alolu hlobo adalwe ngokusho kwawo ngakho-ke abe nawo ekuqokweni kwawo, kuphela ngokungezwa kwezinhlamvu ezahlukene. Udizili ubhalwe ukuthi Skyactiv-D, kanti uphethiloli ozithungelayo (isixazululo esisha seMazda) uthengiswa njenge-Skyactiv-X. Amayunithi kaphethiloli endabuko i-Skyactiv-G manje asedume kakhulu kunalawa amabili.
Futhi baseduze kakhulu nesu le-Skyactiv, elihlose ngifuna ukuqina nokusebenza ngomklamo olula kanye nokufuduka okukhulu. Uma sibheka emuva, singavuma ngokwethembeka ukuthi abaklami baseJapane kuleli cala bakwazile ukufeza lo mgomo. Phela, kusukela ngo-2011 izinjini zikhiqizwa kusukela ngo-XNUMX, ngakho sesivele sazi okuningi ngabo.
Ngaphezu kokufuduka okukhulu kakhulu (amalitha angu-1,3 kumamodeli amancane kakhulu, amalitha angu-2,0 noma angu-2,5 kwezinkulu), lezi zinjini zifaka isilinganiso esiphezulu sokucindezela (14:1 ezinjini zikaphethiloli). Nokho, lokhu akuthinti nganoma iyiphi indlela ukuqina kwabo, ngoba njengoba akukho zingozi ezinkulu ezibikiwe kuze kube manje. Ngaphandle kwalokho, akukuningi ongakwephulwa lapha. Kukhona umjovo oqondile onengcindezi yokusebenza ephezulu uma kuqhathaniswa, kodwa awukho umfutho wanoma yiluphi uhlobo. Kodwa-ke, uma kuphakama noma yibuphi ubunzima eminyakeni embalwa ezayo, ukulungisa kwabo okushibhile kuzoba nzima ngenxa yokufinyelela okulinganiselwe ezingxenyeni ezishintshayo ezihlinzekwa ezivela e-Japan.
