Izinhlelo ezintsha zezobunhloli zaseRussia nezimpi zikagesi
I-1L269 Krasucha-2 ingesinye seziteshi ezintsha nezingaqondakali kakhulu ze-Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Inobukhulu obuhlaba umxhwele kanye ne-antenna engavamile kulo msebenzi.
Umqondo wempi ye-electronic wazalwa cishe kanyekanye nokusetshenziswa komsakazo ngezinhloso zempi. Amasosha ayengowokuqala ukwazisa indima yokuxhumana okungenawaya - kwakungekhona ize ukuthi ukuhlolwa kokuqala kukaMarconi noPopov kwenzeka kusukela emazingeni emikhumbi yempi. Babengabokuqala ukucabanga ngendlela yokwenza kube nzima ukuthi isitha sisebenzise ukuxhumana okunjalo. Kodwa-ke, ekuqaleni, ithuba lokulalela isitha lalisetshenziswa ekusebenzeni. Isibonelo, impi yaseTannenberg ngo-1914 yanqotshwa amaJalimane ikakhulukazi ngenxa yolwazi lwezinhlelo zesitha, izikhulu zabasebenzi baseRussia ezazikhuluma ngazo emsakazweni.
Ukuphazamiseka kokuxhumana ekuqaleni kwakukudala kakhulu: ngemva kokunquma mathupha imvamisa umsakazo wesitha owawusakaza ngayo, imilayezo yezwi yasakazwa kuwo, ivimba izingxoxo zesitha. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, baqala ukusebenzisa ukuphazamiseka komsindo, okwakungadingeki ukusebenzisa opharetha abaningi, kodwa iziteshi zomsakazo ezinamandla kuphela. Izinyathelo ezilandelayo ziwukusesha nokulungisa okuzenzakalelayo, izinhlobo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuphazamisa, njll. Ngokufika kwemishini yokuqala ye-radar, abantu baqala ukufuna izindlela zokuphazamisa umsebenzi wabo. Phakathi neMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, lezi kwakuyizindlela ezingenzi lutho, i.e. ukwakheka kwamafu e-dipole (imicu ye-metallised foil) ebonisa ama-radar pulses yesitha.
Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II, inani nezinhlobonhlobo zemishini kagesi esetshenziswa amasosha kwezokuxhumana, ezobuhlakani, ukuzulazula, njll. kwakhula ngokushesha. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amathuluzi asebenzisa izakhi zesathelayithi nawo avela. Ukuthembela kwamasosha ekuxhumaneni okungenazintambo kwakhula kancane kancane, futhi ubunzima bokukugcina buvame ukukhubaza ukulwa. Phakathi neMpi yaseFalklands ka-1982, isibonelo, iBritish Marines yayinemisakazo eminingi kangangokuthi ayizange iphazamise nje kuphela, kodwa futhi ivimbele ukusebenza kwama-friend-foe transponders. Ngenxa yalokho, abaseBrithani balahlekelwa izindiza ezinophephela emhlane eziningi emlilweni wamasosha abo kunezitha. Isixazululo esisheshayo kwaba ukuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kweziteshi zomsakazo ezingeni le-platoon futhi esikhundleni sazo kufakwe ... amafulegi amafulegi, inani elikhulu lawo alethwa yizindiza ezikhethekile ezivela ezindlini zokugcina izimpahla eNgilandi.
Akumangazi ukuthi kunezimpi ze-electronic warfare cishe kuwo wonke amabutho omhlaba. Kusobala futhi ukuthi imishini yabo ivikelwe ngokukhethekile - isitha akufanele sazi ukuthi yiziphi izindlela zokuphazamisa ezisongelayo, yiziphi izisetshenziswa ezingase zilahlekelwe ukusebenza kwazo ngemva kokusetshenziswa kwazo, njll. Ulwazi oluningiliziwe lwalesi sihloko lukuvumela ukuthi uthuthukise ama-countermoves kusengaphambili: ukwethulwa kwamanye amafrikhwensi, izindlela ezintsha zokubethela ulwazi oludlulisiwe, noma izindlela ezintsha zokusebenzisa imishini kagesi. Ngakho-ke, izethulo zomphakathi zokulwa ne-electronic countermeasures (EW - electronic warfare) azivamile futhi izici ezinemininingwane yalezo zindlela azivamile ukunikezwa. Ngesikhathi sombukiso wezindiza kanye nomkhathi MAKS-2015, okwenzeka ngo-August 2015 eMoscow, inombolo yokurekhoda yamadivayisi anjalo aboniswa futhi kwanikezwa ulwazi oluthile mayelana nawo. Izizathu zalokhu kuvuleka ziyi-prosaic: imboni yezokuvikela yaseRussia isaxhaswa ngemali encane ngesabelomali kanye nama-oda aphakathi, ngakho-ke kufanele ithole iningi lemali engenayo evela kwamanye amazwe. Ukuthola amakhasimende aphesheya kudinga ukumakethwa kwemikhiqizo, okuwuhlelo olubizayo futhi oludla isikhathi. Akuvamile ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi ngokushesha ngemva kokwethulwa komphakathi kwemishini emisha yezempi, kuvela ikhasimende elilungele ukuyithenga ngokushesha futhi likhokhe kusengaphambili izixazululo ezingahloliwe. Ngakho-ke, inkambo yomkhankaso wokumaketha ngokuvamile ilandelayo: ulwazi lokuqala, olujwayelekile futhi oluvame ukushisekela mayelana "nesikhali esisha, esivusa amadlingozi" livela kwabezindaba zezwe lomkhiqizi, khona-ke ulwazi lunikezwa mayelana nokutholwa kwayo yizwe lomkhiqizi. , bese kuba isethulo sokuqala somphakathi, ngokuvamile esine-halo yokuzwa kanye nemfihlo (ngaphandle kwedatha yezobuchwepheshe, kubantu abakhethiwe), futhi, ekugcineni, imishini evunyelwe ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe iboniswa kwelinye lamasaluni ezempi ahlonishwayo.
