I-metamaterials entsha: ukukhanya kuyalawulwa

Imibiko eminingi mayelana "ne-metamatadium" (emamaki wokucaphuna, ngenxa yokuthi incazelo isiqala ukufiphala) isenza sicabange ngawo cishe njenge-panacea yazo zonke izinkinga, izinhlungu kanye nemikhawulo izwe lanamuhla lobuchwepheshe elibhekene nalo. Imiqondo ethakazelisa kakhulu muva nje ithinta amakhompiyutha abonakalayo kanye neqiniso elibonakalayo.

nginothize engithandananaye amakhompyutha okucatshangelwa esikhathi esizayonjengesibonelo, umuntu angacaphuna ucwaningo lochwepheshe base-Israel TAU University e-Tel Aviv. Baklama ama-nanomaterials amaningi okufanele asetshenziselwe ukwakha amakhompyutha okubona. Ngokulandelayo, abacwaningi abavela eSwiss Paul Scherrer Institute bakha into enezigaba ezintathu kusuka kumagnethi amancane akwazi belingisa izimo ezintathu ezihlanganisiwe, ngokufanisa namanzi.

Ingasetshenziselwa ini? Ama-Israyeli afuna ukwakha. Inkulumo yaseSwitzerland mayelana nokudluliswa kwedatha nokuqoshwa, kanye nama-spintronics ngokujwayelekile.

I-metamaterial enezigaba ezintathu eyenziwe ngezibuthe ezincane ezilingisa izifunda ezintathu zamanzi.

Amafothoni ngokufunwa

Ucwaningo olwenziwa ososayensi e-Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory eMnyangweni Wezamandla lungase luholele ekuthuthukisweni kwamakhompiyutha abonakalayo asekelwe ezintweni ezibonakalayo. Bahlongoza ukwakha uhlobo lohlaka lwe-laser olungathwebula amaphakheji athile ama-athomu endaweni ethile, kwakheka uhlaka oluklanywe ngokuqinile, olulawulwayo. ukukhanya okusekelwe isakhiwo. Ifana namakristalu emvelo. Ngomehluko owodwa - cishe uphelele, akukho sici esibonwa ezintweni zemvelo.

Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi ngeke kuphela bakwazi ukulawula ngokuqinile ukuma kwamaqembu ama-athomu "ku-crystal ekhanyayo", kodwa futhi banomthelela ngenkuthalo ukuziphatha kwama-athomu ngamanye kusetshenziswa enye i-laser (eduze nebanga le-infrared). Bazobenza, ngokwesibonelo, ngokufunwa bakhiphe amandla athile - ngisho ne-photon eyodwa, okuthi, lapho isuswa endaweni eyodwa ku-crystal, ingenza ku-athomu eboshwe kwenye. Kuyoba uhlobo lokushintshisana okulula kolwazi.

Ikhono lokukhulula ngokushesha i-photon ngendlela elawulwayo bese uyidlulisela ngokulahlekelwa okuncane ukusuka ku-athomu eyodwa kuya kwenye kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile sokucubungula ulwazi lwe-quantum computing. Umuntu angacabanga esebenzisa wonke ama-photon alawulwayo ukuze enze izibalo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu - ngokushesha kakhulu kunokusebenzisa amakhompyutha esimanje. Ama-athomu ashumekwe kukristalu yokwenziwa nawo angagxuma esuka endaweni eyodwa aye kwenye. Kulokhu, bona ngokwabo bangaba abathwali bolwazi kukhompuyutha ye-quantum noma bangakha inzwa ye-quantum.

Ososayensi bathole ukuthi ama-athomu e-rubidium alungele izinhloso zawo. Kodwa-ke, i-barium, i-calcium noma i-athomu ye-cesium nayo ingabanjwa ikristalu ye-laser yokwenziwa njengoba inamazinga afanayo wamandla. Ukwenza i-metamaterial ehlongozwayo ocwaningweni lwangempela, ithimba locwaningo kuzofanele lithwebule ama-athomu ambalwa ku-crystal lattice yokwenziwa futhi liwagcine lapho ngisho noma lisajabulele izifunda zamandla aphezulu.

I-Virtual reality ngaphandle kokukhubazeka kokubona

I-Metamatadium ingathola izinhlelo zokusebenza eziwusizo kwenye indawo ethuthukayo yobuchwepheshe -. Okungokoqobo okubonakalayo kunemikhawulo eminingi ehlukene. Ukungapheleli kwezinto ezibonakalayo esizaziyo kudlala indima ebalulekile. Cishe akunakwenzeka ukwakha uhlelo oluphelele lwe-optical, ngoba kukhona njalo okuthiwa ama-aberrations, i.e. ukuhlanekezela kwamagagasi okubangelwa izici ezihlukahlukene. Siyazi ngokushintshashintsha kwe-spherical kanye ne-chromatic, i-astigmatism, i-coma kanye neminye imiphumela eminingi emibi ye-optics. Noma ubani osebenzise amasethi ento engekho ngokoqobo kufanele ngabe uke wabhekana nalezi zenzakalo. Akunakwenzeka ukuklama ama-VR optics angasindi, akhiqize izithombe zekhwalithi ephezulu, angenabo uthingo olubonakalayo (i-chromatic aberrations), enikeza insimu enkulu yokubuka, futhi eshibhile. Lokhu akulona iqiniso.

Yingakho abakhiqizi bemishini ye-VR i-Oculus ne-HTC basebenzisa lokho okubizwa ngama-Fresnel lens. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi uthole isisindo esincane kakhulu, uqede ukuphambuka kwe-chromatic futhi uthole intengo ephansi (izinto zokwenziwa kwama-lens anjalo zishibhile). Ngeshwa, izindandatho ze-refractive zibangela w Amalensi eFresnel ukwehla okuphawulekayo kokugqamayo nokudalwa kokukhanya okumaphakathi, okubonakala ikakhulukazi lapho isigcawu sinokugqama okuphezulu (ingemuva elimnyama).

Kodwa-ke, muva nje ososayensi baseHarvard University, eholwa nguFederico Capasso, bakwazile ukuthuthukisa Ilensi encane neyisicaba kusetshenziswa ama-metamatadium. Ungqimba lwe-nanostructure engilazini luncane kunezinwele zomuntu (0,002 mm). Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi ayinazo izithiyo ezijwayelekile, kodwa futhi inikeza ikhwalithi yesithombe engcono kakhulu kunezinhlelo ze-optical ezibizayo.

Ilensi ye-Capasso, ngokungafani namalensi e-convex ajwayelekile agoba futhi asakaze ukukhanya, ishintsha izici zegagasi lokukhanya ngenxa yezakhiwo ezincane eziphuma phezulu, ezifakwe engilazini yequartz. Unqenqema ngalunye lujika ukukhanya ngendlela ehlukile, lushintshe indlela yalo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukusabalalisa ngendlela efanele i-nanostructure enjalo (iphethini) eyenziwe ngekhompyutha futhi ikhiqizwa kusetshenziswa izindlela ezifana namaphrosesa ekhompyutha. Lokhu kusho ukuthi lolu hlobo lwamalensi lungakhiqizwa ezimbonini ezifanayo nangaphambili, kusetshenziswa izinqubo ezaziwayo zokukhiqiza. I-Titanium dioxide isetshenziselwa ukugeza.

Kuyafaneleka ukubalula esinye isisombululo esisha se- "meta-optics". I-hyperlense ye-metaterialithathwe e-American University eBuffalo. Izinguqulo zokuqala zama-hyperlense zenziwe ngesiliva kanye ne-dielectric material, kodwa zisebenza kuphela kuhlu oluncane kakhulu lwamaza wamaza. Ososayensi beNyathi basebenzisa ukuhlelwa okugxilile kwezinduku zegolide esikhwameni se-thermoplastic. Isebenza ebangeni le-wavelength lokukhanya elibonakalayo. Abacwaningi bakhombisa ukwanda kwesixazululo okuvela kusixazululo esisha kusetshenziswa i-endoscope yezokwelapha njengesibonelo. Imvamisa ibona izinto ezifika ku-10 nanometers, futhi ngemuva kokufaka ama-hyperlense, "yehla" yehle ibe ngama-nanometer angu-250. Idizayini inqoba inkinga ye-diffraction, into enciphisa kakhulu ukulungiswa kwezinhlelo ze-optical - esikhundleni sokuhlanekezelwa kwamagagasi, aguqulwa abe amagagasi angarekhodwa emishinini yokubona elandelayo.

Ngokwencwadi ethi Nature Communications, le ndlela ingasetshenziswa ezindaweni eziningi, kusukela kwezokwelapha kuye ekuhlolweni kwe-molecule eyodwa. Kuyafaneleka ukulinda amadivaysi okhonkolo asekelwe ku-metamatadium. Mhlawumbe bazovumela iqiniso elibonakalayo ukuthi ekugcineni lifinyelele impumelelo yangempela. Ngokuqondene "namakhompiyutha abonakalayo", lawa kusengamathemba akude futhi angacacile. Kodwa-ke, akukho okungagwenywa ...