Imikhumbi emisha yaseMarina Militare
Umbono weciko womkhumbi wokugada we-PPA. Lolu wuchungechunge olukhulu kakhulu lwemikhumbi, oluzothatha indawo yemikhumbi engu-17 yezigaba ezinhlanu ezihlukene. AbakwaDanes benza okufanayo, bashiya inqwaba yezindawo zokwakha zenkathi yeMpi Yomshoshaphansi bavuna ama-frigate amathathu, imikhumbi emibili yezimpahla "efana ne-frigate" kanye nemikhumbi embalwa yokugada.
I-Italian Marina Militare sekuyiminyaka eminingi futhi isalokhu ingeminye yemikhumbi yezempi emikhulu nesimanje kakhulu yeNorth Atlantic Alliance. Kanye nosolwandle waseFrance, uphinde agade uhlangothi lwakhe oluseningizimu. Kodwa-ke, iminyaka eyishumi yokugcina yekhulu lama-70 kuye kwaba isikhathi sokuma kanye nokwehla kancane kancane emandleni okulwa, njengoba imikhumbi eminingi yakhiwa ngeminyaka yawo-80s kanye nawo-XNUMX. leshumi leminyaka lokuqala laleli khulu leminyaka.
Isigaba sokuqala sokwenziwa kwesimanjemanje kwemishini ye-Marina Militare kwaba ukuthunyelwa kwemikhumbi-ngwenya yaseJalimane yohlobo lwe-212A - i-Salvatore Todaro ne-Scirè, okwenzeka ngo-March 29, 2006 no-February 19, 2007. Isinyathelo esilandelayo kwaba ukuphakanyiswa kwamafulege counter-aircraft ababhubhisi adalwe ngaphansi kohlelo Franco-Italian Horizon / Orizzonte - Andrea Doria, owawubanjwe ngo-December 22, 2007 futhi Caio Duilio - September 22, 2009. Juni 10, 2009 - umkhumbi omkhulu kunawo wonke eyakhelwe yesimanje Italian Navy, indiza inkampani yenethiwekhi "Cavour" ifake isevisi.
Uhlelo lwe-FREMM European frigate building programme, nalo olwathuthukiswa ngokubambisana neFrance, lwaletha ezinye izinzuzo. Kusukela mhla zingama-29 kuNhlaba wezi-2013, amayunithi ayisikhombisa alolu hlobo asevele asetshenziswa ekubunjweni kwawo. Entsha kunazo zonke - uFederico Martinengo - iphakamise ifulegi layo ngo-Ephreli 24 nonyaka, kanti amathathu alandelayo asezigabeni ezihlukahlukene zokwakhiwa. I-2016-2017 iphinde yandisa kakhulu amandla okulwa emikhumbi engaphansi kolwandle, njengoba amayunithi alandelayo angama-212A amukelwa: i-Pietro Venuti ne-Romeo Romei. Ngesikhathi esifanayo nokwethulwa kwezikhali ezintsha, imikhumbi engathembisi yahoxiswa kancane kancane, kwathi ngo-2013 uhlu lwalabo ababezohoxiswa enkonzweni ngo-2015-XNUMX lwalungiswa futhi lwenziwa umphakathi.
-2025. Iqukethe amayunithi angama-57, ihlanganisa kokubili ama-corvettes ohlobo lwe-Minerva, ababhubhisi bemayini i-Lerici ne-Gaeta, kanye nokwakheka okukhulu: ama-frigates amahlanu okugcina ohlobo lwe-Mistral (esenkonzweni kusukela ngo-1983), umbhubhisi uLuigi Duran de i-la Penne (isenkonzweni kusukela ngo-1993, yalungiswa kabusha ngo-2009-2011), imikhumbi emithathu ye-San Giorgio-class (esenkonzweni kusukela ngo-1988) kanye nemikhumbi yokuthutha ye-Stromboli-class "(in service kusukela ngo-1975). Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlu luhlanganisa amayunithi okugada, akhethekile kanye namayunithi asekelayo.
Ngakho-ke, ekupheleni kuka-2013, uhlelo lokuvuselela i-Marina Militare lwaqalwa ngaphansi kwegama elithi Programma di Rinnovamento Navale. Isinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwawo ngempumelelo kwaba ukwamukelwa ngo-December 27, 2013 nguhulumeni waseRiphabhulikhi yase-Italy umthetho owawucacisa isidingo sokwandisa amandla amabutho asolwandle ngaphakathi kohlaka lohlelo lweminyaka engama-20, kanye Isabelomali sonyaka sale njongo sabekwa: ama-euro ayizigidi ezingu-40 ngo-2014, ama-euro ayizigidi ezingu-110 ngo-2015 kanye nama-euro ayizigidi ezingu-140 ngo-2016. Izindleko eziphelele zalolu hlelo okwamanje zilinganiselwa ku-5,4 billion euros. Esinye isenzo okuhloswe ngaso ukuqaliswa kwayo kwaba ukwamukelwa kukahulumeni kwezinyathelo ezimbili eziphathelene nezinhlelo zeminyaka eminingi zezikhali kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza zezimali ezabiwe zeminyaka eminingi. Ukwethulwa kwale mibhalo kuhloswe ngayo ukuqinisekisa ukuqaliswa okusebenzayo nokungaguquguquki kwezinhlinzeko zabo, okuyinto esimweni samanje sezwe nezezimali sase-Italy esingenakuqinisekiswa yizivumelwano nezinkontileka ezijwayelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqaliswa koHlelo lwe-Programma di Rinnovamento Navale akuxhaswe yi-Marina Militare, kodwa kusabelomali esimaphakathi.
Uhlelo lokuvuselela imikhumbi ekugcineni lwavunywa uhulumeni nephalamende ekuqaleni kukaMeyi 2015, kwathi ngoMeyi 5, inhlangano yamazwe ngamazwe yokubambisana emkhakheni wezikhali i-OCCAR (fr. Organisation conjointe de coopération en matière d'armement) yamemezela ukudalwa kwezikhali. iqembu lesikhashana lebhizinisi i-RTI (Raggruppamento Temporaneo di Imprese), elihlelwe ezinkampanini i-Fincantieri kanye ne-Finmeccanica (manje eyi-Leonardo SpA), ezobhekana nokuqaliswa kohlelo oluchaziwe. Umgomo wayo oyinhloko uwukugqugquzela imboni yase-Italy ukuthi igcine izinga eliphezulu lokuqamba izinto ezintsha ekukhiqizweni kwezempi, kanye nokuklama nokwakha amayunithi omklamo wemodular akwazi ukulungisa kabusha ngokushesha (ikakhulukazi ngokwemisebenzi ngaphandle kokungqubuzana okuphelele), ukonga ukusebenza. kanye nemvelo. Lolu hlelo lubandakanya ukwakhiwa kwemikhumbi engu-11 (okukhethwa kukho eminye emithathu) yamakilasi amane ahlukene.
I-crafting craft AMU
Okukhulu kakhulu kuzo kuzoba yidokodo lendiza enophephela emhlane elihlala izinhloso eziningi i-AMU (Unità anfibia multiruolo). Igama akhethelwe lona belingakadalulwa. Kukhona iziphakamiso ukuthi lokhu kungaba Trieste. Inkontileka eyisisekelo yokwakhiwa kwayo yasayinwa ngoJulayi 3, 2015, futhi izindleko zayo kulindeleke ukuthi zibe yi-1,126 billion euros. Idivayisi yakhiwe endaweni yemikhumbi yase-Fincantieri e-Castellammare di Stabia. Ukusika amashidi okwakhiwa komkhumbi kwaqala ngoJulayi 12, 2017, futhi ukubekwa kwe-keel kwenzeka ngoFebhuwari 20 walo nyaka. Ngokohlelo lwamanje, ukwethulwa kufanele kwenzeke phakathi kuka-Ephreli noJuni 2019, kanye nezivivinyo zasolwandle ngo-Okthoba 2020. Ukuphakanyiswa kwefulegi kuhlelelwe uJuni 2022.
I-AMU izoba iyunithi enkulu kunazo zonke eyakhelwe imikhumbi yase-Italy ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II, njengoba ngobukhulu obungu-245 × 36,0 × 7,2 m izoba nokugudluzwa okuphelele okungamathani “kuphela” angu-33. Ekwakhiweni kweyunithi entsha, kwaba inqume ukusebenzisa isakhiwo esingavamile esinezakhiwo ezimbili ezihlukene, ngenxa yokuthi i-AMU izofana ne-silhouette yabathwali bezindiza baseBrithani iNdlovukazi u-Elizabeth. Kudekhi yokusuka enobukhulu obungu-000 × 30 m nendawo engu-000 230 m 36. Indawo yakhona izokwanela ukupaka ngesikhathi esisodwa izindiza ezifika kweziyisishiyagalombili kanye nezindiza ezinophephela emhlane ze-AgustaWestland AW7400 (noma i-NH2, noma i-AW8 / 35). Uzohlinzekwa ngamakheshi amabili anobukhulu obungamamitha angu-101x90 kanye nomthamo wokuthwala amathani angu-129. Kulesi sigaba samanje, ukuklanywa komkhumbi akuhlinzeki ngokusetshenziswa kwesisekelo sokuqinisekisa ukumuka kwendiza ye-STOVL. , nakuba indawo yokuhlala izoqiniswa ngokwanele futhi kungenzeka ukuthi lokhu kuzokwenzeka esikhathini esizayo.
Ngokuqondile ngaphansi kwayo kuzoba ne-hangar enobukhulu obungu-107,8×21,0×10,0 m nendawo engu-2260 m2 (emva kokudiliza izingxenye ezithile, inganyuswa ibe ngu-2600 m2). Izimoto ezingafinyelela kweziyi-15 zizobekwa lapho, okuhlanganisa izindiza eziyisithupha ze-STOVL nezindiza ezinophephela emhlane eziyisishiyagalolunye ze-AW101. I-hangar ingasetshenziselwa ukuthuthwa kwezimoto nempahla, khona-ke cishe ama-530 m we-cargo line izotholakala.
