Izikhali ezintsha zaseShayina nokuzivikela emoyeni Umq. eyodwa
Ukwethulwa kwerokhethi kusukela kusiqalisi sohlelo lwe-HQ-9. Ngemuva kukhona i-antenna yesiteshi se-radar esisebenza ngezindlela eziningi.
Ukuzivikela emoyeni kweButho Lenkululeko Yabantu Yabantu baseShayina, kanye nezikhali nemishini yokuvikela umoya ekhiqizwa imboni yezokuvikela yaseShayina ngeso elibukhali abamukeli bangaphandle, kuseyisihloko esingaziwa kancane. Ngo-1949, lapho i-People's Republic of China isungulwa, kwakungekho nhlobo ukuzivikela emoyeni waseShayina. Amabhethri ambalwa ezibhamu ezilwa nezindiza zaseJapan ashiywe endaweni yaseShanghai naseManchuria ayengaphelele futhi ephelelwe yisikhathi, futhi amasosha e-homin-tango athatha amathuluzi awo aya eTaiwan. Izingxenye zokuvikela emoyeni ze-People's Liberation Army yaseChina zazifanekisela kokubili ngokomthamo nangokwekhwalithi, futhi zazihlanganisa ikakhulukazi izibhamu eziwumshini ezisindayo zaseSoviet kanye nezinganono zangaphambi kwempi.
Ukwandiswa kokuzivikela emoyeni kwamabutho ahlomile aseShayina kwasheshiswa yiMpi YaseKorea, ukunwetshwa kwayo endaweni yezwe laseChina kubonakala kungenzeka kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, i-USSR yanikeza ngokushesha imishini yezikhali kanye ne-radar ukuze kutholakale okuhlosiwe nokulawula umlilo. Ekuqaleni kuka-1958-1959, eChina kwavela ibutho lokuqala lezindiza ezilwa nezindiza ezicitshwayo - lezi kwakuyizakhiwo ezinhlanu ze-SA-75 Dvina, ezazilawulwa ngabasebenzi baseSoviet. Kakade ngo-Okthoba 7, 1959, indiza yokuhlola i-RB-11D, eyasuka eTaiwan, yadutshulwa yi-missile ye-57D yalolu hlelo eduze kwaseBeijing. Ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kuphela kamuva, ngo-May 1, 1960, i-U-2 eyayishayelwa uFrancis G. Powers yadutshulwa phezu kweSverdlovsk e-USSR. Eminyakeni eyalandela, okungenani kwadutshulwa amanye ama-U-2 amahlanu phezu kweChina.
Isiqalisi i-HQ-9 endaweni ebekiwe.
Ngaphansi kwesivumelwano sokubambisana kwezobuchwepheshe esasayinwa ngo-Okthoba 1957, i-PRC yathola imibhalo egcwele yokukhiqiza imicibisholo eyi-11D eqondiswayo kanye nemishini ye-radar ye-SA-75, kodwa ngaphambi kokuba ukukhiqizwa kwayo kuqale emafektri akhiwe ngochwepheshe baseSoviet, ubudlelwane bezombusazwe phakathi kwala mazwe womabili bawohloka kakhulu, futhi I-1960 empeleni yaphulwa, okwaholela, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ekuhoxisweni kwabasebenzi baseSoviet, ukubambisana okuqhubekayo kwakungaphandle kombuzo. Ngakho-ke, ezinye izinketho zokuthuthukiswa kohlelo lwe-SA-75, uhlelo lwe-S-125 Neva, noma izindlela zokuvikela izindiza ezicitshwayo zamasosha aphansi, ezasetshenziswa e-USSR engxenyeni yokuqala yama-60s, azizange zihambe. ukuya eChina. -75 ngaphansi kwegama elithi HQ-2 (HongQi - Red Banner) yaqala ngeminyaka yama-70s kuphela (ukwamukelwa ngokusemthethweni emsebenzini kwenzeka ngo-1967) futhi kuze kube sekupheleni kweminyaka yama-80s kanye nama-90s kuwukuphela kohlobo lwesistimu yemicibisholo elwa nezindiza eyayisetshenziswa amabutho okuvikela umoya ngezinga elikhulu CHALV. Ayikho idatha enokwethenjelwa ngenani lezinhlelo (i-squadron kits) ezikhiqizwayo, ngokusho kwedatha etholakalayo, kwakukhona ezingaphezu kuka-150 zazo (cishe iziqalisi ze-1000).
Uma ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-50 ukusekelwa kwezinhlelo zemicibisholo elwa nezindiza, ezaklanywa e-USSR maphakathi neminyaka yama-1957s futhi zakhiqizwa kusukela ngo-80, zafakazela ukuhlehla okunzima kwe-People's Liberation Army yaseChina, khona-ke isimo ensimini ukuzivikela emoyeni kwamabutho angaphansi kwacishe kwaba yinhlekelele. Kuze kube sekupheleni kweminyaka yama-2s, bekungekho ukufakwa kwezikhali zesimanje ezizishayelayo ku-OPL yeGround Forces ye-CHALV, futhi amakhophi eSoviet Strel-5M (KhN-7) ayeyizikhali ezicitshwayo ezivelele. Imishini yesimanje kancane yayiyiziqalisi ze-HQ-80 kuphela, i.e. ekhiqizwa kusukela engxenyeni yesibili ye-80s ngenxa yokudluliselwa "kuthule" kwelayisensi yesiFulentshi ku-Crotale. Nokho, babembalwa kakhulu. Ekuqaleni, izinhlelo ezimbalwa kuphela ezilethwa eFrance zazisetshenziswa, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwama-clone abo ngesilinganiso esikhulu kwaqala kuphela ekupheleni kweminyaka yama-90s kanye ne-20s, i.e. cishe iminyaka engama-XNUMX ngemuva kwe-prototype yesiFulentshi.
Imizamo yokuklama ngokuzimela izinhlelo ezilwa nezindiza ngokuvamile igcine ingaphumeleli, futhi okuwukuphela kwento ehlukile kwaba uhlelo lwe-KS-1, imicibisholo yalo engabhekwa njengento ephakathi kohlelo lwe-American HAWK kanye nesigaba sesibili serokhethi ye-11D ye-SA -75. I-KS-1 yokuqala kuthiwa yakhiwe kuma-80s (ukudubula kokuqala kuzokwenzeka ngo-1989), kodwa ukukhiqizwa kwabo kwaqalwa ngo-2007 kuphela futhi ngamanani amancane.
Isimo sashintsha kakhulu ngemva kokuqaliswa kabusha kokubambisana kwezempi nezobuchwepheshe ne-USSR bese kuba neRussian Federation ngasekupheleni kwawo-80. Izakhiwo ze-S-300PMU-1 / -2 kanye ne-Tor-M1, i-S-300FM esemkhunjini, kanye ne-Shtil ne-Shtil-1 enemicibisholo engu-9M38 kanye ne-9M317E yathengwa lapho. I-China iphinde yahlinzeka ngosekelo lwezezimali lokwakhiwa kwemicibisholo ecitshwayo eyethulwa mpo eqondile engu-9M317M/ME yezinhlelo ze-Shtil-1 ne-Buk-M3. Ngemvume ethule yohlangothi lwaseRussia, zonke zakopishwa (!) Futhi ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlelo zabo, ezicishe zifane nezangempela zaseSoviet / zaseRussia, zaqalwa.
Ngemuva kwamashumi eminyaka "ekuzithibe" emkhakheni wokwakhiwa kwezinhlelo zokulwa nezindiza kanye nemicibisholo eqondiswe kuzo, kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, i-PRC idale inani elikhulu lazo - okungaphezu komqondo ojwayelekile nanoma yiziphi izidingo zasekhaya nezithunyelwa ngaphandle. Ziningi izinkomba zokuthi eziningi zazo azikhiqizwa ngobuningi, ngisho nangezinga elilinganiselwe. Yiqiniso, ngeke kukhishwe ukuthi kusekhona inqubo ende yokuthuthukisa izixazululo nokukhetha izakhiwo ezithembisayo kanye nalezo ezifanele ngokwezidingo ezibekwe yi-FALS.
Njengamanje, ezingxenyeni eziqondile zomkhakha wezokuvikela kunezakhiwo ze-HQ-9 - amakhophi e-S-300PMU-1, HQ-16 - "encishisiwe i-S-300P" ngemicibisholo engu-9M317, futhi muva nje futhi imicibisholo yokuqala ye-HQ-22. I-KS-1 ne-HQ-64 nazo zincane kakhulu ezisetshenziswayo. Ukuzivikela emoyeni kwamabutho aphansi kusebenzisa i-HQ-17 - amakhophi "Amathrekhi" neziqhumane eziningi eziphathwayo zezinhlobo eziningana.
Ithuba elingcono kakhulu lokujwayela izinto ezintsha zokuzivikela emoyeni kwamaShayina amahholo emibukiso e-Zhuhai, ahlelwa njalo ngemva kweminyaka emibili futhi ahlanganisa isici sombukiso we-aero-rocket-space yezenzakalo zomhlaba ezinamagama afanayo nokuvezwa okubanzi kwezikhali zazo zonke izinhlobo. amabutho. Ngenxa yale phrofayili, lonke uhla lwezikhali ezilwa nendiza lungathulwa endaweni eyodwa, kusukela kuzikhali zezikhali zakudala, ngezikhali zamarokhethi, izinto zokusebenza ze-radar, futhi ziphethe ngezinhlobonhlobo zama-anti-drones, okuhlanganisa ama-laser wokulwa. Okuwukuphela kwenselelo ukunquma ukuthi yimiphi imiklamo yezinto zokusebenza esezivele ziyakhiqizwa, ezihlolwa kabanzi emkhakheni, futhi yiziphi eziyizibonelo noma ababonisi bezobuchwepheshe. Ezinye zazo zethulwa ngendlela yezakhiwo ezenziwe lula noma ezilula, okungasho ukuthi awekho ama-analogue asebenzayo.
