Ithiyori entsha mayelana nokuthi injini ye-EmDrive isebenza kanjani. Injini kungenzeka ngenye indlela

I-EmDrive (1) yodumo akumele yephule imithetho yefiziksi, kusho uMike McCulloch (2) waseNyuvesi yasePlymouth. Usosayensi uphakamisa ithiyori ephakamisa indlela entsha yokuqonda ukunyakaza kanye ne-inertia yezinto ezinokusheshisa okuncane kakhulu. Ukube wayeqinisile, sizogcina sibiza idrayivu engaqondakali ngokuthi "okungeyona inertial", ngoba yi-inertial, okungukuthi, inertia, ehlupha umcwaningi waseBrithani.

I-inertia iyisici sazo zonke izinto ezinobunzima, ezisabela ekushintsheni kokuqondisa noma ukusheshisa. Ngamanye amazwi, ubukhulu bungacatshangwa njengesilinganiso se-inertia. Nakuba lokhu kubonakala kithi kuwumqondo owaziwayo, imvelo yawo ayibonakali kangako. Umqondo kaMcCulloch usekelwe ekucabangeni ukuthi inertia ibangelwa umphumela obikezelwe ukuhlobana okujwayelekile okubizwa ngokuthi. imisebe evela e-Unruhlena imisebe emnyama yomzimba esebenza ezintweni ezisheshayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, singasho ukuthi izinga lokushisa lendawo yonke liyakhula njengoba sikhula ngesivinini.

2. UMike McCulloch wasePlymouth University

NgokukaMcCulloch, inertia imane nje ingcindezi ekhishwa imisebe ye-Unruh emzimbeni osheshayo. Umphumela unzima ukutadisha ukusheshisa esivame ukukubona eMhlabeni. Ngokusho kososayensi, lokhu kubonakala kuphela lapho ukusheshisa kuba kuncane. Ngokusheshisa okuncane kakhulu, ama-wavevel e-Unruh makhulu kangangokuthi awasangeni endaweni yonke ebonakalayo. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, uMcCulloch uthi, inertia ingathatha kuphela amanani athile futhi igxume isuka kwelinye inani iye kwelinye, efana nemiphumela ye-quantum. Ngamanye amazwi, inertia kufanele ilinganiswe njengengxenye yokusheshisa okuncane.

UMcCulloch ukholelwa ukuthi zingaqinisekiswa umbono wakhe ekuqapheliseni. ama-spikes esivinini angavamile okubonwa ngesikhathi sokudlula kwezinye izinto zasemkhathini eduze noMhlaba ziya kwamanye amaplanethi. Kunzima ukufunda lo mphumela ngokucophelela eMhlabeni ngoba ukusheshisa okuhambisana nawo kuncane kakhulu.

Ngokuqondene ne-EmDrive ngokwayo, umqondo kaMcCulloch usekelwe kulo mbono olandelayo: uma ama-photon enohlobo oluthile lwesisindo, lapho-ke eboniswa, kufanele ahlangabezane ne-inertia. Kodwa-ke, imisebe ye-Unruh incane kakhulu kuleli cala. Incane kangangokuthi ingakwazi ukuxhumana nendawo yayo eseduze. Endabeni ye-EmDrive, lena yikhoni yomklamo "wenjini". Ikhoni ivumela imisebe ye-Unruh yobude obuthile ekugcineni okubanzi, kanye nemisebe yobude obufushane ekugcineni okuncane. Ama-photons aboniswa, ngakho-ke inertia yabo ekamelweni kufanele ishintshe. Futhi kusukela kumgomo wokulondoloza umfutho, okuyinto, ngokuphambene nemibono evamile mayelana ne-EmDrive, ayiphulwa kule ncazelo, kulandela ukuthi ukudonsa kufanele kudalwe ngale ndlela.

Ithiyori kaMcCulloch ingahlolwa ngokuhlola okungenani ngezindlela ezimbili. Okokuqala, ngokubeka i-dielectric ngaphakathi kwekamelo - lokhu kufanele kwandise ukusebenza kahle kwedrayivu. Okwesibili, ngokusho kososayensi, ukushintsha usayizi wekamelo kungashintsha isiqondiso sokuphonsela. Lokhu kuzokwenzeka lapho imisebe ye-Unruh ifaneleka kangcono ekugcineni kwe-cone kuneyodwa ebanzi. Umphumela ofanayo ungabangelwa ukushintsha imvamisa yemishayo ye-photon ngaphakathi kwekhoni. Umcwaningi waseBrithani uthi: “Sekwenzekile kakade ocwaningweni lwakamuva lweNASA.

Ithiyori kaMcCulloch, ngakolunye uhlangothi, iqeda inkinga yokongiwa komfutho, kanti ngakolunye uhlangothi, iseceleni komkhakha wesayensi. (isayensi ye-marginal ejwayelekile). Ngokombono wesayensi, kuyaphikiswana ukucabanga ukuthi ama-photon anesisindo esine-inertial. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokunengqondo, ijubane lokukhanya kufanele lishintshe ngaphakathi kwekamelo. Lokhu kunzima kakhulu ukuthi izazi zefiziksi zikwamukele.

3. Umgomo wokusebenza kwenjini ye-EmDrive

Iyasebenza kodwa ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kuyadingeka

I-EmDrive ekuqaleni yayiwumcabango kaRoger Scheuer, ongomunye wochwepheshe bezindiza abavelele eYurophu. Wethule lo mklamo ngendlela yesitsha esiwukhonkolo. Umkhawulo owodwa we-resonator ubanzi kunomunye, futhi ubukhulu bawo bukhethwa ngendlela yokuhlinzeka ngokuzwakalayo kwamagagasi kagesi obude obuthile. Ngenxa yalokho, la maza asakazekela ngasekugcineni okubanzi kufanele asheshise futhi ehlise ijubane ngasekugcineni okuncane (3). Kucatshangwa ukuthi, ngenxa yejubane elihlukile lokugudluka phambi kwamagagasi, zisebenzisa ingcindezi ehlukahlukene yemisebe emaphethelweni ahlukene e-resonator, futhi ngenxa yalokho. iyunithi yezinhlamvu engasho lutho enyakazisa into.

Kodwa-ke, ngokusho kwe-physics eyaziwayo, uma kungekho amandla engeziwe asetshenziswayo, umfutho awukwazi ukwanda. Ngokwethiyori, i-EmDrive isebenza kusetshenziswa into yokucindezela kwemisebe. Isivinini seqembu segagasi kazibuthe kagesi, futhi yingakho amandla akhiqizwa yilo, angase ancike kujometri ye-waveguide esakazeka ngayo. Ngokombono ka-Scheuer, uma wakha i-waveguide eyi-conical ngendlela yokuthi isivinini se-wave ekugcineni sihluke kakhulu ejubaneni lamagagasi ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho-ke ngokubonisa leli gagasi phakathi kweziphetho ezimbili, uthola umehluko ekucindezelweni kwemisebe. , i.e. amandla anele ukuze kuzuzwe ukudonsa. Ngokusho kukaShayer, I-EmDrive ayephuli imithetho yefiziksi, kodwa isebenzisa ithiyori ka-Einstein - injini ikuhlaka oluhlukile lwereferensi kunegagasi "elisebenzayo" elingaphakathi kuyo..

Kuze kube manje, kuphela ezincane kakhulu ezakhiwe. Ama-prototypes e-EmDrive anamandla okudonsa we-oda lama-micronews. Isikhungo socwaningo esikhulu kakhulu, i-Xi'an Northwest Polytechnic University yaseChina, sihlole injini ye-prototype enamandla angu-720 µN (micronewtons). Kungase kungabi kuningi, kodwa amanye ama-ion thruster asetshenziswa kusayensi yezinkanyezi awakhiqizi okwengeziwe.

4. Ukuhlolwa kwe-EmDrive 2014.

Inguqulo ye-EmDrive ehlolwe yi-NASA (4) iwumsebenzi womklami waseMelika u-Guido Fetti. Ukuhlolwa kwe-vacuum ye-pendulum kuqinisekisile ukuthi ifinyelela i-thrust engu-30-50 µN. I-Eagleworks Laboratory, eseLyndon B. Johnson Space Centre eHouston, waqinisekisa umsebenzi wakhe endaweni engenalutho. Ochwepheshe be-NASA bachaza ukusebenza kwenjini ngemiphumela ye-quantum, noma kunalokho, ngokusebenzisana nezinhlayiya zento ne-antimatter eziphakamayo bese ziqothula ngokufanayo ku-quantum vacuum.

Isikhathi eside, abantu baseMelika bebengafuni ukuvuma ngokusemthethweni ukuthi bawubonile umfutho owenziwe yi-EmDrive, besaba ukuthi inani elincane eliba khona lingaba ngenxa yamaphutha okulinganisa. Ngakho-ke, izindlela zokulinganisa zacwengwa futhi ukuhlolwa kwaphindwa. Kuphela ngemva kwakho konke lokhu, i-NASA yaqinisekisa imiphumela yocwaningo.

Kodwa-ke, njengoba i-International Business Times yabika ngo-March 2016, omunye wabasebenzi be-NASA abasebenza kulo msebenzi wathi i-ejensi ihlela ukuphinda konke ukuhlolwa neqembu elihlukile. Lokhu kuzomvumela ukuthi agcine evivinye isisombululo ngaphambi kokuthatha isinqumo sokutshala imali eningi kuso.