Idrayivu yokuhlola i-Nissan GT-R: umlando wokudluliswa okukabili okuyingqayizivele

Isistimu yokushayela wonke amasondo yakwaNissan GT-R iwumsebenzi wobuciko wobuchwepheshe

I-Skyline GT-R yigama eliyingqayizivele emlandweni wakwaNissan, kodwa yisizukulwane sika-R32 esifake isandla kakhulu ekunikezeni imodeli i-aura ekhethekile. Izizukulwane ezilandelayo ze-R33 kanye ne-R34 ziyithuthukisile zayenza yaba uphawu kubathandi bezimoto zezemidlalo ngenxa yesimo sayo esiyingqayizivele, ukubanjwa komgwaqo okukhethekile nokwethembeka. Kodwa ukucindezela kwesithombe kukhulu. Kungakho lapho abaklami bakwaNissan beqala ukwakha i-Skyline GT-R yakamuva, eminyakeni embalwa edlule enkulungwaneni entsha yeminyaka, baphonselwa inselelo yokwakha okuthile okuyingqayizivele njengokusebenza komgwaqo. Yiqiniso, amamodeli wangaphambilini ashiye uphawu olungenakucimeka, futhi angashintshiwe kubo, ukudluliselwa okubili ngokucabangela kuhlala kuntsha. Kodwa kulokhu umsebenzi unzima kakhulu. Ngaphezu kokushayela wonke amasondo, imoto enesisindo esifanele sokusabalalisa kufanele idalwe, futhi igama layo lizoncishiswa libe yi-GT-R kuphela. Ilula, icacile futhi iyakholisa kakhulu.

Njengabandulelayo, uhlelo lwayo oluhamba ngamasondo wonke luzobizwa nge-ATTESA (Advanced Total Traction Engineerig System for All Terrain). Ukuvezwa kobuchwepheshe obuyingqophamlando obuthuthukiswe eminyakeni edlule kusekela iSkyline GT-R yangaphambilini, kepha kwi-GT-R kuzothatha ubukhulu obusha ngokuphelele.

Ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe emuva ngo-1989

Uhlobo lokuqala lwe-ATTESA lwenzelwe izimoto ezihamba ngezinjini futhi lwethulwa eBluebird emakethe yaseJapan ngo-1987. Uhlelo olucishe lufane lwasetshenziswa kamuva kwiGT-R Pulsar, isizukulwane esilandelayo iBluebird (HNU13) nePrimera. Uhlobo lwangempela lusebenzise umehluko ophakathi nendawo okhiyiwe nge-viscometer, kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwathathelwa indawo ukuxhumana okuqondile kwe-bevel ne-viscometer ku-ekseli langemuva.

Kodwa-ke, okuthakazelisa kakhulu ngezinhloso zendaba yethu yizinhlobo ze-ATTESA E-TS (Electronic Torque Split) zezimoto zezemidlalo zakwaNissan ezinesakhiwo eside nenjini ngaphambili. Iqale ukusetshenziswa kuNissan Skyline GT-R naseSkyline GTS4. Yilesi simiso esenza ukuthi isizukulwane esingu-R32 Skyline GT-R sibe enye yezimoto ezinkulu ngesikhathi saso. Ngoba iPorsche In the PSK yama-959, abaklami bakwaNissan basebenzisa i-clutch yamapuleti amaningi alawulwa ngogesi aqhutshwa yimpompo ye-hydraulic futhi aqondise enye ye-torque kwi-axle engaphambili.

Lesi yisixazululo esithuthuke ngokweqile sosuku lwaso ngoba ayikho inkampani ngaleso sikhathi eyayinikela ngamayunithi we-clutch ephelele njengemikhiqizo yanamuhla yeBorgWarner noma yeHaldex. Empeleni, i-asi engemuva iqhutshwa yi-torque eqondiswe kuyo ngemuva kokudluliswa nge-shaft propeller. Ukudluliswa kunokudlulisa okuhlanganisiwe ne-clutch ehlanganisiwe, lapho i-torque idluliselwa khona ku-axle yangaphambili isebenzisa enye i-PTO shaft. I-propeller shaft igijima idlule i-crankcase futhi iyibhlokhi ejwayelekile ye-aluminium, kuthi i-axle shaft engakwesokudla imfishane ngoba umehluko usohlangothini lwesokudla. Uhlelo lilawulwa yikhompyutha eyi-16-bit eqapha ukunyakaza kwezimoto amahlandla ayishumi ngomzuzwana.

Uhlelo lukaNissan lulula ukwedlula olwePorsche ngoba amaqhugwane aqhutshwa yisekethe elilodwa lomfutholuketshezi futhi awaguquguquki ngakunye. Lesi yisixazululo se-modular esisekela ukufakwa kwanamuhla kwalolu hlobo futhi eshibhile, esilula futhi esihlangene.

Okuthakazelisa lapha ukuthi izixhumi kuleli cala azisebenzi njalo, njengasezinhlelweni eziningi zesimanje. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokushayela, iSkyline GT-R idonsa ngamasondo angemuva, kepha ngesikhathi sokusheshisa okunzima noma ekhoneni elinamandla lapho kudingeka ukudonsa okuningi, iklikhi yokubamba iyasebenza ukukhomba enye ye-torque ku-asi yangaphambili. Isilinganiso nesikhathi sokusebenza kubhekwa yikhompyutha ngemuva kokuhlaziya amapharamitha afana nokusheshisa kwe-lateral, ingcindezi ye-turbocharger, ukuma kwe-throttle kanye nejubane ngalinye lamasondo elinganiswa yizinzwa ze-ABS.

Ngenkathi iNissan Skyline GT-R ingazigabisi ngekhono lokusabalalisa njalo i-torque njengePorsche 959, ihlala enkabeni yombango ophakathi komamodeli anamandla wale mikhiqizo emibili. I-Skyline GT-R ishibhile kakhulu kunama-959, kepha inokusebenza okuhle kakhulu ngenxa yokuhlolwa okuphindiwe eNürburgring. Le ndlela yokusebenza nayo inezimfanelo zayo ezinhle, njengoba igcina izimfanelo ezinamandla zemoto ngaphandle kokuyekethisa umuzwa wokuphatha wemodeli yamasondo angemuva ehlanganiswe namandla amakhulu asekhoneni. Ngakho-ke, imodeli ikwazi ukuhlanganisa okuhle kunakho konke imihlaba futhi ibeke izisekelo zesithombe sodumo seSkyline GT-R. Eqinisweni, iPorsche 959 ayikaze ithole isilinganiso esinjalo sokuphathwa.

Into ethokozisayo yohlelo ukusethwa lapho umshayeli eqhuba ngamandla imoto, i-asi engaphambili ingasebenzi kakhulu. ISkyline GT-R idume ngekhono layo lokuqala emnyango njengemodeli enamandla edonsa ngamasondo angemuva. Lesi sakamuva asijwayelekile ezimotweni ezinokuthunyelwa okubili.

Isizukulwane esilandelayo i-R33 Skyline GT-R saguqukela ku-ATTESA E-TS Pro. Kungezwe ku-ekseli elingemuva umehluko okhiyiwe ngekhompuyutha onamaqoqo amabili okuhlangana, amadivayisi amasha, izinto zokwakha kanye nezilawuli zogesi. Umklamo ofanayo uzothuthukiswa ku-R34 ukuze ufinyelele phezulu ku-R35 powertrain layout.

Olunye uhlobo - i-GT-R enama-dual transmission kanye no-gearbox.

Kodwa-ke, njengoba besesishilo, igama elithi ATTESA (Advanced Total Traction Engineerig System for All Terrain) lavela kudala, njengohlelo lweGT-R entsha. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akusho ukuthi akahlukile ngohlobo lwayo.

Ngo-2004, ngemuva kokucutshungulwa okukhulu, abaklami banquma ukuthi i-GT-R entsha kufanele isebenzise ukudluliselwa kwe-double-clutch edonsa ngamagiya ayisithupha, okuyisinyathelo somkhakha omusha ngenxa yokuthi amamodeli angaphambili ayenenjini kanye nokudluliselwa phambili. Egameni lokudluliswa kwesisindo esingemuva, injini enamasilinda ayisithupha izuzwe enjinini entsha ene-turbocharged ene-V6 architecture, futhi ukudluliselwa kufanele kube ku-axle yangemuva ngokuhambisana nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi yi-transmission layout futhi kube uhlobo lwe-DSG. . Ukuze benze lokhu, onjiniyela baphendukela kochwepheshe be-BorgWarner ukuze bathole usizo, nabo ababambisene nomhlinzeki wokudlulisela u-Aichi. Isifiso sakwaNissan ukwakha imoto eqhudelana nezikhathi ezihamba phambili emathangeni njengeNürburgring. Njengoba sesishilo, ngakho i-486 hp super coupe. Ukuze uqonde ekulawuleni ithrekhi, ibhalansi yesisindo kufanele ibe ngu-50:50. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukudluliswa kufanele kube nomsebenzi wokushintsha okusheshayo. Njengoba lesi sixazululo ngeke sisetshenziswe kunoma iyiphi enye imodeli yenkampani, kuyacaca ukuthi ukudluliswa kuzodingeka kudalwe futhi kufakwe kuphela ku-Nissan GT-R. Ngesizathu esifanayo, kwanqunywa ukuthi kufanele kube uhlobo olulodwa kuphela, njengoba sesishilo kakade, ngezixhumi ezimbili. Okwenzeka ngokulandelayo kuwukubonakaliswa kweqiniso kokubambisana okunezithelo. Ukuhanjiswa kwathuthukiswa ngabakwa-BorgWarner ngokufaka okukhethekile okuvela konjiniyela bakwaNissan nabakwa-Aichi abazinze esikhungweni sezobuchwepheshe senkampani i-Auburn Hills e-US. I-Aichi iklama amagiya, kuyilapho u-BorgWarner, onezinga elikhethekile lobuchwepheshe futhi wadala i-Bugatti Veyron drivetrain, uphatha umklamo othize, isakhiwo, njll.

Ezimfanekisweni zokuqala, ukudluliswa kwakusatholakala ngqo ngemuva kwenjini. Kodwa-ke, iphrojekthi yabe isingena esigabeni sesibili lapho kwathathwa isinqumo sokuthi ukudluliswa kuzotholakala umahluko ongemuva. Ngenxa yalokhu, kudalwe isakhiwo okufanele sixhume ukudluliswa ku-shaft yenjini, ngemuva kufakwa i-clutch yamapuleti amaningi, bese kuthi indlela, esebenzisa i-propeller shaft, idlulisele amandla ku-asi ye-front. Ama-clutch wokudlulisa amabili awuhlobo olusetshenziselwa ukuvala ukuthunyelwa okuzenzakalelayo kwamaplanethi, kepha izinto zokungqubuzana zenzelwe ngqo izidingo ze-GT-R. Umshini wokushintsha ubuye ucaciswe, unikeza impendulo eshesha ngokwedlulele, futhi yonke into ilawulwa yimodyuli yokulawula ejwayelekile. Kwenziwe ikesi elikhethekile le-aluminium, yize kunesifiso semagnesium elula, ngoba eyokugcina ibingakwazi ukuphatha umthwalo.

Njengoba sishilo, uhlelo oluhamba ngamasondo onke lubizwa nge-ATTESA E-TS (Advanced Total Traction Engineerig System for All Terrain with Electronic Split). Igama "imoto yemigwaqo yonke" akumele ikudukise, ngoba ukuvela kwamagama ezinhlelo zangaphambilini. Ibaluleke ngaphezu kwe-asi engemuva, okungukuthi, eyokugcina ingathola kusuka ku-100 kuye ku-50% we-torque. Lokhu-ke kusho ukuthi i-torque iqondiswe kuyona futhi nge-clutch multi-plate eklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ingaqondiswa phambili isuke ku-zero iye ku-50%.

I-Torque idluliselwa kusuka enjini iye ekudlulisweni nge-carbon fiber eqinisiwe i-shaft main shaft (main slow slow). Isilinganiso segiya silawulwa yi-electromagnetic multi-plate clutch. Ngesikhathi sokusheshisa, isilinganiso se-torque silinganiselwa ku-50: 50, ngenkathi ushayela emgwaqeni omkhulu, cishe lonke i-torque liqondiswe ku-axle yangemuva. Lapho izinzwa zemoto zithola ukuthambekela kokushwibeka noma ukwehlisa isithuthuthu, iningi le-torque limunca i-ekseli langemuva, kuyilapho linomkhuba wokweqa ngokweqile, kuze kufike kumaphesenti angama-50 we-torque amuncwa yi-asi yangaphambili. Umehluko wayo uvulekile, kanti ngemuva (ne-GKN) ine-multi-disc lock (LSD), esebenza uma kudonsa noma iliphi lamasondo kuncishisiwe.

Yize i-GT-R iguquke kakhulu eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili selokhu yasungulwa, amandla weyunithi eyisilinda ayisithupha akhule kancane ukusuka ku-486 kuya ku-570 hp, futhi i-torque yafinyelela ku-637 Nm, ukwakheka okuhlukile kokufakelwa kukagesi kuhleli futhi kuyaqhubeka ukuba khona. enhliziyweni yokuziphatha okuhle nezimfanelo ezinamandla zale moto.

Umbhalo: UGeorgy Kolev