Ukumiswa kwemoto okuzimele: izici, izinhlobo, izinzuzo
Okuqukethwe
Idivayisi enwebekayo iqinisa isikhundla somzimba ngosizo lweziphethu noma ama-torsion bars. Umklamo uvame ukusetshenziswa ezimotweni ezine-front-wheel drive. Izingalo ezilandelanayo zixhunywe emzimbeni ohlangothini olulodwa, nasemasondo emoto ngolunye.
Emotweni, i-undercariage yenza umsebenzi wokumunca ukushaqeka ngenxa yokungahambi kahle komgwaqo. Ukumiswa okuzimele kwemoto kunikeza ukuphatha okuhle ngesivinini esikhulu. Kodwa isakhiwo sentwasahlobo esiyinkimbinkimbi sidinga ukugcinwa nokulungisa okubizayo.
Ukumiswa okuzimele
Ezimotweni zesimanjemanje, idivayisi yokudambisa ukudlidliza isebenza ngokuhlukene esondweni ngalinye. Imoto eshaya isithiyo ohlangothini olulodwa, empeleni, ayinawo umthelela omkhulu emzimbeni. Ukumiswa okuzimele kusebenza kahle, okusho ukudambisa ngokuphelele ukudlidliza namabhampa asuka ekuphambeni komgwaqo.
Idizayini eyinkimbinkimbi yedivayisi iqukethe lonke uhlu lwezakhi ezibambe iqhaza ngokungaguquki ekugcineni indawo ezinzile yomzimba wemoto onyakazayo.
Kuzodingeka uchithe imali ekunakekeleni nasekulungiseni ukumiswa okuzimele. Lolu hlobo lwedivayisi yasentwasahlobo lukhethwa ngenjongo yokunethezeka nokuphatha kahle iloli noma imoto edonsa ngawo wonke amasondo. Okudumile ohlwini lwabazimele bezinhlobo eziningi zezimoto zabagibeli yi-chassis yangemuva ye-brand MacPherson.
Ukumiswa okuzimele
Yikuphi okungcono - ukuncika noma ukumiswa kwezixhumanisi eziningi
Inhloso yanoma iyiphi idivayisi yasentwasahlobo ukuvikela umzimba wemoto emiphumeleni yangaphandle yamabhampa omgwaqo ngaphambili nangemuva. I-multi-link yenza lo msebenzi kahle - umklamo oyinkimbinkimbi. Ukumiswa okuncikile kulula futhi kushibhile kunokuzimela kancane. Kodwa emishinini yesimanje, le divayisi cishe ayisetshenziswa.
Inzuzo yokumiswa kwe-semi-independent yisisindo sayo esincane, ukuphatha kahle nokusebenza okuthulile. Lokhu kusho ukubambelela ngokuqinile ngisho nangesivinini esikhulu.
Izinzuzo zokumiswa okuncike ngaphambili noma ngemuva kweloli noma imoto yomgibeli zisedizayini elula, eqinile kanye nokwethembeka.
Izinhlobo zokumiswa okuzimele
Indawo kanye nokuxhumeka ohlelweni lohlu lonke lwezingxenye zedivayisi yokuthambisa kuncike ohlotsheni lwe-chassis. Inhloso eyinhloko ukudambisa ukushaqeka, ukudlidliza komzimba nokugcina ukusimama kokuqondisa.
Uhlu lwezinhlobo zokumiswa okuzimele ngaphambili nangemuva:
- ama-axles e-swing;
- i-longitudinal, i-oblique ne-double wishbones;
- izixhumanisi eziningi.
Ngokwesilinganiso, inzuzo iphawulwe ku-chassis ye-MacPherson, evame ukuma kuma-axles angemuva ezinhlobo eziningi zezimoto zabagibeli ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu lentengo. Konke ukumiswa okuzimele kuyahluka ngoba kuvumela isondo ngalinye ukuthi libhekane nesithiyo ngokuhlukana.
Ukumiswa kwe-axle axle
Ezinkampanini ezindala zasekhaya zezimoto, i-undercarriage iqinisekisa i-eksisi eqondile yamasondo ehlobene nomgwaqo. I-ekseli ngokwayo ibonakala ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili. Ingxenye ngayinye ixhunywe ngokuqinile kumahabhu amasondo. Umsebenzi we-damper kudivayisi wenziwa ngama-shock absorbers kanye namabhuloki entwasahlobo.
Ama-semi-ax kusuka ngaphakathi ahlanganiswe ukuhlanganiswa kwamahinge. Emigwaqweni emibi, ithrekhi ne-camber yamadiski angaphambili nangemuva ane-amplitude enkulu, enciphisa ukuphepha.
Ukumiswa kwengalo elandelanayo
Idivayisi enwebekayo iqinisa isikhundla somzimba ngosizo lweziphethu noma ama-torsion bars. Umklamo uvame ukusetshenziswa ezimotweni ezine-front-wheel drive. Izingalo ezilandelanayo zixhunywe emzimbeni ohlangothini olulodwa, nasemasondo emoto ngolunye.
Ukumiswa kulula ukulondoloza nokulungisa, kodwa nge-drawback eyodwa: ayihambisani kahle ne-body roll uma i-corning. I-chassis ayikuvumeli ukuthi ugcine i-wheelbase eqhubekayo.
Ukumiswa kwe-Wishbone
Kulo mshini wokumanzisa, izingxenye zibonakala zikwi-engeli esondweni. Okusho ukuthi umklamo ugcina kahle ukuzinza komzimba wemoto phakathi nanoma yikuphi ukuguqulwa. Futhi igcina i-engeli engaguquki yokuthambekela kwamasondo ngokushintshana. Kodwa lapho ushaya ama-bumps nemigodi, ukuzinza kwemoto kuncipha.
Ukunciphisa izakhiwo ezingezinhle zokumiswa kuma-oblique levers, kusetshenziswa imigoqo ye-torsion kanye neziphethu. Lezi zinto ezinwebekayo zandisa ukuzinza komshini emigwaqweni emibi.
Ukumiswa kwe-wishbone ephindwe kabili
Idizayini inokunamathiselwe okuqinile emzimbeni wemoto futhi isebenza njengeyunithi ezimele. Lokho kunikeza ukulawuleka nokuzinza okuhle kwemoto emgwaqeni.
Ama-levers angaphambili azimele noma ukumiswa kwangemuva atholakala ngokuphambana futhi axhunywe ezisekelweni zezinsika. Emasondweni angaphambili, ama-shock absorbers akwazi ukuzungeza i-eksisi eqondile. Izingxenye ze-Elastic ze-undercarriage - iziphethu, amadivayisi we-pneumatic kanye nama-hydraulic.
Ukumiswa kwezixhumanisi eziningi
Lo mklamo usetshenziswa kakhulu ezimotweni ezisezingeni eliphezulu ku-axle yangemuva. Izingxenye eziningi kudivayisi zidambise ukudlidliza kwe-multidirectional kangcono, ngaleyo ndlela zikhulise ukuzinza kokuqondisa komshini.
Ukumiswa kwezixhumanisi eziningi
Umgomo wokumiswa kwemoto enezixhumanisi eziningi wuhlelo oluphambanayo lwezingxenye ezisebenza ngokuzimela. Isici somklamo wasentwasahlobo wukugijima kahle nokulawuleka kahle, okusho nokusebenza ngokuthula lapho ushayela.
Ukubi kanye nezinzuzo zokumiswa okuzimele
Uhlangothi oluhle lomklamo wasentwasahlobo yikhono lokulungisa i-chassis yemoto ukuze igcine izimo zokushayela zikhululekile. Futhi lokhu kusho ukuthi izakhi ezinwebekayo zenza ukuthintana okuhle kunoma iyiphi indawo yomgwaqo.
Uhlu lwezinzuzo eziyinhloko zokumiswa okuzimele:
- ukulawula ukunyakaza;
- ukusebenza kahle komshini;
- i-roll encishisiwe lapho i-corning;
- ukulawulwa okuzimele kokuma kwamasondo angaphambili nangemuva.
Ngakho-ke uhlu lokubi lokumiswa okuzimele:
- ukwakhiwa okuyinkimbinkimbi;
- ukukhiqiza nokugcinwa okumba eqolo kwesisetshenziswa;
- ukugcinwa okuphansi ngenxa yemininingwane eminingi.
Ngakho-ke, izakhiwo zentwasahlobo eziyinkimbinkimbi zivame ukusetshenziswa ezinkampanini ezibizayo zezimoto zabagibeli.
Isicelo
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ukuklanywa kokumiswa okuzimele kuyinkimbinkimbi. I-node yakhiwe izingxenye eziningi. Ngenxa yokwanda kwendawo yokuxhumana yezingxenye ezinyakazayo ezincikile, ukuthembeka kwesakhiwo sonke kuncipha. Mayelana nalokhu, i-multi-link ayivamile ukusetshenziswa ezimotweni zezomnotho. I-Independent suspension ivamise ukufakwa ku-axle yangemuva yama-crossovers nama-SUV adonsa ngamasondo onke.
Inani ledivayisi wukuqinisekisa ukuthintana kahle nendawo yomgwaqo kanye nokuzinza komshini one-front noma wonke amasondo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukumiswa kwezixhumanisi eziningi kuma-axle amabili kungatholakala kuphela ohlwini lwezimoto zesimanje ezisezingeni eliphezulu.
